{"title":"Older Adults Self-Regulate Learning and Update Knowledge Regarding Psychology-Related Misconceptions.","authors":"Renée E DeCaro, Ayanna K Thomas","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2025.2508100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2025.2508100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined how older and younger adults corrected misconceptions related to psychology when given the opportunity to engage in self-regulated learning (SRL).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Experiment 1, young and older adults took an initial true/false test of 50 misconceptions, rated their confidence in their answer, and received immediate corrective feedback consisting of the correct answer and its explanation. In Experiment 2, immediately after receiving correct answer feedback, individuals chose whether to receive more information (i.e. the explanation of the correct answer; SRL). Individuals were retested after 1 week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both experiments, young and older adults held similar numbers of misconceptions when initially tested and after feedback. Though young and older adults chose to receive more information about similar numbers of statements, older adults were less likely to choose detailed information about their correct answers compared to younger adults. On the final test, older adults benefitted more than younger adults from only brief feedback, but were less likely to correct their high confidence misconceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that older adults' regulation of knowledge learning is preserved, but how older adults' update knowledge may depend on a host of factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictors of the Disability in Activities of Daily Living in Nursing Home Residents: A Descriptive Study.","authors":"Ulku Kezban Sahin, Sevim Acaröz","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2421686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2421686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is a common problem among nursing home residents. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the geriatric syndromes that contribute to disability in nursing home residents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The cross-sectional study included 124 older adults from two nursing homes. ADL disability was assessed with the Barthel Index. The sociodemographic characteristics and geriatric syndromes, including malnutrition, sarcopenia risk, frailty, immobility, urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, and balance dysfunction were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 124 residents had a mean age of 80.12 ± 9.20 years and included 55.67% males. Age, malnutrition, sarcopenia risk, frailty, immobility, urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, and balance dysfunction were all significantly correlated with the Barthel Index. However, only malnutrition, immobility, and urinary incontinence were found to account for 84.9% of the variance in disability of nursing home residents in regression analysis. These geriatric syndromes are the best predictors of ADL disability in all models (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that malnutrition, immobility, and urinary incontinence considerably contributed to the disability profile of nursing home residents. Health professionals need to develop multi-dimensional care and prevention strategies, especially for geriatric syndromes such as malnutrition, immobility, and urinary incontinence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"257-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Executive Functions, Self-Reflection, and Insight Across Adulthood.","authors":"Yasemin Sohtorik İlkmen, Ezgi Soncu Büyükişcan","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2331404","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2331404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research suggests that executive functions and metacognitive abilities, including self-reflection and insight, may share underlying mechanisms since both rely on top-down cognitive processes and require self-regulation. However, these relationships have not been thoroughly examined by empirical research. The current study investigated the relationship between insight, self-reflection, and executive functions cross-sectionally across different stages of aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 1284 (655 men and 629 women) cognitively healthy community dwellers with an age range of 18-89 years (M = 47.91, SD = 19.83). The sample was divided into three groups based on age, e.g., the young adults (18-34 years-old), the middle-aged adults (35-59 years-old), and older adults (60 years and older). Participants completed multiple executive function tasks (including trail making, verbal fluency, Stroop, digit span) and a self-report insight and self-reflection measure individually in face-to-face sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that education, age, digit span forward, which is a measure of short-term memory and phonemic fluency were significant predictors of self-reported insight. Furthermore, insight, but not self-reflection, had significant positive correlations with short-term memory and phonemic fluency across three age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the results indicate that performance on executive function measures and self-reported self-reflection and insight are relatively independent cognitive abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Sarah Norman, Sumaiyah Mat, Siti Salwana Kamsan, Sawal Hamid Md Ali, Nor Hamdan Mohamad Yahaya, Caryn Chan Mei Hsien, Dayang Balkis Md Ramli, Noorlaili Mohd Tohit, Norhayati Ibrahim, Suzana Shahar
