Experimental Neurobiology最新文献_第9页

Astrocyte-targeted Overproduction of IL-10 Reduces Neurodegeneration after TBI. 星形胶质细胞靶向IL-10的过量产生减少TBI后神经退行性变。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.5607/en21035

Mahsa Shanaki-Barvasad, Beatriz Almolda, Berta González, Bernardo Castellano

{"title":"Astrocyte-targeted Overproduction of IL-10 Reduces Neurodegeneration after TBI.","authors":"Mahsa Shanaki-Barvasad, Beatriz Almolda, Berta González, Bernardo Castellano","doi":"10.5607/en21035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21035","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury is the greatest cause of disability and death in young adults in the developed world. The outcome for a TBI patient is determined by the severity of the injury, not only from the initial insult but, especially, as a product of the secondary injury. It is proposed that this secondary injury is directly linked to neuro-inflammation, with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, activation of resident glial cells and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. In this context, anti-inflammatory treatments are one of the most promising therapies to dampen the inflammatory response associated with TBI and to reduce secondary injury. In this sense, the main objective of the present study is to elucidate the effect of local production of IL-10 in the neurological outcome after TBI. For this purpose, a cryogenic lesion was caused in transgenic animals overproducing IL-10 under the GFAP promoter on astrocytes (GFAP-IL10Tg mice) and the neuro-protection, microglial activation and leukocyte recruitment were evaluated. Our results showed a protective effect of IL-10 on neurons at early time-points after TBI, in correlation with a shift in the microglial activation profile towards a down-regulating phenotype and lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concomitantly, we observed a reduction in the BBB leakage together with modifications in leukocyte infiltration into the affected area. In conclusion, local IL-10 production modifies the neuro-inflammatory response after TBI, shifting it to anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective conditions. These results point to IL-10 as a promising candidate to improve neuro-inflammation associated with TBI.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 3","pages":"173-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d8/d5/en-31-3-173.PMC9272120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10620555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Time Course of Remote Neuropathology Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Male Rat. 雄性大鼠弥漫性创伤性脑损伤后远端神经病理的时间过程。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en21027

Katherine R Giordano, L Matthew Law, Jordan Henderson, Rachel K Rowe, Jonathan Lifshitz

{"title":"Time Course of Remote Neuropathology Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Male Rat.","authors":"Katherine R Giordano, L Matthew Law, Jordan Henderson, Rachel K Rowe, Jonathan Lifshitz","doi":"10.5607/en21027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21027","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can affect different regions throughout the brain. Regions near the site of impact are the most vulnerable to injury. However, damage to distal regions occurs. We investigated progressive neuropathology in the dorsal hippocampus (near the impact) and cerebellum (distal to the impact) after diffuse TBI. Adult male rats were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or sham injury. Brain tissue was stained by the amino cupric silver stain. Neuropathology was quantified in sub-regions of the dorsal hippocampus at 1, 7, and 28 days post-injury (DPI) and coronal cerebellar sections at 1, 2, and 7 DPI. The highest observed neuropathology in the dentate gyrus occurred at 7 DPI which attenuated by 28 DPI, whereas the highest observed neuropathology was at 1 DPI in the CA3 region. There was no significant neuropathology in the CA1 region at any time point. Neuropathology was increased at 7 DPI in the cerebellum compared to shams and stripes of pathology were observed in the molecular layer perpendicular to the cerebellar cortical surface. Together these data show that diffuse TBI can result in neuropathology across the brain. By describing the time course of pathology in response to TBI, it is possible to build the temporal profile of disease progression.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 2","pages":"105-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/5a/en-31-2-105.PMC9194637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9587839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Neonatal Mice Spinal Cord Interneurons Send Axons through the Dorsal Roots 新生小鼠脊髓中间神经元通过背根发送轴突

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en21019

L. P. Osuna-Carrasco, S. Dueñas-Jiménez, Carmen Toro-Castillo, Braniff De la Torre, I. Aguilar-García, Jonatan Alpirez, Luis Castillo, J. M. Dueñas-Jiménez

