F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-31eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.174402.2
Sabea Khamees Abed, Mustafa A Saud, Ahmed Emad Abood, Maysam Abdulrahman Ghazi
{"title":"Physiological Alterations in Local Iraqi Sheep Affected by Ruminal Impaction: Insights from Biochemical, Electrolyte, and Oxidative Markers.","authors":"Sabea Khamees Abed, Mustafa A Saud, Ahmed Emad Abood, Maysam Abdulrahman Ghazi","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.174402.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.174402.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ruminal impaction is a serious digestive disorder in sheep, leading to systemic metabolic acidosis and, as a consequence, widespread physiological disturbances. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate biochemical, electrolyte and oxidative parameters in a local Iraqi sheep that was suffering from ruminal impaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case control study was performed in 20 adult female sheep (Awassi sheep breeder) (10 ruminal impaction and 10 control) diagnosed with in Fallujah, Iraq, based on clinical signs and confirmed by laboratory findings of hyperkalaemia. The control group consisted of sheep of age, sex and weight consistent with clinically normal sheep. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected, and serum was analyzed for electrolytes, biochemical and oxidative markers using established laboratory methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The impacted animals showed significant increases (P≤0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), glucose, urea, creatinine, potassium, and phosphate and significant decreases (P≤0.05) in albumin, cholesterol, sodium, chloride, and calcium levels, where serum level of magnesium did not show any significant difference between the groups. In addition, oxidative stress was present as there was a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>These findings indicate a pathogenesis cascade whereby ingestion of poorly digested food causes ruminal stasis, systemic acidosis, liver dysfunction, renal insufficiency, electrolyte disturbances, oxidative stress and oxidative stress. Using a single biomarker may underestimate the true severity of the disease, while combining biochemical, electrolyte and oxidative measurements provides a more complete picture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-31eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.167892.3
Riffat Shaheen, Hussaini Bala, Ahmad Haruna Abubakar, Supriya Lamba Sahdev, Armaya'u Alhaji Sani, Ghousia Khatoon, Umair Zahid
{"title":"Revisiting the Governance-Dividend Nexus: The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility.","authors":"Riffat Shaheen, Hussaini Bala, Ahmad Haruna Abubakar, Supriya Lamba Sahdev, Armaya'u Alhaji Sani, Ghousia Khatoon, Umair Zahid","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.167892.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.167892.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite plentiful research on the link between corporate governance (CG) and dividend policy, the mediating impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the CG -dividend policy link remains unexplored. This study investigates the mediating impact of CSR on the CG -dividend policy link, and explores the mechanism through which CSR mediates this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are considered as a study sample. The data collection period ranged from 2012 to 2021. The final sample included 15,800 firm-year observations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results findings indicate that firms with strong CG tend to pay low dividends, consistent with the substitution hypothesis, in which dividends and CG act as substitutes for each other. In addition to establishing a direct link between CG and dividend policy, our study significantly contributes to the extant literature by presenting both theoretical proposition and empirical evidence on the mediation effect of CSR in the above-mentioned relationship. We find that CSR mediates the corporate governance- dividend policy relationship, which implies that in comparison to corporate governance, CSR has a more dominating impact on firms' dividend policy decisions, and better-governed firms are more likely to engage in CSR activities to protect their stakeholders; consequently, they prefer to hold or invest cash instead of paying dividends because CSR engagements lower the cost of equity capital. These findings were corroborated by a set of robustness tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results have several implications for firms, regulators, and investors. Firms can use high dividend payouts to compensate for poor investor protection and to maintain good relationships with investors. When making investment decisions, investors are advised to consider socially responsible firms because of their strong CG structure. Finally, policy makers should give special consideration to CSR in order to reduce environmental and social problems and to enhance the related standards to ensure the safety and security of all stakeholders and hence reduce global accusation and pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-31eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.174090.2
Sura M Alkadhimy, Asmaa M Neamah, Mohammed Y I Al-Hamadani, Ahmed S Jarad, Mokhtar I Yousef