{"title":"Mediating Role of Psychological Status in the Association Between Resiliency and Quality of Life Among Older Malaysians Living with Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Siti Sarah Norman, Sumaiyah Mat, Siti Salwana Kamsan, Sawal Hamid Md Ali, Nor Hamdan Mohamad Yahaya, Caryn Chan Mei Hsien, Dayang Balkis Md Ramli, Noorlaili Mohd Tohit, Norhayati Ibrahim, Suzana Shahar","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377436","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resilience increases the ability of an individual to overcome adversity. It has not yet been determined how resilience is linked to quality of life among individuals experiencing knee osteoarthritis symptoms. To explore the inter-relationships of psychological distress, resilience and quality of life among older individuals with knee osteoarthritis. The study examined older adults in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, identifying osteoarthritis through verified physician diagnosis. Various factors, including resilience, psychological status, and quality of life, were measured. In the study with 338 older adults, 50.9% had knee osteoarthritis. Higher resilience was linked to lower depression, anxiety, and stress, and better quality of life in both groups with and without knee osteoarthritis. Psychological factors consistently mediated the link between resilience and quality of life even after controlling potential confounders. Analysis showed that depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the relationship between resilience and quality of life, indicating a significant influence even when considering various factors. Resilience appears to influence psychological well-being and quality of life among older adult with knee osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"350-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Diffusion Model Account of Cognitive Variability in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Joshua J Jackson","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2409588","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2409588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within-person variation in cognitive performance is linked to pathological aging. Cognitive fluctuations have not been analyzed using cognitive process models, such as the diffusion model, to characterize which cognitive processes contribute to variability in cognition. We collected 21 daily assessments of attention and personality in younger adults, healthy older adults, and those with mild cognitive impairment. We employed mixed-effects location scale models to analyze group differences on mean diffusion parameters and daily variability. Discussion focuses on how these methods extend our understanding of how cognitive deficits might appear in aging and disease and the moderating influence of daily personality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"285-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AMPA Receptors Endocytosis Inhibition Attenuates Cognition Deficit Via c-Fos/BDNF Signaling in Amyloid <i>β</i> Neurotoxicity.","authors":"Kimia Eyvani, Negin Letafatkar, Parvin Babaei","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377440","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamatergic imbalance, particularly downregulation of <i>α</i>-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPARs) endocytosis, has been addressed as a possible reason for cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that inhibition of AMPAR endocytosis may ameliorate memory impairment in AD model of rats. To approach this, twenty-four adults male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: saline + saline (control group), A<i>β</i> + saline, and A<i>β</i> + Tat-GluR23Y (AMPA endocytosis inhibitor). Animals received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of A<i>β</i> (1-42) to induce neuro-toxicity, followed by chronic administration of GluR23Y, and further behavioral assessments by MWM. Afterward, the hippocampal level of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and c-Fos was measured via Western blotting. The results of our study revealed that chronic administration of GluR23Y improved both working and reference memories evidenced by shorter latency time and longer total time spent in the target zone in MWM. Additionally, this improvement was paralleled by an increase in BDNF, but a decrease in c-Fos. In conclusion, GluR23Y improves spatial memory impairment at least partly via elevating neuroprotective factor of BDNF and reducing apoptotic protein of c-Fos.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"303-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Ran Zhang, Jia Wei Wu, Lecong Wang, Ming Zhu Ye, Guo Hua Zheng
{"title":"Mediating Effect of Cognitive Reserve in the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Hao Ran Zhang, Jia Wei Wu, Lecong Wang, Ming Zhu Ye, Guo Hua Zheng","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2409587","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2409587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on the association between physical activity and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. A total of 495 community-dwelling older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. The CR, cognitive function, physical activity, and the potential confounders were assessed. Regression and bootstrap analyses were used to explore the mediating role of CR in physical activity and cognitive function. Compared to older adults with low to moderate physical activity, older adults with high physical activity had significantly better global cognitive function (βMoCA scores = 1.22, 95% CI 0.41 ~ 2.04) and visual spatial function (βCDT scores = 0.52, 95% CI 0.11 ~ 0.94) after adjustment for the confounders. CR mediated the association between physical activity and cognitive function with an indirect effect for global cognitive function (βMoCAscores = -0.29, 95% CI -0.56 ~ -0.09) and visual spatial function (βCDTscores = -0.14, 95% CI -0.28 ~ -0.05) after adjusting for the confounders, with 23.8% and 26.7% as percentage of mediation, respectively. These findings suggest that high physical activity could be effective in increasing cognitive reserve and preserving or improving cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"364-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Motor and Cognitive Dual-Task Demands on Ankle Dorsiflexor and Plantarflexor Force