{"title":"Patient-relevance of outcome measures in breast cancer clinical trials: a cross-sectional comparative analysis of patient preferences and trials conducted between 2014 and 2024.","authors":"Jasmijn Plooij, Diana M J Delnoij","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2467379","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2467379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, many clinical trials are performed using clinical outcomes and surrogate outcomes as endpoints. Surrogate outcomes are used, for instance, if there is not enough follow-up time to measure the outcome of interest. Surrogate outcomes might not be patient-relevant, however. This study assesses to what extent patient-relevant outcomes are measured in clinical trials for breast cancer drugs.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted in which patient preferences for outcomes derived from the literature were compared to outcomes measured in phase III breast cancer trials conducted between 2014 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients prefer outcomes addressing survival benefits, treatment effectiveness, adverse events and health-related quality of life. Minor improvements in survival benefits are greatly valued. The majority of patients are willing to accept some side effects for a positive outcome. The primary outcome used most frequently in trials is progression-free survival. The most common secondary outcomes are adverse events, mortality, overall response rate, and health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phase III trial outcomes appear to align largely with breast cancer patients' preferences. Nevertheless, patients and trial designers emphasize different outcomes. Improvement is therefore needed to enhance the relevance of trial data for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"737-742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of comprehensive public hospital reform on economic burden of inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence from a pilot city in western China.","authors":"Yanghaotian Wu, Jingfu Qiu","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2480123","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2480123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Chinese government launched a comprehensive reform of public hospitals, including a zero-markup drug policy (ZMDP) and adjustments to the price compensation mechanism for medical services. We aimed to assess the impact of the reform on economic burden for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inpatients.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Health care institutions were selected using judgmental sampling. Structural variation analysis was conducted to assess changes in the cost structure. An interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate level and trend changes in medical costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the reform, the total cost, western medicine cost, and traditional Chinese medicine cost per visit decreased significantly, with monthly downward trends (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The proportion of western medicine cost decreased by 5.59%, but remained the main composition (31.78%). The health insurance payments, out-of-pocket (OOP) cost per visit, and OOP cost proportion decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The health insurance payments per visit showed a monthly downward trend (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the decline in OOP cost per visit extended (<i>p</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reform reduced the economic burden of COPD inpatients, optimized the cost structure and improved the efficiency of health insurance utilization. However, the short-term substitution effect of medical services on medicines weakened the cost-reduction effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"769-779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prisca Proietti, Ilaria Ruotolo, Alessandra Carlizza, Alessandro Ugolini, Giovanni Galeoto, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Sellitto
{"title":"Psychometric properties of outcome measures for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Prisca Proietti, Ilaria Ruotolo, Alessandra Carlizza, Alessandro Ugolini, Giovanni Galeoto, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Sellitto","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2477473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2477473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated validated tools for assessing FOG in PD, focusing on their psychometric properties, linguistic adaptations, and methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, following PRISMA-COSMIN guidelines. Studies assessing validity, reliability, and cross-cultural adaptation of FOG-specific tools were included. Key psychometric properties, such as internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC), were extracted. The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was used to assess methodological quality, and meta-analyses were performed for comparable studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six validated tools were identified, with FOG-Q and NFOG-Q emerging as the most robust. Meta-analysis showed high internal consistency (FOG-Q: α = 0.90; NFOG-Q: α = 0.87-0.89) and test-retest reliability (FOG-Q ICC = 0.87), though substantial heterogeneity was noted (I² = 71.1-86.4%). Emerging tools, including CFOG-Q, Ziegler test, and DYPAGS, addressed cognitive and dual-tasking aspects but lacked linguistic validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOG-Q and NFOG-Q remain widely used, yet NFOG-Q may have limitations in detecting small clinical changes. Broader linguistic adaptations are needed, and emerging tools hold promise for multidimensional assessment. Future research should integrate subjective and objective measures for comprehensive evaluations.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42020173873).</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"647-659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Bobinac, Luka Vončina, Ismar Velić, Elizabeta Ribarić, Vanesa Benković