{"title":"Effect of anti-obesity drug orlistat (Xenical™) on liver and kidney function in male rats fed a high-fat diet.","authors":"Sura M Alkadhimy, Asmaa M Neamah, Mohammed Y I Al-Hamadani, Ahmed S Jarad, Mokhtar I Yousef","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.174090.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.174090.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HFDs have adverse effects on metabolic health, which puts individuals at risk of obesity and liver and kidney dysfunction. Orlistat is an antihypertensive agent against obesity that prevents the absorption of dietary fats, although its impact on hepatic and renal functions is still disputed. In this study, the dose-dependent effects of orlistat on liver and renal functioning were in male rats on an HFD were assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>There was a control HFD group and three HFD groups with orlistat (360, 480 and 600 mg/kg) on male rats over 60 days. Lipid profiles, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP), kidney (urea, creatinine, direct and indirect bilirubin), and hematological (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC counts, MCV, MCH, MCHC) serum tests were done. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney tissues was done.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Orlistat caused dose-related changes in lipid profiles, increased liver enzymes, and an increased mark of kidney functioning. The hematological parameters were also greatly impaired, and the histopathology indicated structural and tissue damage in both of the organs, more so at higher doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orlistat was used in HFD-conditions in male rats, which resulted in severe dose-related impairment of the liver and kidney. These results highlight the importance of close observation of hepatic and renal functions when using orlistat especially in the high-fat dietary situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-28eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.172498.2
Hiba H Abdullah, Nooruldeen A Noori, Taha S Hamza
{"title":"The Improved Hybrid STD- Radial Basis Function Neural Network Approach for Time Series Forecasting Application to Tesla Stock Price Prediction.","authors":"Hiba H Abdullah, Nooruldeen A Noori, Taha S Hamza","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.172498.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172498.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The forecast of time series in financial applications is difficult to perform as time series forecasting is nonlinear in nature, seasonal, and has structural variability. Stock price series tend to follow a lot of nonlinear dynamics, which undermines the power of single-model approaches. Hybrid decomposition-based models have attracted increasing interest in order to gain accuracy by separating heterogeneous features from one another. In this work, we present a hybrid forecasting methodology that incorporates STD decomposition with RBFNN (Radial Basis Function Neural Network). The time series is decomposed, where trend, seasonal, and dispersion components are separately modeled using RBFNN with Gaussian basis functions. The predicted feature sets are then recombined to construct a forecast, to be evaluated with weekly Tesla stock price data and standard accuracy performance metrics. The experimental analysis of weekly Tesla stock price data presents that the STD-RBFNN structure results in lower forecast errors, compared to the comparison hybrid model discussed in this paper. The improvement seems to be realized by decomposing the original series into components before learning non-linearly, and then by reconstructing the final forecast from component-wise predictions. But this empirical work remains narrow to a single-asset case type and the benchmark set here. The proposed framework is therefore considered to be a prospective hybrid forecasting design that needs validation across additional assets and forecasting models to achieve wider generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-28eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.172591.2
Nooruldeen A Noori, Mundher A Khaleel, Raghad W Faris
{"title":"Neutrosophic New Odd Weibull-Weibull Distribution with Heart Pulse Count Data Application.","authors":"Nooruldeen A Noori, Mundher A Khaleel, Raghad W Faris","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.172591.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172591.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a new probability distribution known as the \"Neutrosophic New Odd Weibull-Weibull Distribution (NNOWW)\" by combining the proposed New Odd Weibull-Weibull (NOWW) distribution with the neutrosophic logic (the direct method of this logic). The distribution is presented in two theoretical frameworks. The derivation of several main distribution functions, along with their properties, is presented, accompanied by both theoretical and graphical representations of these properties. Parameters are estimated using three different methods, with Monte Carlo simulations conducted for various sample sizes to determine the estimation efficiency and the most suitable sample size for applying the distribution to real data. An applied framework tests its efficiency on real data representing the heart rate of 50 patients. The model was developed within this logic framework to define truth, falsity, and uncertainty in the data. The model was compared with five other neutrosophic distributions using criteria such as AIC, BIC, CAIC, and HQIC. The results showed a clear superiority of the NNOWW model across all indicators, confirming its accuracy and ability to represent uncertain data. Analytical graphs support this superiority. This model is recommended for use in medical fields and for analyzing Neutrosophic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-26eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.176108.2