{"title":"Neonatal Mice Spinal Cord Interneurons Send Axons through the Dorsal Roots","authors":"L. P. Osuna-Carrasco, S. Dueñas-Jiménez, Carmen Toro-Castillo, Braniff De la Torre, I. Aguilar-García, Jonatan Alpirez, Luis Castillo, J. M. Dueñas-Jiménez","doi":"10.5607/en21019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21019","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous interneuron activity plays a critical role in developing neuronal networks. Discharges conducted antidromically along the dorsal root (DR) precede those from the ventral root’s (VR) motoneurons. This work studied whether spinal interneurons project axons into the neonate’s dorsal roots. Experiments were carried out in postnatal Swiss-Webster mice. We utilized a staining technique and found that interneurons in the spinal cord’s dorsal horn send axons through the dorsal roots. In vitro electrophysiological recordings showed antidromic action potentials (dorsal root reflex; DRR) produced by depolarizing the primary afferent terminals. These reflexes appeared by stimulating the adjacent dorsal roots. We found that bicuculline reduced the DRR evoked by L5 dorsal root stimulation when recording from the L4 dorsal root. Simultaneously, the monosynaptic reflex (MR) in the L5 ventral root was not affected; nevertheless, a long-lasting after-discharge appeared. The addition of 2-amino-5 phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), an NMDA receptor antagonist, abolished the MR without changing the after-discharge. The absence of DRR and MR facilitated single action potentials in the dorsal and ventral roots that persisted even in low Ca2+ concentrations. The results suggest that firing interneurons could send their axons through the dorsal roots. These interneurons could activate motoneurons producing individual spikes recorded in the ventral roots. Identifying these interneurons and the persistence of their neuronal connectivity in adulthood remains to be established.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"89 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43897836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological Roles of Monomeric Amyloid-β and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics. 单体淀粉样蛋白-β的生理作用及其对阿尔茨海默氏症治疗的意义

IF 1.8 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en22004

Hyomin Jeong, Heewon Shin, Seungpyo Hong, YoungSoo Kim

{"title":"Physiological Roles of Monomeric Amyloid-β and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics.","authors":"Hyomin Jeong, Heewon Shin, Seungpyo Hong, YoungSoo Kim","doi":"10.5607/en22004","DOIUrl":"10.5607/en22004","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively inflicts impairment of synaptic functions with notable deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques within the extracellular space of the brain. Accordingly, therapeutic directions for AD have focused on clearing Aβ plaques or preventing amyloidogenesis based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, the emerging evidence suggests that Aβ serves biological roles, which include suppressing microbial infections, regulating synaptic plasticity, promoting recovery after brain injury, sealing leaks in the blood-brain barrier, and possibly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. More importantly, these functions were found in in vitro and in vivo investigations in a hormetic manner, that is to be neuroprotective at low concentrations and pathological at high concentrations. We herein summarize the physiological roles of monomeric Aβ and current Aβ-directed therapies in clinical trials. Based on the evidence, we propose that novel therapeutics targeting Aβ should selectively target Aβ in neurotoxic forms such as oligomers while retaining monomeric Aβ in order to preserve the physiological functions of Aβ monomers.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 2","pages":"65-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/b3/en-31-2-65.PMC9194638.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10252253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deletion of Phospholipase C β1 in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus Induces Absence Seizures 丘脑网状核中磷脂酶C β1缺失诱导癫痫发作

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en22007

Bomi Chang, Junweon Byun, Ko Keun Kim, Seung Eun Lee, Boyoung Lee, Key‐Sun Kim, Hoon Ryu, Hee-Sup Shin, Eunji Cheong

{"title":"Deletion of Phospholipase C β1 in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus Induces Absence Seizures","authors":"Bomi Chang, Junweon Byun, Ko Keun Kim, Seung Eun Lee, Boyoung Lee, Key‐Sun Kim, Hoon Ryu, Hee-Sup Shin, Eunji Cheong","doi":"10.5607/en22007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22007","url":null,"abstract":"Absence seizures are caused by abnormal synchronized oscillations in the thalamocortical (TC) circuit, which result in widespread spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) on electroencephalography (EEG) as well as impairment of consciousness. Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and TC neurons are known to interact dynamically to generate TC circuitry oscillations during SWDs. Clinical studies have suggested the association of Plcβ1 with early-onset epilepsy, including absence seizures. However, the brain regions and circuit mechanisms related to the generation of absence seizures with Plcβ1 deficiency are unknown. In this study, we found that loss of Plcβ1 in mice caused spontaneous complex-type seizures, including convulsive and absence seizures. Importantly, TRN-specific deletion of Plcβ1 led to the development of only spontaneous SWDs, and no other types of seizures were observed. Ex vivo slice patch recording demonstrated that the number of spikes, an intrinsic TRN neuronal property, was significantly reduced in both tonic and burst firing modes in the absence of Plcβ1. We conclude that the loss of Plcβ1 in the TRN leads to decreased excitability and impairs normal inhibitory neuronal function, thereby disrupting feedforward inhibition of the TC circuitry, which is sufficient to cause hypersynchrony of the TC system and eventually leads to spontaneous absence seizures. Our study not only provides a novel mechanism for the induction of SWDs in Plcβ1-deficient patients but also offers guidance for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for absence epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"116 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44629233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Indirect Effect of Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume on Suicide Attempts among Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder 额前灰质体积对重度抑郁症患者自杀未遂的间接影响

