Experimental Dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Large-Scale Cohort Study on the Genetic and Phenotypic Findings of Palmoplantar Keratodermas in the Chinese Population","authors":"Xinyi Wang,&nbsp;Weiwei Sun,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Yumeng Wang,&nbsp;Mingyang Li,&nbsp;Hongsong Ge,&nbsp;Luyao Zheng,&nbsp;Qiaoyu Cao,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Shucui Wang,&nbsp;Anqi Zhao,&nbsp;Chaonan Pan,&nbsp;Yibin Zeng,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1111/exd.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogeneous group of skin diseases, characterised by excessive keratinization and hyperplasia of the palms and soles. However, accurate molecular diagnosis remains challenging due to the low prevalence of hereditary forms. This study analysed the phenotype and genotype distribution in a large cohort of Chinese patients with PPK, aiming to clarify the genetic aetiology and genotype–phenotype correlations. We further validated the pathogenicity of biallelic <i>SERPINA12</i> variants identified in four patients. A total of 424 patients with PPK were enrolled from 2010 to 2023. Of these, 97.6% (414/424) presented with diffuse PPK, predominantly Nagashima-type PPK (NPPK), with rare cases of Olmsted, Meleda and Bothnia types. Focal PPK accounted for 1.4%, with less than 1% for striate and punctate types, respectively. Genetic testing was performed in 380 patients. Overall, 328 patients harboured pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants to achieve definite molecular diagnosis; none carried only variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and the remaining 52 patients had no candidate disease-associated variants identified. All patients underwent testing with an in-house customised <i>SERPINB7</i> gene hotspot panel test for c.796C&gt;T, c.522_523insT, c.806_818delinsT and c.650_653delCTGT variants. In 80% (304/380) patients, hotspot variants in <i>SERPINB7</i> were identified, with c.796C&gt;T (77%) and c.522_523insT (16%) being the most frequent. Patients not diagnosed with a hotspot variant further underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES), which identified confirmed pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants in <i>TRPV3</i> (c.1246C&gt;T, c.1703G&gt;A, c.1247G&gt;A), <i>AQP5</i> (c.530 T&gt;A, c.367A&gt;T), <i>SLURP1</i> (c.154A&gt;G), <i>KRT9</i> (c.1373 T&gt;C), <i>KRT6A</i> (c.947G&gt;C) and <i>KRT16</i> (c.379C&gt;T). In addition, three recurrent <i>SERPINA12</i> variants were identified, enriching the gene spectrum of diffuse PPK. This study established the largest cohort of patients with <i>SERPINB7</i> variants reported to date, identifying that NPPK is the predominant subtype among Chinese populations. Variants in <i>SERPINA12</i> are likely correlated with diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, consistent with the clinical manifestations of NPPK. Additionally, a diagnostic panel targeting ancestral <i>SERPINB7</i> founder variants would markedly improve the molecular diagnostic yield in Chinese patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevotella copri Exacerbates Psoriasis Through Keratinocyte-Neutrophil Crosstalk via NF-κB Activation.","authors":"Meijunzi Luo, Jie Gao, Yujin Zhang, Di Long, Yi Pan, Yining Yan, Rong Zhou, Maolin Jiang, Biyin Wang, Yawen Chen, Haizhen Wang","doi":"10.1111/exd.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder driven by systemic immune dysregulation and recent studies have implicated the gut-skin axis in its pathogenesis. However, the specific role of individual gut microbes remains poorly understood. In this study, the impact of Prevotella copri (P. copri) on psoriasis development was examined and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. In an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model, oral administration of P. copri exacerbated skin inflammation, increased epidermal thickness, promoted neutrophil infiltration and aggravated disease severity. In vitro, stimulation with P. copri enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory responses, thereby activating co-cultured neutrophils. These effects were associated with activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of p65 and upregulation of inflammasome components. The inhibition of NF-κB signalling attenuated P. copri-induced keratinocyte hyperproliferation, neutrophil activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Our findings suggest that P. copri promotes psoriasis progression via NF-κB-mediated keratinocyte-neutrophil crosstalk, potentially through a gut-derived systemic inflammatory mechanism. Targeting the gut-skin axis and NF-κB pathway may offer new therapeutic opportunities for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative CRFF-OCT Imaging Features for Characterization of Disease Activity in Non-Segmental Vitiligo: A Machine Learning-Assisted Study.","authors":"Chau Yee Ng, I-Ling Chen, Yi-Ting Chen, Feng-Ling Tsai, Hsing Cheng, Ling Huang, Yen-Lin Huang, Tsung-Fu Tsai, Sheng-Ni Chen, Yi-Ching Lai","doi":"10.1111/exd.70309","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune pigmentary disorder characterized by progressive melanocyte loss and unpredictable activity. Objective of disease activity remains challenging, particularly in lesions with subtle clinical changes Cellular-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (CRFF-OCT) enables non-invasive, high-resolution, histology-like visualization of skin microstructure. This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating CRFF-OCT with machine learning-assisted quantitative analysis for imaging-based characterization of active and stable vitiligo lesions. Fifty patients with non-segmental vitiligo were prospectively enrolled (2021-2022). CRFF-OCT imaging was performed on lesional, perilesional, and normal-appearing skin within the same anatomical region. Quantitative features describing epidermal structure, dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) morphology, and pigment-associated reflectivity were extracted. A machine learning-assisted computer-aided detection (CADe) framework incorporating 13 features was developed for image-level classification of lesion activity. CRFF-OCT imaging demonstrated distinct microstructural patterns between active and stable lesions. Basal epidermal pigment-associated reflectivity was significantly lower in stable lesions compared with active lesions (9.94% ± 10.06% vs. 21.84% ± 11.08%), with corresponding differences in lesion-to-normal reflectivity ratios (0.21 vs. 0.56). Quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in epidermal thickness, DEJ associated reflectivity, inter-layer contrast, and reflectivity heterogeneity. Among the 13 extracted features, 9 differed significantly between groups and were incorporated into classification models. The CADe framework achieved a maximum image-level classification accuracy of 80.6% using a support vector machine model. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of CRFF-OCT-based quantitative imaging for objective characterization of vitiligo lesion status and support its potential role in disease activity assessment and longitudinal monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment With Ashwagandha-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles Up-Regulates VEGF-A Production and Promotes Human Hair Growth Ex Vivo.","authors":"Alizée Le Riche, Janina Nienhaus, Marta Silva E Sousa, Hanieh Erdmann, Ilaria Piccini, Luisa Z Collins, Richard Barfoot, Pedro L Oseliero-Filho, Deepikka Senthilkumar, Meiyappan Lakshmanan, Marta Bertolini, Janin Edelkamp, Giorgio Dell'Acqua","doi":"10.1111/exd.70315","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human-derived exosomes show promise for hair loss treatment but may pose safety concerns, including inflammatory responses and pathogen transmission. Here, we investigated whether plant-derived exosomes, whose isolation can be standardized, and which show lower compositional complexity and no immunogenicity, represent a valid alternative. We isolated and characterized exosome-like nanovesicles from the Ashwagandha plant (Ash-ELNs), which is traditionally used to relieve stress, and pre-clinically explored their hair growth-promoting potential. Multi-omic approaches demonstrated low variations in the content of seven different Ash-ELN preparations, and cellular vesicle uptake was confirmed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In a scratch assay of human dermal papilla fibroblasts (HDPCs), Ash-ELNs significantly increased the production/secretion of the hair growth promoters VEGF-A, PLGF1, FGF2 and LIF. Application of Ash-ELNs to healthy human microdissected hair follicles significantly prolonged anagen and increased hair shaft production, while hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and -apoptosis remained unaltered. Ash-ELNs significantly upregulated VEGF-A protein expression in the bulb mesenchyme, corroborating our in vitro results. Finally, Ash-ELNs promoted tubulogenesis in an HDF-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) assay, suggesting VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis as a possible mechanism underlying the anagen promoting effect of Ash-ELN. Thus, Ash-ELN treatment offers a novel adjuvant strategy or non-drug agent to reduce hair shedding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Proteogenomics and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Prioritize Putative Protective Plasma Proteins for Hidradenitis Suppurativa.","authors":"Yuzhe Cheng, Jingyi Ma, Jun Niu","doi":"10.1111/exd.70332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Translating hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) genetic susceptibility into actionable targets remains challenging, as most genome-wide association study loci lie in non-coding regions and tissue-level transcriptomics cannot easily distinguish causal drivers from secondary inflammation. In this study, we aimed to prioritize plasma proteins whose genetically predicted levels are causally associated with HS risk and to localize them within human skin at single-cell resolution. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using cis-pQTL instruments for 2923 plasma proteins from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project against HS summary statistics from FinnGen R12. Following multiple-testing correction and Bayesian colocalization with a prior-sensitivity grid, the intersection of false-discovery rate (FDR)-significant MR with colocalization evidence (PP.H₄ ≥ 0.5) yielded three putative protective candidates: TNFRSF6B (OR = 0.748, 95% CI 0.666-0.840; PP.H₄ = 0.648), FCRL2 (OR = 0.896, 95% CI 0.819-0.979; PP.H₄ = 0.550), and APOD (OR = 0.789, 95% CI 0.647-0.963; PP.H₄ = 0.503). All sensitivity MR tests were concordant. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis localized FCRL2 and APOD to specific cell populations. FCRL2 was predominantly expressed in B cells and NK cells, while APOD showed multi-cellular expression across cornified keratinocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, TNFRSF6B was below the skin detection threshold, supporting its biological role as a circulating decoy receptor. Together, our integrated proteogenomic and single-cell approach prioritizes TNFRSF6B, FCRL2, and APOD as putative protective plasma proteins for HS, with TNFRSF6B emerging as the most genetically robust candidate for future translational follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a Modified Pain-Induced Stress White Hair Model.","authors":"Xunhong Xu, Shenhua Wu, Yarui Zhang, Qimei Chen, Hao Zhang, Chenhui Guo, Yijun Xu, Fang Yan, Jingjing Yang, Xuan Wang, Xueer Wang, Min Zhang, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1111/exd.70319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a key tool for modelling pain-induced white hair because it induces an acute pain-related stress response. However, the specific dosage, injection method, and localization of white hair formation remain unclear. We aimed to investigate RTX application to establish a more stable mouse model of pain-induced stress-associated premature greying using a multidimensional approach. The effects of sex, age, RTX dose, depilation, and injection method on white hair location and area were investigated. Melanin granules and tyrosine-related protein 2 (TRP2)-positive cells in hair follicles were detected using histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RTX at 90 μg/kg induced the largest and most stable white hair area without inducing mortality. Male mice exhibited a higher proportion of white hair area compared to females. The proportion of white hair area was higher in 4-week-old male mice than in other age groups. Total and central activity distance ratios decreased in the open-field tests. Weight gain slowed significantly. Haematoxylin and eosin and Fontana-Masson staining revealed fewer melanin granules in the hair follicles and root areas of white hair. Immunofluorescence analysis showed a reduced TRP2-positive cell count in white hair follicles. A model of pain-induced hair depigmentation in 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of RTX at 90 μg/kg. Wax hair removal on day 14 accelerated white hair formation, resulting in a stable white hair area with reduced melanin granules in the follicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STING Drives CD4⁺T Cell Differentiation via JAK-STAT Signalling in Bullous Pemphigoid.","authors":"Weiwei Jiang, Mengke Sun, Junchen He, Tianxue Wang, Tao Guo, Lizhi Hu","doi":"10.1111/exd.70328","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease with an increasing incidence in recent years; however, the underlying immune regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. As a critical signalling hub linking innate and adaptive immunity, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases and may regulate tissue inflammation and immune homeostasis through modulation of CD4⁺ T cell responses. In this study, we found that STING expression was significantly increased in lesional skin tissues from patients with BP compared with healthy controls. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells from BP patients were primarily enriched in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, T cell activation and differentiation, and type I interferon (IFN-I)-related pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of STING markedly attenuated the aberrant activation of these signalling pathways. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the mRNA levels of STING1, JAK1, and CXCR5 were significantly elevated in BP patients, whereas treatment with the STING inhibitor C176 suppressed the expression of these molecules. Collectively, our findings suggest that STING may contribute to BP immunopathogenesis by regulating the JAK-STAT signalling axis and promoting abnormal CD4⁺ T cell activation and differentiation, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BP and identifying potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":"e70328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"52nd Annual Meeting of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Forschung (ADF)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/exd.70286","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Bullous Pemphigoid Patients With Psoriasis Comorbidity: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Li Lei,&nbsp;Guirong Liang,&nbsp;Hanmei Zhang,&nbsp;Yizhen He,&nbsp;Ke Jing,&nbsp;Suo Li,&nbsp;Zhiliang Li,&nbsp;Takashi Hashimoto,&nbsp;Suying Feng","doi":"10.1111/exd.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the recognized association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and psoriasis, the clinical and immunological profiles, and inflammation patterns of coexistence remain undefined. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study of 140 BP patients without psoriasis (BP alone group) and 24 BP patients with comorbid psoriasis (BP-PsO group) to characterise these features. Average age of BP onset was significantly lower in the BP-PsO group, compared with the BP alone group (median [IQR]: 67.00 [58.00–75.75] years vs. 75.00 [64.00–82.00] years) (<i>p</i> = 0.021). In the BP-PsO group, 21 patients (87.5%) had coexisting active psoriatic plaques and BP lesions. The overall disease activity of BP was comparable between the BP-PsO and BP alone groups, both showing typical BP immunological features. Serum IL-17A level was significantly elevated in the BP-PsO group (median [IQR]: 18.29 [10.39–43.50] pg/mL), compared with the BP alone group (median [IQR]: 10.36 [9.16–12.11] pg/mL) and psoriasis alone groups (median [IQR]: 11.65 [10.10–12.78] pg/mL), and correlated with disease activity. Flow cytometry confirmed enhanced IL-17A response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the BP-PsO group, with an elevated proportion of CD4⁺ IL-17A⁺ cells and IL-17A⁺ T follicular helper cells versus corresponding controls. IL-13 was comparably elevated in both the BP-PsO and BP alone groups, relative to psoriasis alone group and healthy controls. In a representative case, inhibition of IL-17A led to concurrent remission of both diseases. BP with psoriasis shares foundational features with idiopathic BP, but represents a distinct clinical entity characterised by a predominant IL-17A signature, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Event Profile of Apremilast: Pharmacovigilance Study Based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)","authors":"Ke Gan,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Jianjiang Shen,&nbsp;Lu Lu,&nbsp;Ruiyang Xu,&nbsp;Zenan Xu,&nbsp;Jianmei Chen,&nbsp;Yan Lu","doi":"10.1111/exd.70303","DOIUrl":"10.1111/exd.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to assess the adverse event profile of apremilast using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data to identify potential safety risks and support clinical use. FAERS data from Q1 2014 to Q1 2024 were analysed. Adverse drug events (ADEs) related to apremilast were extracted and evaluated using four signal detection methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). A total of 122 287 apremilast-related AE reports, encompassing 238 215 adverse reactions across 24 System Organ Classes (SOCs) and 60 apremilast-induced AE signals, were identified. Gastrointestinal disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders were the most frequently reported SOCs. Common Preferred Terms (PTs) included diarrhoea, nausea, and headache. Notably, some adverse effects not listed in the drug package insert were found, such as multiple allergic reactions and tumour signals. This study identified significant disproportionality signals for ADEs reported with apremilast, particularly concerning gastrointestinal reactions, psychiatric disorders, and infections. While these findings do not establish causality, they offer valuable real-world insights that underscore the importance of continued clinical monitoring and warrant further pharmacoepidemiologic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/exd.70303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}