Yanti Karmila Nengsih, Elih Sudiapermana, Uyu Wahyudin, Joni Rahmat Pramudia, Vina Amilia Suganda M, Resti Yektyastuti, Mahyumi Rantina, Nurul Hayati, Yudan Hermawan, Muhammad Adil Arnady
{"title":"How Parents Perceive Children's Values in Indonesian Families: A Multidimensional and Contextual Analysis.","authors":"Yanti Karmila Nengsih, Elih Sudiapermana, Uyu Wahyudin, Joni Rahmat Pramudia, Vina Amilia Suganda M, Resti Yektyastuti, Mahyumi Rantina, Nurul Hayati, Yudan Hermawan, Muhammad Adil Arnady","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.176108.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.176108.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the relationship between parents perceptions of children's values in Indonesian families, focusing on economic, social, emotional, and religious dimensions. The investigation was based on background factors, such as gender, location of residence, and education level, as well as correlations and regressions between dimensions of children's values. The study participants consisted of 255 parents living in various urban and rural areas in Indonesia. Data were collected using the Children's Values Scale adapted for the Indonesian context. The study findings showed that there were no significant differences in children's perceptions of values based on gender or education level. However, there were significant differences based on location of residence, especially on economic and religious dimensions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between social and emotional dimensions, while a negative relationship was found between economic and emotional dimensions in some contexts. The results of multiple linear regression analysis using the Stepwise method showed that economic and religious dimensions had a significant impact on overall family relationship patterns. This study highlights the importance of understanding the factors that influence parents' perceptions of children's values to support effective and harmonious parenting in Indonesian families.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-26eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.172236.3
Noha Mohammed Saleh, Rawaa AlChalabi, Yasir Issa, Shahad Nassurat
{"title":"Dysregulation of MicroRNA-181a-5p Targets TNFAIP3 to Promote MIF-CXCR4 Signaling and Immune Inflammatory Remodeling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Noha Mohammed Saleh, Rawaa AlChalabi, Yasir Issa, Shahad Nassurat","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.172236.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.172236.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNA-181a-5p target the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) a key negative regulator of NF-κB signaling and affect the levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in chronic myeloid leukamia (CML).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 57 individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 33 healthy individuals. Hematological parameters (Hb, RBCs, WBCs and platelets) were assessed. The serum levels of MIF, TNFAIP3 and CXCR4 were measured using ELISA Technique. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess miR-181a expression. The potential targets and immune associated pathways of miR-181a were predicted using bioinformatics tools including TargetScan, miRTarBase, STRING, DAVID, and Enrichr. Statistical analysis included ROC curve evaluation, Pearson correlation, and t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, CML patients exhibited reduced platelets, Hb and RBC while elevated WBCs recorded. There were significantly elevated serum levels of MIF and CXCR4, and reduced levels of TNFAIP3 (p<0.01) in CML patients compared to control. Moreover, higher miR-181a expression (2.28 fold, p=0.0001) recorded in CML compared to control. Positive correlations were observed between miR-181a expression and both MIF and CXCR4 levels while TNFAIP3 exhibited a reverse correlation. ROC analysis showed that MIF (AUC = 0.873) and CXCR4 (AUC = 0.929) exhibited strong diagnostic performance while TNFAIP3 (AUC = 0.142) and miR-181a-5p (AUC = 0.201) demonstrated weak accuracy consistent with their opposite expression patterns between CML patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study suggested that increased miR-181a expression may be associated with reduced TNFAIP3 levels and modified NF-κB related inflammatory signaling in CML. These findings support the hypothesis in which miR-181a, MIF, and CXCR4 may contribute to immune dysregulation in CML as well as diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"1460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the Features of Diabetic Foot Ulcers among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi Qar, Iraq.","authors":"Adel Gassab Mohammed, Dheyaa Kadhim Al-Waeli, Samih Abed Odhaib, Mahmood Thamer Altemimi","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.150995.