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.5607/en22008

June Kang, A. Kim, Y. Kang, Kyu-Man Han, B. Ham

{"title":"The Indirect Effect of Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume on Suicide Attempts among Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder","authors":"June Kang, A. Kim, Y. Kang, Kyu-Man Han, B. Ham","doi":"10.5607/en22008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22008","url":null,"abstract":"Trait impulsivity is a known risk factor for suicidality, and the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in impulsivity and its regulation. However, the relationship between trait impulsivity, neural basis, and suicidality has been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and its structural correlates (prefrontal gray matter volume), suicidal ideation, and actual suicide attempts. A total of 87 individuals with major depressive disorder participated in study, and the gray matter volume of the prefrontal regions was extracted from T1 images based on region of interest masks. The variables for the mediation models were selected based on correlation analysis and tested for their ability to predict suicide attempts, with impulsivity and suicidal ideation as the mediation variables and gray matter volume as the independent variable. A significant correlation was observed between suicidal ideation and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. The dual-mediation model revealed a significant indirect relationship between gray matter volume in both regions and suicide attempts mediated by motor impulsivity and suicidal ideation. The counterintuitive positive relationship between gray matter volume and suicidality was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"97 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Invertebrate Model Organisms as a Platform to Investigate Rare Human Neurological Diseases 无脊椎动物模型生物作为研究罕见人类神经系统疾病的平台

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en22003

Ji-Hye Lee

{"title":"Invertebrate Model Organisms as a Platform to Investigate Rare Human Neurological Diseases","authors":"Ji-Hye Lee","doi":"10.5607/en22003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22003","url":null,"abstract":"Patients suffering from rare human diseases often go through a painful journey for finding a definite molecular diagnosis prerequisite of appropriate cures. With a novel variant isolated from a single patient, determination of its pathogenicity to end such “diagnostic odyssey” requires multi-step processes involving experts in diverse areas of interest, including clinicians, bioinformaticians and research scientists. Recent efforts in building large-scale genomic databases and in silico prediction platforms have facilitated identification of potentially pathogenic variants causative of rare human diseases of a Mendelian basis. However, the functional significance of individual variants remains elusive in many cases, thus requiring incorporation of versatile and rapid model organism (MO)-based platforms for functional analyses. In this review, the current scope of rare disease research is briefly discussed. In addition, an overview of invertebrate MOs for their key features relevant to rare neurological diseases is provided, with the characteristics of two representative invertebrate MOs, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as the challenges against them. Finally, recently developed research networks integrating these MOs in collaborative research are portraited with an array of bioinformatical analyses embedded. A comprehensive survey of MO-based research activities provided in this review will help us to design a well-structured analysis of candidate genes or potentially pathogenic variants for their roles in rare neurological diseases in future.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44528931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Conformation-specific Antibodies Targeting Aggregated Forms of α-synuclein Block the Propagation of Synucleinopathy 靶向聚集型α-突触核蛋白的构象特异性抗体阻断突触核病的传播

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en21039

Minsun Choi, Tae-kyung Kim, Jinhyung Ahn, Jun Sung Lee, Byung Chul Jung, Sungwon An, Dongin Kim, Min Jae Lee, I. Mook-Jung, S. H. Lee, Seung-Jae Lee

