F1000Research最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the Dynamics of consumer behaviour and purchase intentions for Green Cosmetic Products in North India: A Gender-Neutral Approach.","authors":"Neha Singh, Babita Rawat, Dhani Shanker Chaubey, Ambica Prakash Mani, Aditi Singh","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.151629.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.151629.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing popularity of green cosmetic products among consumers who prioritize skin health, quality, and beauty has driven the production of these products. Growing awareness of harmful toxins in traditional cosmetics is leading consumers to prefer natural alternatives. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing Indian consumers' buying behaviour and purchase intentions toward green cosmetics, focusing on both male and female consumers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve this, a thorough evaluation of the literature from Scopus-indexed journals was conducted, employing the theory of planned behavior as the theoretical framework. The study used Smart PLS 3.0's structural equation modeling to analyze data and performed a multi-group analysis to explore variations in purchasing intentions and actions between male and female consumers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research indicated an increasing demand for green cosmetics among males in North India. Findings revealed that subjective norms significantly influenced both purchase behaviour and purchase intention. Additionally, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms positively impacted purchase intention, which in turn indirectly affected purchase behaviour. Interestingly, environmental concerns did not influence consumers' actual purchasing intentions or behaviour. The analysis also demonstrated no significant differences between male and female consumers regarding the impact of various factors on their purchase intentions and behaviours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and marketing managers aiming to promote green cosmetic product purchase behaviour. Recognizing that subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are crucial drivers of purchase intention and behaviour can help in devising effective marketing strategies. Despite the absence of significant gender differences in the factors influencing purchase behaviour, the increasing interest in green cosmetics, especially among males, highlights a broader market potential for these products. This research underscores the importance of focusing on social and behavioural influences to encourage the adoption of green cosmetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) on Selected Surgeries in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department incurred by Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya  Yojana (AB-PMJAY), Private Health Insurance and Uninsured Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Karnataka state of India.","authors":"Sagarika Kamath, Siddhartha Sankar Acharya, Helmut Brand, Prajwal Salins, Reena Verma, Dr Kumar Sumit, Dr Vidya Prabhu, Rajesh Kamath","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.157203.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.157203.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>OOPE for healthcare services is a major concern within the Indian healthcare system. 30% of the population remains uninsured despite increasing health insurance coverage. For obstetrics and gynaecology (OBG) patients financial obstacles like OOPE can delay access to health care, evaluating spending patterns can inform policies to enhance accessibility, affordability and equitable health.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karnataka state of India to analyze OOPE for 905 OBG patients who underwent Cesarean Section(C-Section), Laparoscopic Hysterectomy, Laparoscopic Cystectomy, Laparoscopic Myomectomy and Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH). These were the top five most performed obstetrics and gynecology surgeries in the tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2023 and July 2023. Data was collected across AB-PMJAY, private health insurance, uninsured patients and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, median) and the Shapiro-Wilk test for data normality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analyzed OOPE across 905 OBG patients. Findings show AB-PMJAY provided full coverage with zero OOPE for all surgeries. Though private health insurance reduced OOPE compared to uninsured patients under private health insurance still faced significant financial burden. Variations existed in minimum and maximum OOPE and percentage of OOPE across different private insurances. All the uninsured patients incurred 100% OOPE, with a median OOPE of Rs. 33,257 (405.67 USD) to Rs. 57,053 (695.76 USD) and a mean OOPE of Rs. 39,848 (485.95 USD) to Rs. 60,687 (740 USD) across the surgeries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings of the study show that AB-PMJAY is highly effective in reducing OOPE and enhancing financial risk protection for OBG patients. Patients covered by private health insurance incurred less OOPE, yet the burden remained considerable. High OOPE rates for uninsured patients (100%) and private health insurance (38.15%) compared to 0% OOPE in AB-PMJAY emphasizes the need for the continued expansion of AB-PMJAY.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences Using Media Health Claims to Teach Evidence-Based Practice to Healthcare Students: A Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Ida-Kristin Orjasaeter Elvsaas, Hilde Tinderholt Myrhaug, Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Jürgen Kasper, Astrid Dahlgren, Marianne Molin","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.146648.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.146648.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A multifaceted and interactive teaching approach is recommended for achieving proficiency in evidence-based practice, with critical thinking considered vital for connecting theory and practice. In this context, we advocate the strategic use of health claims in media to promote critical thinking and provide an accessible entry point to evidence-based practice for early-stage university healthcare students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a convergent mixed methods study, including a cross-sectional survey with structured and open-ended questions as well as focus group interviews, at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, during the 2020-2021 academic year. Participants were bachelor's students in bioengineering, physiotherapy, social education, and occupational therapy. We employed a blended learning approach, combining digital learning resources, teaching in critical assessment of health claims and evidence-based practice, and a concurrent group exam assignment centered around health news. The outcome measures included students' experiences integrating health claims into evidence-based practice teaching and their experiences with teaching approaches, including the group exam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 446 participants, 136 (30.5%) responded to the structured questions in the survey. In response to the open-ended questions within the survey, 109 (80.1%) of the respondents shared positive experiences about the course, while 98 (72%) suggested improvements. Additionally, 25 students participated in focus group interviews. Synthesizing the results, we found that students viewed the inclusion of health claim assessment as a useful entry point for learning evidence-based practice. In addition, both the blended learning design and the group exam were identified as contributors to a positive perception of learning outcomes from the course.