{"title":"Indication-based pricing of the pharmaceuticals in Croatia: case-study.","authors":"Ana Bobinac, Luka Vončina, Ismar Velić, Elizabeta Ribarić, Vanesa Benković","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2478232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2478232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rising pharmaceutical expenditure worldwide, including in Croatia, is putting considerable pressure on healthcare budgets. Oncology drugs, often used in several indications with varying efficacy, contribute to this challenge, and a single price is paid regardless of the indication. This study investigates whether indication-based pricing (IBP), a method of pricing the same drug for different indications based on its relative value in different treatment applications, could be a potential solution to contain drug expenditure.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We operationalized IBP in two ways: by anchoring all drug prices according to the indication that provides the most or least benefit, and second, by anchoring drug prices to a cost-effectiveness threshold estimated for Croatia. We also interviewed policymakers in Croatia to determine whether they are familiar with the problem of differential effectiveness of medicines with multiple indications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Applying IBP to the oncology drug abiraterone in three indications, as measured by life-years gained (LYGs) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), shows the effectiveness of abiraterone varies considerably by indication. Depending on the IBP approach chosen, drug prices can be reduced by 74% or increased by up to 280%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drug prices can vary dramatically depending on the IBP approach chosen.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"761-768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francis C Dehle, Kevin Phan, Jerome Higgins, Kate Applegarth, Manoj Gambhir, Colman B Taylor
{"title":"Evaluating the accuracy of extrapolated overall survival for pembrolizumab: a comparison with long-term observed data in the Australian reimbursement context.","authors":"Francis C Dehle, Kevin Phan, Jerome Higgins, Kate Applegarth, Manoj Gambhir, Colman B Taylor","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2478234","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2478234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decisions about government funding for new medicines often rely on statistical models to predict how long patients will live (overall survival, OS) based on early trial data. This study compared the accuracy of these predictions for the cancer drug pembrolizumab, using models preferred by pharmaceutical companies (Sponsors) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC), compared to real-world long-term follow-up (LTFU) data.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We reviewed publicly available PBAC summary documents (PSDs) for all funding decisions on pembrolizumab up to November 2022. We included cases with at least three years of follow-up data and where at least 350 patients per year would be treated. We then compared survival predictions from PBAC and Sponsor models to actual survival data at two time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total over 38 PSDs covering 15 indications, five met our criteria. Sponsor-preferred models underestimated real survival by 0.54% to 16.45%, while PBAC-preferred models underestimated survival by 1.20% to 24.21%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results demonstrate that OS extrapolation methods used by both the Sponsor and PBAC tend to underestimate long-term survival outcomes for pembrolizumab indications, with PBAC-preferred methods being more conservative.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"743-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of trilaciclib for reducing the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression among patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in China.","authors":"Nan Fang, Xuan Xia, Xiaoning He","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2478241","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2478241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) is the most common adverse event associated with chemotherapy. The recently approved novel pharmacotherapy trilaciclib demonstrates potential to provide multilineage protection against CIM. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of trilaciclib among patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in China.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A short-term Markov model and long-term partitioned survival model were developed to simulate disease progression during and after chemotherapy over a lifetime horizon. Clinical, cost, and utility parameters were obtained from three pivotal clinical trials of trilaciclib, published literature, and expert opinion. Total cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Scenario analyses and sensitivity analyses assessed model robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lifetime incremental cost per patient for trilaciclib was CN¥22,828 (US$3,210), with an incremental QALY of 0.093, yielding an ICER of CN¥245,841 (US$34,565) per QALY gained. This ICER falls below China's willingness-to-pay threshold of three times per-capita GDP (CN¥268,074, US$37,691). Extensive sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the base-case findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trilaciclib represents a cost-effective option for reducing the incidence of CIM in ES-SCLC patients. These results support reimbursement decisions and pricing strategies for trilaciclib in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"751-760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matching-adjusted indirect comparison and cost-effectiveness of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome versus Chidamide in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma in China.","authors":"Ying Liu, Xiaoning He","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2482667","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2482667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome (PLM60) is a novel liposome formulation, approved in China for the treatment of patients diagnosed with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (R/R PTCL). This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of PLM60 versus chidamide (CS055) in R/R PTCL from the Chinese healthcare perspective.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted a cost-utility analysis using a partitioned survival model with a 5-year horizon, applying a 5% discount rate to both costs and health outcomes. Owing to the lack of head-to-head comparison between the two drugs, we employed an unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) to estimate relative efficacy and safety outcomes. Utility values and costs were obtained from published literature and clinical expert consultations. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the base case analysis, PLM60 saved Chinese Yuan 77,397 (226,075 vs. 303,472) and gained an additional 0.10 (1.30 vs. 1.20) quality-adjusted life years compared to CS055, making it the strongly dominant treatment option. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PLM60 was estimated to be a cost-effective treatment for R/R PTCL compared with CS055 from a Chinese healthcare perspective, which provided patients with an effective and cost-saving treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"795-804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Garcia-Ubbelohde, Lia Pizzicato, Keith J Boesen, Swapna Munnangi, Liucheng Shi, Nicholas B Hurst, Mitchell DeKoven
