Experimental Aging Research最新文献

{"title":"Aging and False Memories: Comparing Effects of Item-Relatedness and List Position.","authors":"Lauri Gurguryan, E A Kensinger, P A Reuter-Lorenz, H R Dimsdale-Zucker","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2742797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2026.2742797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evidence from classic serial position curves suggests that semantic and phonological false memories traditionally arise from presumed long- and short-term memory stores, respectively. However, research challenges this distinction, finding semantic and phonological false memories across memory stores and list positions. The present study tested whether semantic and phonological false memories reflect distinct or shared mechanisms and whether these patterns differ with age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Younger (YAs) and older (OAs) adults completed a modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm in both recall (Experiments 1 and 2) and item recognition (Experiment 3), manipulating semantic and phonological similarity across list position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During recall, although OAs recalled fewer items than YAs, both groups generated more phonological than semantic false memories. During recognition, both groups had higher hit rates for phonological than semantic items and lower false alarm rates for the phonological compared to the semantic condition. Across all experiments, both groups made semantic and phonological false memories from all sublist positions, challenging notions of strictly separated memory stores. Importantly, irrespective of test format, there were no age-related differences in false memory patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these findings challenge traditional views of memory organization and suggest that shared cognitive processes across age group and list composition underlie semantic and phonological false memories.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Self-Defining Memories Characteristics and Transdiagnostic Variables with Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults.","authors":"Dolores Fernández-Pérez, Laura Ros, Llanos Merín, Jefferson Singer, Jorge Javier Ricarte","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2667117","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2667117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population aging poses mental health challenges, particularly regarding depression. This study explores the relationship between transdiagnostic variables (self-esteem, intolerance of uncertainty), self-defining memory characteristics, and depressive symptoms in 225 young (<i>M</i> = 22.8) and 225 older adults (<i>M</i> = 68.4). Older adults reported higher depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and intolerance of uncertainty, as well as more specific, positive, and identity-relevant memories. Young adults' memories showed more guilt/shame and anger. In older adults, lower self-esteem, higher intolerance of anxiety, more memory detail, and external guilt/shame predicted greater depressive symptoms. These results highlight the role of memory and emotional processing in understanding depression in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"730-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory and Curiosity for Free Grocery Items and Prices in Younger and Older Adults.","authors":"Kylie O Alberts, Alan D Castel","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2633693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2633693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults often show memory deficits, but these deficits can be reduced when newly learned information is consistent with one's schemas (prior knowledge). For example, research has found similar memory performance for young and older adults when remembering realistic market-value grocery items and prices; however, age-related differences are more prominent for overpriced items, which are inconsistent with schemas. In the present work, we examined how labelling items as free may impact memory for prices, and if curiosity may influence how younger and older adults remember price information. Experiment 1 investigated young and older adults' memory for free, market-priced, and overpriced items. In Experiment 2, participants' curiosity for learning the items and their prices was investigated to see if curiosity can be predictive of performance accuracy for information that is consistent and inconsistent with their schemas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Experiment 1, participants were shown grocery store items and were tested on the exact prices of these items and the categories they belong to. In Experiment 2, participants were first shown items and asked how curious they were to learn the price of the item. Participants were then shown the grocery item's price and category label, and were later tested on the associations of these items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across both experiments, older adults were more accurate in recalling market-priced and free items compared to overpriced items. In contrast, younger adults did not show significant differences across price conditions. In Experiment 2, state curiosity significantly predicted accuracy in recalling exact prices, with this relationship being particularly strong among older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that older adults benefit more from schematic support when remembering price information and that state curiosity enhances memory accuracy, especially for older adults. Schematic support and state curiosity may help mitigate age-related memory deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"667-692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Long-Term Consumption of Anxiolytics, Antidepressants, and Hypnotics on Working Memory.","authors":"Selene Cansino, Frine Torres-Trejo, Cinthya Estrada-Manilla, Silvia Ruiz-Velasco","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2652815","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2652815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of anxiolytics, antidepressants, and hypnotics on working memory in individuals who use these drugs to alleviate minor symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, respectively, but who are not affected by any major disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a sample of 1656 participants between the ages of 21 and 80 years, 87 had exclusively taken anxiolytics, 88 had taken only antidepressants, and 36 had taken only hypnotics but had not taken them for at least six months. These groups were compared with individuals who had never taken any of these medications and were matched by sex, age, and years of education. Working memory was examined in the spatial and verbal domains at two levels of difficulty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spatial working memory performance was observed to be lower in anxiolytic and antidepressant users compared with nonusers. In addition, we observed that longer and more frequent uses of anxiolytics, antidepressants, and hypnotics resulted in worsened spatial working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effects of these drugs on spatial working memory occur across all ages in the adult lifespan. Spatial working memory is crucial for performing numerous everyday activities and preserving autonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"623-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random Practice Enhances Motor Learning in Extroverted Older Women.","authors":"Ludmilla G Veigas, Cassio M Meira","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2656955","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2656955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motor learning in older adults may be influenced by both practice structure and individual personality traits. Contextual interference (CI) theory and personality-based arousal regulation accounts suggest that introversion and extraversion could moderate the effects of blocked versus random practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether personality traits (introversion vs. extraversion) moderate the impact of practice structure (blocked vs. random) on motor learning in older women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight women (mean age = 68 years) were classified as introverted or extroverted. Participants completed golf putting tasks under either blocked or random practice schedules. Performance was assessed across four phases: pretest, acquisition, transfer, and retention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extroverted women practicing under random schedules demonstrated superior performance in delayed transfer compared to other groups. Conclusions: Findings diverge from evidence in younger adults, suggesting that aging may alter the interaction between personality and CI. Results highlight the importance of lifespan-sensitive approaches to individualized motor learning interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"693-710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing and Type of Employment Affect Workers' Ability to Anticipate Their Employment Prospects.","authors":"Noël Bonneuil, Younga Kim","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2667119","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2667119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To what extent do individual cognitive biases in anticipating position stability reflect and reproduce structural socioeconomic inequalities?