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating critical reflection on media health claims into evidence-based practice education, alongside a blended learning approach and a group exam, may be beneficial for educating bachelor's healthcare students. However, further rigorous study designs are needed to assess the effect of the course on learning outcomes.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>DOI 10.5281/zenodo.6985449.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women.","authors":"Winniecia Dkhar, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Sneha Ravichandran, Abhimanyu Pradhan, Suresh Sukumar, Neil Barnes Abraham","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.153999.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.153999.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, with early diagnosis and risk factor identification crucial for improving outcomes. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurements have emerged as promising tools in breast cancer diagnostics. However, the influence of hormonal status on these measurements remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to synthesize current evidence on how hormonal changes in pre- and post-menopausal women influence ADC values of benign, malignant, and fibroglandular breast tissues.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, we conducted a comprehensive search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases for relevant studies published between January 2000 and 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed 1.5 Tesla MRI studies reporting ADC values in female subjects, considering menopausal status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria, involving 612 patients, were analyzed. Findings suggest that menopausal status may influence ADC values, with postmenopausal women generally showing lower ADC values in both normal fibroglandular tissue and breast lesions. The impact of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values was less consistent across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the potential influence of hormonal status on ADC values in breast tissues. While DWI with ADC mapping shows promise as a reliable diagnostic tool across different hormonal states, further research is needed to fully understand and account for hormonal influences on ADC measurements. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs, standardization of DWI protocols, and integration of hormonal status information into breast cancer risk assessment models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reference genome for the eastern bettong ( <i>Bettongia gaimardi</i>).","authors":"Luke W Silver, Richard J Edwards, Linda Neaves, Adrian D Manning, Carolyn J Hogg, Sam Banks","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.157851.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.157851.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eastern or Tasmanian bettong ( <i>Bettongia gaimardi</i>) is one of four extant bettong species and is listed as 'Near Threatened' by the IUCN. We sequenced short read data on the 10x system to generate a reference genome 3.46Gb in size and contig N50 of 87.36Kb and scaffold N50 of 2.93Mb. Additionally, we used GeMoMa to provide and accompanying annotation for the reference genome. The generation of a reference genome for the eastern bettong provides a vital resource for the conservation of the species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waveform characteristics in thoracic paravertebral space: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Amorn Vijitpavan, Sivaporn Termpornlert, Pattika Subsoontorn, Lalinthip Vareesunthorn","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.139904.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.139904.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With increased use of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) in thoracic surgery, many faced the challenge of locating the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) ultrasonographically. This observational study aimed to investigate the waveform characteristics and pressure value within the TPVS in anaesthetized patients with controlled ventilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>50 patients scheduled for elective lung surgery were enrolled. After conduction of anesthesia, all patients underwent TPVB at T4/5 and T6/7 using transverse, in-plane ultrasound guidance. A pressure transducer system with a desktop monitor was connected to the needle hub to measure pressure values and waveform characteristics in three locations: the paraspinal muscles, immediately behind the superior costotransverse ligament, and within the TPVS. Next, 15 mL of 0.33% bupivacaine was injected into each desired TPVS. After completion of the surgery, the extent of dermatomal blockade and the pain score was assessed in all patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>98 typical regular respiratory waveforms with a mean pressure of ≤ 25 mmHg were detected in the TPVS of 50 patients. The sensitivity of the combined ultrasound and pressure waveform measurement technique to identify the TPVS was 95.45% (95% confidence interval, 84.527-99.445). Nontypical respiratory waveforms were present in two patients. Factors interfering with the TPVS waveform characteristics were previous thoracic surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TPVS had low pressure and showed a smooth, regular waveform pattern corresponding to respiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Brand Attitude Complement Influencer Credibility in Shaping Purchase Intention of Indian GenZ Consumers?","authors":"Pranav Vilas Chavare, Smitha Nayak, Ramona Birau, Varalakshmi Alapati","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.157553.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.157553.