{"title":"Cost comparison of F(ab')<sub>2</sub> and Fab antivenoms for pit viper envenomation in the United States: a real-world analysis.","authors":"Walter Garcia-Ubbelohde, Lia Pizzicato, Keith J Boesen, Swapna Munnangi, Liucheng Shi, Nicholas B Hurst, Mitchell DeKoven","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2462236","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2462236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and cost among patients treated for pit viper envenomation with Fab or F(ab')<sub>2</sub> antivenom in the United States.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Patients administered Fab or F(ab')<sub>2</sub> between January 2019 and September 2022 were identified from IQVIA's New Data Warehouse and placed into two mutually exclusive cohorts. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for baseline differences between cohorts. All-cause HCRU and cost were assessed in the 6-months following antivenom administration (post-index) and compared between IPTW-adjusted cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 242 and 98 patients receiving Fab and F(ab')<sub>2</sub> were identified, respectively. Pre-IPTW adjustment, cohorts differed on demographics and select comorbidities (standardized mean difference [SMD] ≥0.10). Post-IPTW, most variables were balanced (SMD < 0.01). Post-index total (Fab: $70,994; F(ab')<sub>2</sub>: $55,324), medical ($69,162; $52,339), and inpatient costs ($49,466; $29,730) were higher among Fab than F(ab')<sub>2</sub> patients (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, the total (cost ratio [CR]: 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-0.98), inpatient (CR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.51-0.79), and inpatient pharmacy costs (CR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33-0.68) were lower in the F(ab')<sub>2</sub> than Fab cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients administered Fab had higher post-index total, inpatient, and inpatient pharmacy costs than patients administered F(ab')<sub>2</sub> AV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"721-728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive economic value evaluation of adding tislelizumab to first-line chemotherapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in China.","authors":"Shan Zhao, Shuo Kang","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2483423","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2483423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) was uncleared yet. The current analysis aimed to evaluate the cost-effective of adding tislelizumab to the first-line chemotherapy for patients with untreated ES-SCLC from the Chinese health-care system perspective.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A partitioned survival model that simulated 3-week patients transition in 10-year time horizon was established to evaluate the economic value. The clinical benefit and safety data were gathered from the RATIONALE-312 trial, model parameters were gathered from the local charges and previously published studies. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the model outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy could bring additional 0.61 LYs and 0.30 QALYs with the marginal cost of $5,849.40, resulting in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $19,592.08 per additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of the model results for both intention-to-treat patients and all subgroup patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy could be considered cost-effective first-line therapy for patients with untreated ES-SCLC patients compared with chemotherapy alone from the perspective of Chinese health-care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"805-811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tong Liu, Yao Yao, Bingjie Liu, Xue Teng, Mei Dong, Xin Zhang
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.","authors":"Tong Liu, Yao Yao, Bingjie Liu, Xue Teng, Mei Dong, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2509706","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2509706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We first evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab as the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer from healthcare system perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A partitioned survival model was developed to assess the costs and effects of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). The evaluation of the Chinese healthcare payer perspective was performed across a lifetime horizon, encompassing direct medical expenses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated cost for FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab treatment was 9306.364USD, which was higher than 8218.436 USD estimated for mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, leading to an ICER of 1961.857 USD per QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis suggested the body surface area (BSA), the cost of irinotecan, and the cost of fluorouracil had the largest impact on the ICER. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed the probability of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab being cost-effective was100% at a threshold of 12 300 USD per QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab had an economic advantage compared to mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab as the first-line treatment of metastatic CRC in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}