EXCLI Journal最新文献

{"title":"RNA-Seq-based investigation of interferon-mediated antiviral activity of chlorophyll a from Tetraselmis sp.","authors":"Nalae Kang, Eun-A Kim, Yeon-Ji Lee, Seong-Yeong Heo, Jun-Ho Heo, Won-Kyu Lee, Yong-Kyun Ryu, Taeho Kim, Soo-Jin Heo","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-8841","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-8841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tetraselmis</i> sp., a marine microalga amenable to mass cultivation, possesses antiviral properties, partly attributed to chlorophyll a. However, the underlying antiviral mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity and mode of action of chlorophyll a derived from <i>Tetraselmis</i> sp. by performing transcriptomic analyses on three experimental groups: untreated, uninfected cells; Zika virus (ZIKV)-infected cells; and chlorophyll a-treated, ZIKV-infected cells. Treatment with 5 µM chlorophyll a induced differential expression of genes associated with interferon-inducible antiviral responses. Gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment of biological processes such as \"response to external stimulus\" and \"response to biotic stimulus.\" Notably, Venn diagram analysis of 130 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) demonstrated restoration of key interferon-stimulated genes, including interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT)1, IFIT2, IFIT3, and IFIT5, which was further validated by quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry. These findings suggest that chlorophyll a from <i>Tetraselmis</i> sp. exerts antiviral effects primarily through modulation of interferon-mediated pathways. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"150-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why does the world continue to struggle with effectively addressing hepatitis E?","authors":"Henrique Borges da Silva Grisard, Gislaine Fongaro","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-9166","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-9166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxicity of mancozeb-based commercial fungicide in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.","authors":"Evelin G Cuadros-Buenaventura, Lenin Ramírez-Cando, Ronny A Ordoñez Sánchez, Johnny Chimborazo, Santiago J Ballaz","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-9090","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-9090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mancozeb, a polymeric dithiocarbamate complex fungicide with zinc and manganese salts, has the potential to be neurotoxic to humans. Unfortunately, the parent molecule maneb has attracted far too much attention, limiting the available evidence on mancozeb neurotoxicity to preclinical research and non-human cells. We sought to evaluate mancozeb cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells at lower concentrations than those used for maneb in <i>in vitro</i> investigations in order to quantify its risk for humans. Commercial mancozeb showed concentration- and time-dependent neurotoxicity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction test (EC₅₀= 5.9 µM and 1.7 µM at 24 h and 72 h respectively). Using the trypan blue exclusion dye, cell death toll reached around 100% after 24- and 72-hour exposure to mancozeb 1 µM and 0.5 µM respectively. Reactive oxygen species generated by mancozeb, which peaked at 4 µM, could be the cause of cell death. The number and length of neurites were concentration-dependently reduced by mancozeb at sub-µM concentrations, and this was accompanied by changes in cell biomechanical characteristics (stiffness) as determined by atomic force microscopy. The uncertainty factor obtained from our cytotoxic studies, when performing risk assessment of mancozeb, varied from 200 to 2000, which may result in detectable neurotoxicity in humans in accordance with international regulatory agencies recommendations. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"133-149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of nanoparticle-based Toll-like receptor agonists for respiratory immunotherapy.","authors":"Amisha S Raikar, Ananya Verma, Mayuri B Naik, Sweta M Prabhu, Keshav Raj Paudel, Kamal Dua","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-9020","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-9020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory diseases are global health challenges demanding innovative immunotherapy solutions. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in immune responses, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review examines nanoparticle-based Toll-like receptor agonists as a promising approach for respiratory immunotherapy. Nanoparticles offer targeted drug delivery and sustained release, ideal for enhancing TLR agonist efficacy. This article explores TLRs' role in immunomodulation, nanoparticle applications, design considerations, preclinical efficacy, safety assessments, challenges, and future prospects. Promising results from animal studies suggest enhanced immunological responses and reduced inflammation compared to conventional treatments. Safety concerns are addressed with insights from toxicity studies. Challenges include regulatory hurdles and biocompatibility, with strategies proposed for optimization. Nanoparticle-based TLR agonists hold great potential to transform respiratory disease treatment, warranting further research and collaboration for successful clinical translation. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"102-130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden path of mycobacterium: a case series of rare and elusive manifestations of gastrointestinal tuberculosis.","authors":"Nitika Yadav, Abhishek Yadav, Neharica Joshi, Shubhangi Gupta, Yashendra Sethi","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-9040","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-9040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis continues to challenge clinicians with its protean manifestations, particularly when involving the gastrointestinal tract. While ileocecal TB is well-characterized, isolated involvement of the liver, stomach, and esophagus, Duodenum remains exceptionally rare and diagnostically elusive. We describe four rare presentations of gastrointestinal tuberculosis from a tertiary care center in India. Case 1 involves hepatic tuberculosis mimicking intrahepatic cholestasis, diagnosed via liver biopsy and special staining. Case 2A details isolated gastric TB presenting with nonspecific dyspepsia, ultimately diagnosed through endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNAC. Case 2B describes esophageal tuberculosis with bronchoesophageal fistula-an exceedingly rare entity-confirmed radiologically and histologically. Case 2C describes a case of duodenal tuberculosis presenting as partial gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). All cases demonstrated clinical and radiological resolution following standard anti-tubercular therapy. These cases posit the diagnostic complexity of gastrointestinal TB when it involves uncommon sites. Heightened clinical suspicion and timely histopathological confirmation remain key to averting morbidity. Early recognition facilitates successful medical management and obviates unnecessary surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl linolenate suppresses the growth and proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by inducing intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis.","authors":"Azmin Akter, Tasnima Kamal, M Matakabbir Hossain, Abdul Auwal, Khan Mohammad Rashel, Tasfik Ul Haque Pronoy, Asmaulhusna Biswas, Sharmin Akter, Mahmud Ismail, M Rowshanul Habib, Farhadul Islam","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-8865","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-8865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new bioactive compound, methyl linolenate (Methyl-octadeca-9,12,15-trienote), designated as ML, was isolated and purified from <i>Clerodendrum viscosum</i> leaves. Treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells with ML induced cancer growth inhibition dose-dependently, with a maximum cell growth inhibition of 67 % at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg/day (p<0.001). It also inhibits EAC cell volume and tumor weight and increases the survival time of EAC-bearing mice (25 versus 41 days) (p<0.001). In addition, EAC-bearing control mice exhibited a drastic deterioration of blood parameters, and treatment of EAC-bearing mice with ML prevented the deterioration of hematological parameters compared to untreated EAC-bearing mice. Also, ML abrogates angiogenesis by inhibiting the development of new blood vessels in the peritoneum of EAC-bearing mice. ML-treated cells exhibited apoptotic features such as condensed, fragmented nuclear material and cell membrane damage. Expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as <i>p53, Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9</i> was upregulated, whereas anti-apoptotic gene <i>Bcl2</i> was downregulated in ML-treated EAC cells, which indicates the induction of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis of EAC cells. However, as it is a novel anticancer compound showing an antineoplastic effect, inhibiting angiogenesis, and inducing apoptosis in mouse models, thus, using other cellular models and more preclinical and clinical research is essential for further development. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"50-67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic profiling reveals potential biomarkers and underlying signaling pathways involved in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy-improved adolescent depression symptoms.","authors":"Chun-Hua Xu, Bi-Lan Zhang, Chun-Lan Guan, Lin Wang, Shan Chao, He Li, Qiu-Ping Wu, Da-Jin Zhou, Guo-Qing Min, Fan Yang","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-8918","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-8918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) demonstrates significant efficacy in improving depressive symptoms and modulating metabolic profiles. However, the specific metabolite biomarkers and metabolic pathways underlying MBCT's therapeutic effects in adolescent depression remain unclear. This study aims to identify potential metabolite biomarkers and metabolic regulation pathways associated with MBCT improvement of adolescent depression. A global untargeted metabolomics approach was employed to analyze plasma samples from 35 adolescents with depression undergoing MBCT, 35 receiving conventional treatment (CT), and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. MBCT significantly alleviated anxiety and depression symptoms of adolescent patients visualized by SDS, GAD-7, and SCL-90 scores (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed distinct metabolic profile changes in MBCT group compared to CT group, with 203 metabolites significantly upregulated and 186 significantly downregulated in MBCT group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Notably, circulating levels of metabolites such as 10,11-epoxy-3-geranylgeranylindole and paspalicine showed marked increases (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas abundances of arachidonic acid and L-glutamic acid exhibited significant decreases (<i>P</i> < 0.05). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the 186 downregulated metabolites were primarily enriched in pathways such as long-term depression, synaptic vesicle cycle, GnRH signaling, and aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Pearson's correlation analysis suggested that arachidonic acid level changes was significantly correlated with clinical improvement of SDS and SCL-90 scores (adjusted <i>P</i> < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that a combination of five metabolites, including 10,11-epoxy-3-geranylgeranylindole, (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl) glycerol 3-phosphate, paspalicine, FO 2546E, and FO 2546M, exhibited strong predictive potential for MBCT efficacy (AUC = 0.9061). These findings suggested that arachidonic acid involved in the long-term depression pathway may play pivotal roles in MBCT improvement of adolescent depression. This study provides insight into the potential biomarkers and metabolic regulation mechanisms underlying MBCT's therapeutic effects and theoretical guidance for clinical practice in MBCT intervention for adolescent depression. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"68-101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of hub genes associated with sarcopenia: integrative transcriptome insights from an Asian cohort.","authors":"Jae Gyu Kim, Ashish Ranjan Sharma, Yeon-Hee Lee, Min-Jee Kwon, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Jin-Chul Kim, Holger Jahr, Sang-Soo Lee","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-9087","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-9087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leads to frailty, falls, fractures, and delayed recovery following orthopedic surgery. When combined with osteoporosis, it manifests as osteosarcopenia, exacerbating musculoskeletal fragility. Although chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy are recognized contributors, the integrated regulation of these processes in Asian populations remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate molecular mediators and signaling pathways connecting inflammation, autophagy, and muscle-bone degeneration using an integrated clinical-transcriptomic approach. Transcriptomic data (GSE226151) comprising vastus lateralis muscle samples from 20 sarcopenic patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy Asian controls were analyzed using ExDEGA, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) defined by |log₂ fold change| ≥ 1 and FDR < 0.05. Functional enrichment via ShinyGO identified key Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways, while STRING-Cytoscape network analysis revealed four hub genes-ADAM8, BECN1, KLF4, and GBP5-with high connectivity (degree >10) enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt pathways. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis further validated these associations. The expression of these hub genes inversely correlated with skeletal muscle index (r = -0.63 to -0.74; p < 0.01) and grip strength (r = -0.58 to -0.69; p < 0.05). Clinically, sarcopenic individuals exhibited significantly lower BMI, gait speed, and muscle mass (all p < 0.001). Integrating bioinformatics and clinical data identified these four genes as critical mediators linking inflammation, defective autophagy, and musculoskeletal decline in sarcopenia. These findings provide translational insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcopenia and suggest potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve diagnosis and treatment in aging-related musculoskeletal disorders. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"18-34"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-8 and follicular fluid: insights into the mechanisms of endometriosis development.","authors":"A T Heinrich, A L Terres-Wurtz, E Vacca, K E Tagscherer, B Linek, S Gebhard, A Hasenburg, W Brenner, R Schwab","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-8885","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-8885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition characterised by the growth of endometrial-like tissue both within the muscular layer of the uterus and outside of it, affecting 10-15 % of women of reproductive age. This study investigated the role of the surrounding environment, specifically the potential role of follicular fluid (FF) and particularly its cytokine IL-8, in the growth and invasiveness of endometrial epithelial cells. Using the epithelial-like endometriotic cell line 12Z, we analysed cell viability and migration after exposure to three different FF pools at various dilutions. Our results demonstrated that FF increased cell viability, with the most significant effects at a 50 % (v/v) dilution after 24 h. Moreover, FF treatment reduced cell migration, while FF as a chemoattractant induced increased chemotactic cell migration, especially with pool FF1 as a chemoattractant. This FF pool contained the highest IL-8 concentration. Like FF, IL-8 showed a strong chemotactic effect, significantly reduced by inhibiting IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, confirming IL-8's role in chemotaxis. FF treatment induced the EMT marker N-cadherin and enhanced E-cadherin, indicating a hybrid cell EMT state. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that FF, particularly through IL-8 signalling, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by enhancing cell viability and influencing migration. These findings provide insights into how the local microenvironment contributes to disease progression. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eculizumab in treatment for complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy associated with acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Shruti Shettigar, Rutvikkumar Jadvani, Dwij Doshi, Chintan V Shah","doi":"10.17179/excli2025-8881","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2025-8881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"24 ","pages":"1802-1803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}