</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The Korean Longitudinal Survey on Aging 2006-2020 allows estimating the probability of keeping one's position six years ahead at each wave. Respondents are also asked to anticipate their probability of remaining in position five years ahead. The gap between these two underlying log-hazard rates quantifies agents' error regarding their professional future.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With age, both anticipated hazards and underestimation increase. Underestimation increases over anticipation time. Unpaid family workers are influenced by family environment and residence; self-employed workers by housing, siblings and the suitability of their education for the position held; daily wage earners by children, consumption, savings and sector of activity; temporary wage earners by variables linked to extended family; regular wage earners by personal success variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A recommendation is to provide tables for position retention by covariate built from a representative longitudinal survey, such as the one used.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"751-771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SuperAgers Show Attenuated Age-Related Decline in Episodic Memory: Longitudinal Evidence from the Yakumo Study.","authors":"Takeshi Hatta, Taketoshi Hatta, Takahiko Kimura, Kimiko Kato, Junko Hatta, Kazumi Fujiwara, Akihiko Iwahara","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2688648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2688648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined longitudinal changes in episodic memory performance in SuperAgers (SAs) and typical older adults (TOAs), focusing on whether SAs avoid age-related decline or show a slower rate of decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Yakumo Study. Participants who completed episodic memory assessments on at least two occasions between ages 60 and 85 were classified as SAs or TOAs based on Logical Memory Test performance. Age-related changes were analyzed using regression models including age, group, and their interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAs performed significantly better than TOAs across the observed age range. A significant Age × Group interaction was found, indicating different rates of decline between groups (F(1, 678) = 7.26, <i>p</i> = .007). Although memory performance declined significantly in both groups, the decline was less pronounced in SAs (β =  -0.164) than in TOAs (β =  -0.316). Analyses of standardized scores further showed that SAs maintained their relative cognitive standing more effectively than TOAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SAs are not immune to age-related decline but exhibit a significantly attenuated rate of decline. These findings suggest that super-aging reflects both superior baseline memory performance and greater preservation over time, consistent with Brain Maintenance and Cognitive Reserve frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"792-803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Traditional Chinese Mind - Body Exercises on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zhi Lv, Yu Geng, Hong Liu, Jun Zheng, Lefeng Zhao, Bin Li","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2700149","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2700149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related cognitive decline is highly prevalent, highlighting need for scalable exercise interventions. Traditional Chinese mind-body exercises (TCMBEs) may benefit cognition, but their comparative efficacy and optimal regimen remain uncertain. This study compared six TCMBEs and explored dose-response signals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched to July 10, 2025. Global cognition measured by MMSE or MoCA was primary outcome. Bayesian random-effects models estimated standardized mean differences (SMDs), and interventions were ranked using SUCRA. Sensitivity analyses applied frequentist models. The protocol was registered (CRD42025633650).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three trials involving 2503 participants were included. Compared with passive control, Baduanjin (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI 0.14-0.61), Qigong (SMD = 0.33; 95% CI 0.04-0.61), and Tai Chi (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI 0.14-0.45) significantly improved cognition. SUCRA ranked Baduanjin highest, followed by Qigong and Tai Chi. Overall heterogeneity was moderate (I² ≈46%). Higher weekly frequency combined with shorter session duration showed greater benefits, although differences were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = .381).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TCMBEs improve cognitive function in adults aged 50 years and older, with Baduanjin, Qigong, and Tai Chi showing the greatest potential. High-frequency, shorter-duration practice appears feasible, but findings should guide rather than dictate exercise prescriptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"804-825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Stereotypes and Aging: Effects on Mood and Decision Making.","authors":"Xiaoxue Sherry Gao, Rebecca Ready, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2673755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2673755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Negative aging stereotypes are pervasive and have adverse effects on the well-being of older adults. We studied the consequences of negative stereotypes about the mental health of older adults on their moods, risk tolerance, and patience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled experiment, participants (mean age = 68.9) were exposed to negative (stereotype threat), accurate (inoculation), and control information regarding the mental health of older adults. Participants' moods were tracked throughout the experiment, and their risk tolerance and patience were measured using incentive-compatible procedures after exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When exposed to inoculation information, participants experienced positive changes in their moods and avoided the negative mood changes that were experienced by participants in the control and stereotype threat groups. We find no changes in the average levels of risk tolerance or patience due to either treatment condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Positive and accurate information regarding aging and mental health stabilizes mood, risk tolerance, and patience, indicating that inoculation campaigns on aging may be beneficial to public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"772-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Reduces Attentional Modulation of Speech-Evoked Cortical Responses While Preserving Adaptation.","authors":"Anoop Basavanahalli Jagadeesh, Ajith Kumar Uppunda","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2671611","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2026.2671611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined age-related differences in repetition-related adaptation and attentional modulation of cortical auditory evoked potentials elicited by meaningful speech stimuli.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Younger (18-35 years) and older (50-70 years) adults with clinically normal hearing were tested under active and passive listening conditions. N1 peak amplitudes were analyzed across early (first 30) and late (last 30) stimulus trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repetition-related reductions in N1 amplitude were observed in both groups, indicating preserved adaptation. However, younger adults showed significant attentional enhancement of N1 amplitude, whereas older adults did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that aging selectively reduces top-down attentional modulation while preserving repetition-related sensory adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"711-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}