Control in Older Adults.","authors":"Riku Ishizaka, Ippei Nojima, Kazuto Ishida, Hideshi Sugiura, Aoki Takahashi, Kodai Minami, Tatsunori Watanabe","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2406172","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2406172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Force steadiness can be impaired under dual-task conditions in older adults. Since this impairment is attributed to their limited attentional resources, we hypothesized that the degree of cortical activity involved in muscle contraction would affect force steadiness under dual-task conditions. To test this hypothesis, based on the premise that dorsiflexion requires more cortical resources than plantarflexion, we compared the effects of additional motor and cognitive task demands on force steadiness between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion contractions in young and older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighteen young and eighteen older adults performed a force tracking task by applying either isometric dorsiflexion or plantarflexion force concurrently with and without (control) secondary upper-limb motor or cognitive task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Force steadiness was impaired by both secondary upper-limb motor and cognitive tasks for the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors in older adults. While force steadiness was impaired similarly by additional task demands regardless of the secondary task type for the dorsiflexors, the impairment effect was larger in the secondary cognitive than motor task for the plantarflexors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The effects of dual-task demand on force steadiness could depend on the degree of cortical activity involved in muscle contraction in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"377-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinat Heydarnia Kalati, Hossein Harati, Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary, Mohammad Javad Dehestany Zarch, Younes Karami, Maryam Moghimian, Masoumeh Fani
{"title":"The Combined Effect of Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic Extract and Swimming Exercise on Memory and Oxidative Stress in Old Male Rats.","authors":"Zinat Heydarnia Kalati, Hossein Harati, Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary, Mohammad Javad Dehestany Zarch, Younes Karami, Maryam Moghimian, Masoumeh Fani","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377432","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the effect of swim exercise along with consumption of bindii hydroalcoholic extract on memory and the oxidative stress markers in old male rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 32 old (400-500 g) and eight young male Wistar rats. The groups included young, old, old bindii (200 mg/kg), old exercise, and old bindii exercise (concurrent swimming training). All interventions were performed within 14 days. The animals' spatial memory was evaluated by the Y maze, radial maze, and shuttle box, Oxidative stress factors were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the old control group, the bindii extract along with swimming exercise significantly increased the periodic behavior percentage in the Y maze and the delay time in entry into the dark chamber in the shuttle box but no significant difference was seen in the reference memory error in the radial maze. Also, a significant increase in the amount of catalase (CAT) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in all treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that exercise, along with the bindii extract consumption, can improve spatial and avoidance memory in old rats probably through the reduction of oxidative stress effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"316-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Tai Chi Training on Depressive Symptoms in Perimenopausal Women on the Basis of Serum Kynurenine Metabolites.","authors":"Jing Liu, Jingmei Si, Weiwei Zhao","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377427","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2024.2377427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To observe the effects of Tai Chi training on depression symptoms and serum kynurenine metabolites in perimenopausal women and explore the mechanism of Tai Chi training in anti-depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 72 perimenopausal women with depression were randomly selected from Lishi District and divided into a Tai Chi training group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases). At the same time, 36 perimenopausal healthy women were randomly selected as the normal group. The Tai Chi training group was intervened with 24 simplified Tai Chi exercises, and the depression self-rating scale was used to evaluate the depression status. The levels of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (KYN) metabolites in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before the experiment, compared with the normal healthy group, the depression self-rating scale scores, serum KYN and quinolinic acid (QUIN) levels, and KYN/Trp ratio of the control group and Tai Chi group were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < .01), and the serum kynurenic acid (KYNA) level was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < .01). After the experiment, compared with the normal healthy group, the depression self-rating scale scores of the Tai Chi group were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < .01), the serum KYNA content was increased (<i>p</i> < .01), the serum KYN and QUIN contents were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < .01), and the KYN/Trp ratio was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tai Chi training can significantly improve depression symptoms in perimenopausal women. The mechanism of Tai Chi training in improving depression symptoms in perimenopausal women may be achieved by regulating abnormal kynurenine metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"331-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}