Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to bictegravir/emtricitabine/ tenofovir alafenamide or non-tenofovir alafenamide regimens: a real-world study of safety and efficacy in Chinese people living with HIV.","authors":"Fada Wang, Liyuan Zheng, Xiaojing Song, Leidan Zhang, Ling Chen, Yanling Li, Yang Han, Wei Yu, Wei Cao, Taisheng Li","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2718183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2026.2718183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) carries bone and renal toxicity risks. Data are limited on Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH) switching from TDF-based regimens to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and non-BIC/FTC/TAF.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study enrolled virologically-suppressed PLWH receiving TDF (>48 weeks) at PUMCH (2014-2025). We analyzed efficacy/safety at 96 weeks post-switch to BIC/FTC/TAF or non-BIC/FTC/TAF. Primary endpoints: viral suppression, immune recovery, and safety [bone mineral density(BMD)/eGFR/weight/serum lipids], assessed from 48 weeks pre-switch to 96 weeks post-switch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening, 169 of 1,592 PLWH were enrolled (mean age 41 years; 89.3% male; mean TDF duration 67.8 month): 111 switched to BIC/FTC/TAF, 58 to non-BIC/FTC/TAF (25 dolutegravir-based). All BIC/FTC/TAF recipients maintained virologic suppression but one low-level viremia in non-BIC/FTC/TAF, CD4⁺ T-cell increased similarly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Pre-switch (48-week on TDF) BMD decreased (spine/hip/femoral neck: -1.78%/-3.03%/-2.39%); At week 96 post-switch, BMD increased (BIC/FTC/TAF: +3.55%/+2.52%/+3.48%; non-BIC/FTC/TAF: +2.18%/+2.19%/+2.8%; <i>p</i> > 0.05). Pre-switch eGFR similarly decreased: -9 mL/min/1.73 m², post-switch increased (BIC/FTC/TAF +3.6 vs non-BIC/FTC/TAF +5.1, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Pre-switch slight weight gain (+0.27 kg), post-switch: BIC/FTC/TAF (+1.59 kg), dolutegravir (DTG)-based (+3.54 kg), non-DTG/BIC (+0.95 kg). Serum lipids increased in all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Switching from TDF to BIC/FTC/TAF or Non-BIC/FTC/TAF was associated with improved bone/renal safety with maintained efficacy in Chinese PLWH. But integrase strand transfer inhibitor(INSTI)-based regimens necessitate monitoring for weight and lipid changes. These findings warrant confirmation in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HigBA toxin-antitoxin systems in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>: stress-responsive regulation, persistence, and therapeutic perspectives.","authors":"Zoozeal Thakur, Renu Chaudhary, Promod K Mehta","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2719693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2719693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging therapies against infections due to free-living amoebae.","authors":"Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Sutherland K Maciver, David Lloyd, Naveed Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2719690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2026.2719690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pathogenic free-living amoebae, including <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. and <i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i>, are rare but frequently fatal opportunistic pathogens associated with severe central nervous system and ocular infections, and cutaneous infections. Despite advances in understanding their biology and pathogenesis, therapeutic options remain limited, mortality rates remain high, and delayed diagnosis continues to compromise clinical outcomes and public health responses.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Recent literature, with emphasis on studies published during the past decade, was reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on therapeutic advances against pathogenic free-living amoebae, including novel antiamoebic compounds, drug repurposing, nanotechnology-enabled delivery systems, and emerging diagnostic approaches. Recent progress in high-throughput screening, artificial intelligence-assisted drug discovery, and predictive therapeutic modeling is highlighted. The impact of climate change and environmental adaptation on the expanding geographic distribution of amoebic infections is also discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Given the rarity of these infections and the limited clinical datasets available, artificial intelligence-assisted approaches may become particularly important for accelerating antiamoebic drug discovery, therapeutic prediction, and precision treatment strategies. Emerging advances in nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems, theranostics, and computational therapeutic modeling may provide promising opportunities to improve management of these devastating infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The demand-side gap: integrating AWaRe-based antibiotic stewardship into medical education in Pakistan.","authors":"Rao Muhammad Danish Ali","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2719686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2026.2719686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How have global guidelines advanced the management of cryptococcosis in two years?","authors":"David R Boulware, David B Meya","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2718184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2718184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolonization, containment or source control? Pathogen-specific anti-infective prevention for methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and <i>Candida auris</i>.","authors":"Abdelaziz Touati","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2718192","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2718192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare systems use decolonization, screening, patient placement, environmental cleaning and stewardship to prevent Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and <i>Candida auris</i> transmission and infection. These interventions share an Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) foundation but differ in evidence, operational demands and the reservoirs they target.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This critical narrative review compares pathogen-targeted and universal (horizontal) strategies, including topical decolonization, antiseptic bathing, surveillance-linked containment, environmental/source control and antimicrobial stewardship. It examines study design, endpoint directness, diagnostic intensity, implementation fidelity, feasibility and local resource constraints.