EXCLI Journal最新文献

{"title":"AI is revolutionizing biomedical research, but are there any negatives?","authors":"Bor Luen Tang","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1226-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of peripheral artery disease patients: implications for early therapeutic interventions.","authors":"Dylan Wilburn, Emma Fletcher, Evlampia Papoutsi, William T Bohannon, Gleb Haynatzki, Bernd Zechmann, Yuqian Tian, Iraklis I Pipinos, Dimitrios Miserlis, Panagiotis Koutakis","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7592","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic condition that impairs blood flow to the lower extremities, resulting in myopathy in affected skeletal muscles. Improving our understanding of PAD and developing novel treatment strategies necessitates a comprehensive examination of cellular structural alterations that occur in the muscles with disease progression. Here we aimed to employ electron microscopy to quantify skeletal muscle ultrastructural alterations responsible for the myopathy of PAD. Fifty-two participants (22 controls, 10 PAD Stage II, and 20 PAD Stage IV) were enrolled. Gastrocnemius biopsies were obtained to determine mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress. Skeletal muscle sarcomere, mitochondria, lipid droplets, and sarcoplasm were assessed using transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Controls and PAD Stage II patients underwent walking performance tests: 6-minute walking test, 4-minute walking velocity, and maximum graded treadmill test. We identified several prominent ultrastructural modifications in PAD gastrocnemius, including reduced sarcomere dimensions, alterations in mitochondria number and localization, myofibrillar disorientation, changes in lipid droplets, and modifications in mitochondria-lipid droplet contact area. These changes correlated with impaired mitochondrial respiration and increased ROS production. We observed progressive deterioration in mitochondrial parameters across PAD stages. Stage II PAD showed impaired mitochondrial function and structure, while stage IV exhibited further deterioration, more pronounced structural alterations, and a decrease in mitochondrial content. The walking performance of Stage II PAD patients was significantly reduced. Our findings suggest that pathological mitochondria play a key role in the skeletal muscle dysfunction of PAD patients and represent an important target for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving clinical and functional outcomes in this patient population. Our data indicate that treatments should be implemented early and may include therapies designed to preserve and enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, optimize mitochondrial-lipid droplet interactions, or mitigate oxidative stress. <b>Translational Perspective</b>: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by skeletal muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle myofibers and mitochondria morphology can provide significant information on the PAD pathophysiology. Here, we investigated skeletal muscle and mitochondria morphological and functional changes at the sarcomere level and across the disease progression and have found that sarcomere lengths and mitochondria count and function are associated with disease progression, indicating loss of skeletal muscle contractile and metabolic function. Ultrastructural changes in the PAD skeletal muscle can provide significant information in the dev","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1208-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized therapeutic potential of Sijunzi-similar formulae for chronic atrophic gastritis via Bayesian network meta-analysis.","authors":"Meilan Huang, Shiman Luo, Jiayue Yang, Huiling Xiong, Xiaohua Lu, Xiao Ma, Jinhao Zeng, Thomas Efferth","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is considered as a significant risk factor for triggering gastric cancer incidence, if not effectively treated. <i>Sijunzi</i> decoction (SD) is a well-known classic formula for treating gastric disorders, and <i>Sijunzi</i>-similar formulae (SF) derived from SD have also been highly regarded by Chinese clinical practitioners for their effectiveness in treating chronic atrophic gastritis. Currently, there is a lack of meta-analysis for these formulae, leaving unclear which exhibits optimal efficacy. Therefore, we employed Bayesian network meta-analysis (BNMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SF as an intervention for CAG and to establish a scientific foundation for the clinical utilization of SF. The result of meta-analysis demonstrated that the combination of SF and basic therapy outperformed basic therapy alone in terms of clinical efficacy rate, eradication rate of H. pylori, and incidence of adverse events. As indicated by the SUCRA value, <i>Chaishao Liujunzi</i> decoction (CLD) demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing clinical effectiveness and ameliorating <i>H. pylori</i> infection, and it also showed remarkable effectiveness in minimizing the occurrence of adverse events. Comprehensive analysis of therapeutic efficacy suggests that CLD is most likely the optimal choice among these six formulations, holding potential value for optimizing clinical treatment strategies. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1185-1207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitfalls in the use of sex chromosome sequence markers for internal quality control of next-generation sequencing.","authors":"Danielle Patchell, Stephen E Langabeer","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7387","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1183-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI illuminates paths in oral cancer: transformative insights, diagnostic precision, and personalized strategies.","authors":"Devesh U Kapoor, Pushpendra Kumar Saini, Narendra Sharma, Ankul Singh, Bhupendra G Prajapati, Gehan M Elossaily, Summya Rashid","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7253","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral cancer retains one of the lowest survival rates worldwide, despite recent therapeutic advancements signifying a tenacious challenge in healthcare. Artificial intelligence exhibits noteworthy potential in escalating diagnostic and treatment procedures, offering promising advancements in healthcare. This review entails the traditional imaging techniques for the oral cancer treatment. The role of artificial intelligence in prognosis of oral cancer including predictive modeling, identification of prognostic factors and risk stratification also discussed significantly in this review. The review also encompasses the utilization of artificial intelligence such as automated image analysis, computer-aided detection and diagnosis integration of machine learning algorithms for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment. The customizing treatment approaches for oral cancer through artificial intelligence based personalized medicine is also part of this review. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1091-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> approaches supporting drug repurposing for Leishmaniasis: a scoping review.","authors":"Gustavo Scheiffer, Karime Zeraik Abdalla Domingues, Daniela Gorski, Alexandre de Fátima Cobre, Raul Edison Luna Lazo, Helena Hiemisch Lobo Borba, Luana Mota Ferreira, Roberto Pontarolo","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7552","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shortage of treatment options for leishmaniasis, especially those easy to administer and viable for deployment in the world's poorest regions, highlights the importance of employing these strategies to cost-effectively investigate repurposing candidates. This scoping review aims to map the studies using <i>in silico</i> methodologies for drug repurposing against leishmaniasis. This study followed JBI recommendations for scoping reviews. Articles were searched on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to leishmaniasis and <i>in silico</i> methods for drug discovery, without publication date restrictions. The selection was based on primary studies involving computational methods for antileishmanial drug repurposing. Information about methodologies, obtained data, and outcomes were extracted. After the full-text appraisal, 34 studies were included in this review. Molecular docking was the preferred method for evaluating repurposing candidates (n=25). Studies reported 154 unique ligands and 72 different targets, sterol 14-alpha demethylase and trypanothione reductase being the most frequently reported. <i>In silico</i> screening was able to correctly pinpoint some known active pharmaceutical classes and propose previously untested drugs. Fifteen drugs investigated <i>in silico</i> exhibited low micromolar inhibition (IC₅₀ < 10 µM) of <i>Leishmania</i> spp. <i>in vitro</i>. In conclusion, several <i>in silico</i> repurposing candidates are yet to be investigated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Future research could expand the number of targets screened and employ advanced methods to optimize drug selection, offering new starting points for treatment development. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1117-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in cartilage tissue regeneration: a review of stem cell therapies, tissue engineering, biomaterials, and clinical trials.","authors":"Julia Skoracka, Kaja Bajewska, Maciej Kulawik, Wiktoria Suchorska, Katarzyna Kulcenty","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7088","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage tissue, characterized by its limited regenerative capacity, presents significant challenges in clinical therapy. Recent advancements in cartilage regeneration have focused on integrating stem cell therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and advanced modeling techniques to overcome existing limitations. Stem cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold promise for cartilage repair due to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the key cells responsible for cartilage formation. Tissue engineering approaches, including 3D models, organ-on-a-chip systems, and organoids, offer innovative methods to mimic natural tissue microenvironments and evaluate potential treatments. MSC-based techniques, such as cell sheet tissue engineering, address challenges associated with traditional therapies, including cell availability and culture difficulties. Furthermore, advancements in 3D bioprinting enable the fabrication of complex tissue structures, while organ-on-a-chip systems provide microfluidic platforms for disease modeling and physiological mimicry. Organoids serve as simplified models of organs, capturing some complexity and enabling the monitoring of pathophysiological aspects of cartilage diseases. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of integrating stem cell therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and advanced modeling techniques to improve cartilage regeneration and pave the way for more effective clinical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1170-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of miR-134-5p in 7-ketocholesterol-induced human aortic endothelial dysfunction.","authors":"Kind-Leng Tong, Ahmad Syadi Mahmood Zuhdi, Pooi-Fong Wong","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7342","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In our previous study, a panel of miRNA including miR-134-5p was deregulated in young acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. However, the roles of these ACS-associated miRNAs in endothelial dysfunction, an early event preceding atherosclerosis, remain to be investigated. In the present study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) to induce endothelial dysfunction. Following treatment with 20 μg/ml 7-KC, miR-134-5p was significantly up-regulated and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was suppressed. Endothelial barrier disruption was evidenced by the deregulation of adhesion molecules including the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), down-regulation of VE-cadherin, up-regulation of adhesion molecules (E-selectin and ICAM-1), increased expression of inflammatory genes (<i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i> and <i>COX2</i>) and AKT activation. Knockdown of miR-134-5p in 7-KC-treated HAECs attenuated the suppression of eNOS, the activation of AKT, the down-regulation of VE-cadherin and the up-regulation of E-selectin. In addition, the interaction between miR-134-5p and <i>FOXM1</i> mRNA was confirmed by the enrichment of <i>FOXM1</i> transcripts in the pull-down miRNA-mRNA complex. Knockdown of miR-134-5p increased <i>FOXM1</i> expression whereas transfection with mimic miR-134-5p decreased FOXM1 protein expression. In summary, the involvement of an ACS-associated miRNA, miR-134-5p in endothelial dysfunction was demonstrated. Findings from this study could pave future investigations into utilizing miRNAs as a supplementary tool in ACS diagnosis or as targets for the development of therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1073-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the rise of Fusarium meningitis: perspective on the insights and therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Muhammad Shaheer Bin Faheem, Omer Farooq","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1071-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening avenue for the targeted treatment of lung cancer using xanthohumol loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.","authors":"Shubham Singh, Sangeeta Saxena, Himani Sharma, Gaurav Gupta, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"1068-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}