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.150995.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 881 participants with T2DM and different types of foot ulcers, who attended a specialized diabetes center. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, biochemical investigations, comorbidities, and treatment regimens were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the cases (96.8%) were due to T2DM, with an average age of 58 years and a mean BMI of 30 kg/m <sup>2</sup>. Participants had elevated serum creatinine, blood urea, and glucose levels, with uncontrolled HbA1c levels. Comorbidities included hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetic neuropathy, and retinopathy. Most participants were on insulin and statins. Diabetic foot ulcers were mainly on the right foot (48%) and classified as Grade 2 in Wagner's system. Some participants had Charcot deformity or stages of amputation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Random plasma glucose levels and diabetic retinopathy were significantly associated with the classification of foot ulcers. Further research is needed to explore additional variables related to T2DM and foot ulcers, emphasizing the importance of glucose control and retinopathy in ulcer classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-25eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.177177.1
Mariano Romero-Torres, Jon Arambarri, Tobias A Parodi-Camano
{"title":"Non‑pharmacological care for early-stage dementia through smart environments in Colombia: a mixed‑methods study and methodological guide for caregivers and patients.","authors":"Mariano Romero-Torres, Jon Arambarri, Tobias A Parodi-Camano","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.177177.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.177177.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dementia is increasing in Latin America, creating demand for non-pharmacological support that can be delivered safely at home. Smart environments and related digital tools may help caregivers and people with early-stage dementia by supporting safety, reminders, and communication. This study assessed needs and acceptability in Colombia and produced a methodological guide for technology selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study. First, a focused evidence synthesis informed a feature catalogue and instrument design. Second, we administered a cross-sectional questionnaire to caregivers and people living with early-stage dementia. Quantitative data were summarised with descriptive statistics and non-parametric group comparisons; open-ended responses were analysed thematically and integrated with the quantitative findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one responses were analysed. Safety-oriented functions (for example, fall detection and geolocation), reminders for activities of daily living, tele-assistance, and cognitive tele-stimulation were the most frequently prioritised. Acceptability was generally higher for low-burden technologies with clear usefulness, and age differences were limited across key comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this sample, smart-environment-enabled non-pharmacological support was feasible and broadly acceptable for early-stage dementia care. The methodological guide emphasises prioritising safety and reminders, reducing interaction burden, and incorporating privacy-by-design. Further studies should validate these findings with larger and more diverse samples and evaluate implementation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F1000ResearchPub Date : 2026-03-20eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.167964.2
Lucien Bickerstaff, Josef Trinkl, Stephan Munkwitz, Manuel Spitschan
{"title":"Sneezing in response to naturalistic bright light exposure.","authors":"Lucien Bickerstaff, Josef Trinkl, Stephan Munkwitz, Manuel Spitschan","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.167964.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.167964.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The photic sneeze reflex (PSR) is a common but underexplored phenomenon where bright light triggers sneezing, affecting ~30% of the population. This study aimed to characterise the light conditions inducing PSR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One male PSR-affected participant logged sneezing events during a 30-day real-world light exposure study. An indoor setup using a multi-primary LED source and an integrating sphere delivered 30-second light stimuli while pupillometric data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 82 sneezing events were recorded, averaging 2.73 sneezes/day (range: 1-6 per event). Illuminance increased tenfold before sneezing, peaking 2 minutes prior, and returned to baseline within 10 minutes. Despite exposure to 150+ stimuli, artificial sneezing was not induced, though high illuminance consistently triggered tickling sensations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sudden increases in environmental lighting can provoke PSR. While artificial stimuli elicited only tickling, further refinement of the protocol could enable reliable PSR induction, thereby facilitating mechanistic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"1134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}