{"title":"Conformation-specific Antibodies Targeting Aggregated Forms of α-synuclein Block the Propagation of Synucleinopathy","authors":"Minsun Choi, Tae-kyung Kim, Jinhyung Ahn, Jun Sung Lee, Byung Chul Jung, Sungwon An, Dongin Kim, Min Jae Lee, I. Mook-Jung, S. H. Lee, Seung-Jae Lee","doi":"10.5607/en21039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21039","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein is a key element in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. α-synuclein aggregation spreads through various brain regions during the course of disease progression, a propagation that is thought to be mediated by the secretion and subsequent uptake of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates between neuronal cells. Thus, aggregated forms of this protein have emerged as promising targets for disease-modifying therapy for PD and related diseases. Here, we generated and characterized conformation-specific antibodies that preferentially recognize aggregated forms of α-synuclein. These antibodies promoted phagocytosis of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates by microglial cells and interfered with cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein. In an α-synuclein transgenic model, passive immunization with aggregate-specific antibodies significantly ameliorated pathological phenotypes, reducing α-synuclein aggregation, gliosis, inflammation, and neuronal loss. These results suggest that conformation-specific antibodies targeting α-synuclein aggregates are promising therapeutic agents for PD and related synucleinopathies.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"29 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Interleukin 13 on Microglia is Neurotoxic in Lipopolysaccharide-injected Striatum in vivo 小胶质细胞上的白细胞介素13在体内对脂多糖注射纹状体具有神经毒性

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en21032

Ah Reum Hong, Jae Geun Jang, Y. Chung, So-Yoon Won, Byung Kwan Jin

{"title":"Interleukin 13 on Microglia is Neurotoxic in Lipopolysaccharide-injected Striatum in vivo","authors":"Ah Reum Hong, Jae Geun Jang, Y. Chung, So-Yoon Won, Byung Kwan Jin","doi":"10.5607/en21032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21032","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the potential function of interleukin-13 (IL-13), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PBS as a control was unilaterally microinjected into striatum of rat brain. Seven days after LPS injection, there was a significant loss of neurons and microglial activation in the striatum, visualized by immunohistochemical staining against neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and the OX-42 (complement receptor type 3, CR3), respectively. In parallel, IL-13 immunoreactivity was increased as early as 3 days and sustained up to 7 days post LPS injection, compared to PBS-injected control and detected exclusively within microglia. Moreover, GFAP immunostaining and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability evaluation showed the loss of astrocytes and disruption of BBB, respectively. By contrast, treatment with IL-13 neutralizing antibody (IL-13NA) protects NeuN+ neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Accompanying neuroprotection, IL-13NA reduced loss of GFAP+ astrocytes and damage of BBB in LPS-injected striatum. Intriguingly, treatment with IL-13NA produced neurotrophic factors (NTFs) on survived astrocytes in LPS-injected rat striatum. Taken together, the present study suggests that LPS induces expression of IL-13 on microglia, which contributes to neurodegeneration via damage on astrocytes and BBB disruption in the striatum in vivo.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"42 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Diffusion MRI Connections in the Octopus Brain 章鱼大脑的扩散MRI连接

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en21047

R. Jacobs

{"title":"Diffusion MRI Connections in the Octopus Brain","authors":"R. Jacobs","doi":"10.5607/en21047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21047","url":null,"abstract":"Using high angle resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (HARDI) with fiber tractography analysis we map out a meso-scale connectome of the Octopus bimaculoides brain. The brain of this cephalopod has a qualitatively different organization than that of vertebrates, yet it exhibits complex behavior, an elaborate sensory system and high cognitive abilities. Over the last 60 years wide ranging and detailed studies of octopus brain anatomy have been undertaken, including classical histological sectioning/staining, electron microscopy and neuronal tract tracing with injected dyes. These studies have elucidated many neuronal connections within and among anatomical structures. Diffusion MRI based tractography utilizes a qualitatively different method of tracing connections within the brain and offers facile three-dimensional images of anatomy and connections that can be quantitatively analyzed. Twenty-five separate lobes of the brain were segmented in the 3D MR images of each of three samples, including all five sub-structures in the vertical lobe. These parcellations were used to assay fiber tracings between lobes. The connectivity matrix constructed from diffusion MRI data was largely in agreement with that assembled from earlier studies. The one major difference was that connections between the vertical lobe and more basal supra-esophageal structures present in the literature were not found by MRI. In all, 92 connections between the 25 different lobes were noted by diffusion MRI: 53 between supra-esophageal lobes and 26 between the optic lobes and other structures. These represent the beginnings of a mesoscale connectome of the octopus brain.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"17 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45028139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3