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The social media landscape has radically changed and has revolutionized consumer perspectives, purchasing habits, and behaviors. Amidst this emerging trend is the rise of influencer marketing and its impact on the purchase intentions of followers. The objective is to explore the characteristics of influencers that contribute to their credibility. This research aims to explore the role of consumers' attitude toward brands on their intention to adopt brands endorsed by influencers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional research was undertaken among GenZ in the urban landscape of India. Data collected was analyzed using SmartPLS4 software.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Trust, expertise, and similarity were the significant antecedents of the formation of influencer credibility. Attractiveness did not have a significant influence on influencer credibility. A complementary partial mediation of Attitude towards a brand is observed in the association between influencer credibility and the purchase intention of followers. Attitude towards the video also had a significant positive influence on purchase intention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that Gen Z places little importance on an influencer's attractiveness, as it has no significant impact on credibility. However, attitude toward the brand strongly influenced purchase intention and partially mediated the relationship between influencer credibility and purchase intention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of distress and anxiety due to COVID-19 on digital addictions in university students in the third wave period .","authors":"Walter Capa-Luque, Luz Elizabeth Mayorga-Falcón, Evelyn Barboza-Navarro, Armando Martínez-Portillo, Yovana Pardavé-Livia, Edmundo Hervias-Guerra, Aldo Bazán-Ramírez, Catalina Bello-Vidal","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.154696.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.154696.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital addictions are a major problem worldwide, which has increased considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scenario, two important impact factors to explain this problem are stress and anxiety because of COVID-19. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of distress and anxiety due to COVID-19 on digital addictions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>cross-sectional, explanatory study. A total of 802 students from public and private universities residing in the city of Lima and Callao (Peru), with a mean age of 21.68 (SD = 3.11), selected by convenience sampling, participated in the study. The MULTICAGE CAD-4 questionnaire, the distress scale, and the anxiety scale by COVID-19 were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>two models examined with structural equation modeling showed good fit indices (CFI and TLI > .95, RMSEA and SRMR < .06). The first model shows that the latent variables distress and anxiety due to COVID-19 have direct effects on digital addictions as a general construct (R ² = 22%). The second model shows that the exogenous latent variables (stress and anxiety) have direct effects of different magnitudes on each digital technology, so the variance explained on smartphone addiction was higher (R ² = 25%) with respect to internet (R ² = 19%) and video game addiction (R ² = 6%). It was also found that for every male, there are two females with high levels of distress and anxiety. Regarding the problematic use of smartphones and internet, there is a prevalence of 40% regardless of sex; but as for the problematic use of video games, there is a marked difference between males (18.8%) and females (2.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the distress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 have a direct impact in aggravating digital addictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact?","authors":"Faizul Hasan, Hendrik Setia Budi, Rajesh Ramasamy, Tantiana Tantiana, Rini Devijanti Ridwan, Ervina Restiwulan Winoto, Prawati Nuraini, Juni Handajani, Ariadna Adisattya Djais, Silvia Anitasari","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.155987.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.155987.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interaction between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Veillonella species (Veillonella spp.) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development using systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library, were used to conduct a systematic search for eligible studies from their inception until July 18, 2023. PROSPERO registration number was No. CRD42023445968.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We initially identified 4,774 articles. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonella spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutans. Some studies indicate that Veillonella spp. can inhibit the acid production by S. mutans, potentially reducing the cariogenic process. Another aspect is the competition for substrates. Veillonella spp. utilize lactic acid, which is a by product of S. mutans metabolism, as a source of carbon. This metabolic interaction may decrease the availability of lactic acid for S. mutans, potentially influencing its cariogenic potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonella spp. can modulate the acid production, and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronological approach to the characteristics of Ecuador's debt with the IMF and the WB.","authors":"Martha Lucía Romero Flores, Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez, Patricia Alexandra Chiriboga Zamora, Ligia Ximena Tapia Hermida","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.154378.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.154378.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Where did Ecuador's foreign debt originate and grow to alarming levels? The purpose of this article is to describe, from an analytical perspective based on the contributions of various authors, the origin of Ecuador's external debt with international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as the support that these organizations provide for the development of the countries of the South, case Ecuador. To achieve this purpose, a documentary methodology was implemented that included an exhaustive review of studies focused on the specific variables subject to analysis, the PRISMA tool and Atlas.ti 23 were used. The results show that the creation of these financing agencies in their attempt to support the financial stability of developing countries has not been sufficiently effective in improving the welfare conditions of a good percentage of the population and has generated an imbalance in the sustained development of the poorest countries. It is concluded that the capitalist system gives predominant priority to the economic growth of nations, thus relegating in its model the consideration of human development. This orientation does not contribute effectively to the improvement of crucial aspects such: education, health and the standard of living of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}