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The three pathogen pathways are analytical emphases rather than mutually exclusive models. MRSA has the most developed trial evidence for topical decolonization in selected settings, although chlorhexidine effects may also be horizontal. CRE and <i>C. auris</i> prevention generally requires universal IPC measures combined with targeted screening, placement, environmental control or emerging adjunctive decolonization according to local epidemiology and capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining antibiotic use reduction targets for the management of hospital-onset healthcare-associated <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection: results of the multi-center TARGET-A project in four UK hospitals.","authors":"Mamoon A Aldeyab, Stuart E Bond, Dominique L Monnet, David Farren, Michael G Scott, Geraldine Conlon-Bingham, Kelly Atack, Akaninyene Otu, Angel Boulos, Jessica Martin, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Ahmad Taqi, Feras Darwish Elhajji, Barbara R Conway, William J Lattyak","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2714096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2714096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonlinear analyses show promise for determining antibiotic use thresholds linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An approach that allows aggregation of results from multiple models to capture context-specific AMR dynamics is needed to improve predictive accuracy and define realistic antibiotic use thresholds to reduce AMR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted TARGET-A, a retrospective multicentre ecological modeling study in four UK hospitals (2020-2024), applying a threshold-logistic ensemble consensus modeling approach to identify hospital-level antibiotic use thresholds and risk scores associated with increasing hospital-onset, healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HOHA-CDI) incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis set the cutoffs for critically high HOHA-CDI incidence at: Antrim Area Hospital (AAH), 75th percentile; Craigavon Area Hospital (CAH), 80th percentile; Pinderfields General Hospital (PGH), 82.5th percentile; St James's University Hospital (SJUH), 77.5th percentile. Antibiotic use thresholds (defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 occupied bed-days (OBD)) were identified: AAH- fluoroquinolones 62.3, macrolides 254.6; CAH- co-amoxiclav 75.8, carbapenems 16.1; PGH- co-amoxiclav 251.3, macrolides 129.2; SJUH- clindamycin 14.2, fluoroquinolones 128.3. Risk scores for exceeding high HOHA-CDI incidence were determined, supporting early warning alerts. A consensus approach was developed to establish attainable antibiotic use thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This approach provides a framework to define hospital-level quantitative antibiotic use targets to control HOHA-CDI incidence. Further validation is needed in prospective interventional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in high-risk populations in Qatar: a call for action.","authors":"Muna Al Maslamani, Bosco Paes, Mohamed Janahi, Eman Al Maslamani, Ahmed Abushahin, Ali Almudeer, Manasik Hassan, Moaaz Abo Zeed, Mai Alqubaisi, Ibrahim Janahi, Peter V Coyle, Mohammed Alkuwari, Khalid Elawad, Hayat Khogali, Hadi Yassine, Salah Al Awaidy","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2694632","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2694632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preterm and high-risk infants are at increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, leading to prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, respiratory support and death. Although, RSV prevention is a major health priority in Qatar, national guidelines for RSV prophylaxis are currently lacking.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This expert opinion summarizes the burden of RSV in Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) along with current immunoprophylaxis practices and real-world evidence on the effectiveness of palivizumab in high-risk infants. Evidence from a literature review was supplemented by expert insights relevant to Qatar and the GCC to address data gaps and heterogeneity in RSV prophylaxis. The integrated findings support context-specific recommendations.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>A steering committee with 16 experts was convened in December 2024 to review the available evidence and discuss challenges in RSV prevention among high-risk infants. The experts reviewed the literature and reached consensus for the recommendations. Palivizumab, supported by established effectiveness and long-term safety data, remains the cornerstone of RSV prophylaxis for preterm and high-risk pediatric population. It also acknowledges the necessity to collaborate with other GCC countries and develop a regional protocol to further strengthen the RSV prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"755-766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-infective therapy and novel treatment options for coccidioidomycosis.","authors":"Alexandra P Kuo, Sally Hamdan, Monica A Donnelley, George R Thompson","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2693682","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2693682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coccidioidomycosis infections can pose severe clinical complications with high morbidity and mortality. There exist numerous treatment options with emerging evidence accumulating for each.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes evidence regarding current and novel agents for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Key topics include a review of therapeutic agents, current guidelines, and evidence regarding selection of the most optimal treatment regimen.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>There exist multiple antifungal regimens that have been demonstrated to be efficacious in treating systemic coccidioidomycosis infections; however, determining the most optimal therapy as new therapeutic agents emerge should be weighed upon a variety of factors including efficacy, tolerability, penetration into areas of infection such as the central nervous system (CNS), and susceptibility of the pathogen. Novel agents in preclinical and clinical development may assist in addressing patients with refractory, resistant or intolerance to currently available treatment regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"767-778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How long is enough? Evidence gaps and research priorities for antibiotic duration in immunocompromised hosts.","authors":"Maria Mazzitelli, Riccardo Serraino, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Rita Murri, Carlo Torti","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2692475","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2026.2692475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"737-739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}