Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Febrile neutropenia management in high-risk neutropenic patients: a narrative review on antibiotic prophylaxis and empirical treatment.","authors":"Cemre Boşnak, Murat Akova","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2487149","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2487149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates a reassessment of antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibiotics in FN management, with a particular focus on patients with hematologic malignancies - particularly acute leukemia - and HSCT recipients.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Challenges in FN management, including antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment optimization, remain due to the complexity of the condition. Pathogens with emerging antibacterial resistance cause significant concern in the management of patients. Particularly due to selection potential of resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), fluoroquinolones (FQs) have become less attractive agents for prophylaxis. Whereas, emerging data may help to revitalize long-abandoned aminoglycoside containing combination therapies particularly in high-risk patients with presumed sepsis. With only a few agents available for highly resistant bacteria alternative treatment strategies including pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) concerning antibiotic applications may be warranted. Carefully designed, randomized, controlled trials providing large scale data which then can be analyzed with emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are needed. The results from such trials may allow a better, data-driven approaches for management of FN.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"327-341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can probiotics replace antibiotics? Not yet, says the evidence.","authors":"Jan Łukasik, Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2499485","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2499485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"323-326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-five years of palivizumab: a global historic review of its impact on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease in children.","authors":"Xavier Carbonell-Estrany, Eric A F Simões, Louis Bont, Paolo Manzoni, Heather J Zar, Anne Greenough, Octavio Ramilo, Renato Stein, Barbara Law, Asuncion Mejias, Manuel Sanchez Luna, Paul A Checchia, Leonard Krilov, Marcello Lanari, Ron Dagan, Brigitte Fauroux, Bernhard Resch, Terho Heikkinen, Joseph B Domachowske, Joanne G Wildenbeest, Federico Martinon-Torres, Richard Thwaites, Merih Cetinkaya, Adel S Alharbi, Carlos E Rodriguez-Martinez, Daniel E Noyola, Asiah Kassim, Satoshi Kusuda, Ji-Man Kang, Barry Rodgers-Gray, Anna Platonova, Fungwe Jah, Bosco Paes","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2481908","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2481908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in young children. For 25 years, palivizumab has been the only effective pharmaceutical RSV preventive.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We summarize the development and a quarter-century of real-world evidence with palivizumab. We highlight its positive impact on the burden of RSV in high-risk children. Based on lessons learnt from its implementation, we suggest strategies for effective and equitable deployment of newer RSV preventives.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Following failure of the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine in 1967, RSV intravenous immunoglobulin was approved in 1996 after three decades' research. Subsequently, palivizumab emerged as the most effective and safe RSV preventive, demonstrated by the IMpact trial, and was licensed in 1998 in the United States. Over the last 25 years, the benefits of palivizumab have been firmly established through a wealth of evidence, predominantly from high-income countries (HICs). To achieve a global impact with the newer RSV preventives, evidenced-based universal guidelines must be developed and endorsed by regulatory authorities and relevant scientific societies. Independent economic evaluations should incorporate all RSV-associated healthcare costs, reduction of long-term respiratory sequelae, and standardized outcomes. Most importantly, equity in product availability and implementation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"359-378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor regarding \"Alternative drugs for the treatment of gonococcal infections: old and new\" <i>Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy</i>. 2024. 22(9):753-759.","authors":"Alison Luckey, David Altarac, Sarah M McLeod","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2502799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2025.2502799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ongoing challenge of prevention of pertussis in infants: what's new in 2024?","authors":"Maria Gabriella Matera, Carlo Capristo, Vito de Novellis, Mario Cazzola","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2476010","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2476010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pertussis, a respiratory disease caused primarily by <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, is undergoing a resurgence despite decades of high rates of vaccination. The prevention of pertussis in infants presents several challenges, including the waning immunity of the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, the limited protection afforded to newborns before they complete the vaccine series, and the existence of gaps in maternal vaccination. Furthermore, the unwillingness or refusal of a considerable number of individuals, including some healthcare workers, to receive vaccinations represents another significant challenge.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This narrative review provides an updated overview of the ongoing challenge of preventing pertussis in infants and discusses some possible solutions.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The ongoing challenge of preventing pertussis in infants is multifaceted. To address these challenging issues, a multi-pronged approach is required. This approach should be designed to address various barriers and increase uptake. It should include measures to strengthen maternal vaccination programs, ensure timely infant vaccinations, improve public education, and continue research into more effective vaccines with longer-lasting immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"247-263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of bacterial spectrum and construction of a predictive model for postoperative sepsis in patients with upper urinary calculi and positive urinary cultures.","authors":"Yizhou Wang, Meng Gao, Minghui Liu, Jinbo Chen, Zewu Zhu","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2484285","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2484285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To analyze bacterial profiles, antibiotic resistance, and urosepsis risk factors in urine culture-positive (UC+) patients post-endoscopic lithotripsy.</p><p><strong>Research design and method: </strong>Retrospectively, 806 UC+ patients (2016.3-2021.3) were stratified into urosepsis/non-urosepsis groups per Sepsis-3 criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 845 isolates (56 species), <i>Escherichia coli</i> dominated (46.8%), followed by <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (8.8%). Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, and cefuroxime. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteriuria (OR = 2.15), staghorn calculi (OR = 2.23), days of preoperative antibiotics use <3 (OR = 1.87), absence of nephrostomy (OR = 2.30), and postoperative WBC > 9.8 × 10⁹/L (OR = 2.69) as independent sepsis predictors. A nomogram incorporating these factors achieved robust predictive accuracy. Preoperative antibiotic use for ≥3 days was inversely correlated with the risk of urinary sepsis as the duration of antibiotic administration increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Urosepsis incidence was 13.1% post-lithotripsy. Early risk stratification, targeted infection control, and antibiotic stewardship guided by urine susceptibility testing are critical for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"315-322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressive antibiotic treatment (SAT) in the era of MDRO infections: a narrative review.","authors":"Valentina Fornari, Guido Accardo, Tommaso Lupia, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Silvia Corcione","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2473077","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2473077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antibiotics were originally developed to treat acute bacterial infections, and research studies focus their efforts on safety and efficacy in the short term; however, prolonged course of antibiotics has been documented in multiple clinical settings. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a new perspective on SAT and to discuss new therapeuticpossibilities.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We discuss new clinical scenarios in which SAT could be considered. We provided a broad discussion about long-acting agents and new or repurposed oral agents as well as the use of OPAT with elastomeric pumps and an overview of the pipeline of new antifungals. Limitations of SAT are presented in this review and especially patients' adherence issues, possible spread of MDROs, possible rising of the incidence of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections, drug-to-drug interactions and drug-related problems, cost-effectiveness evaluation issues.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Many research gaps are evident and further studies are needed. Above all, the efficacy and safety of SAT in the different clinical scenarios. Discovery of new molecules against MDROs and ongoing research on PK/PD variables as well as a better understanding of the relationship between SAT and the emergence of resistance could improve SAT usage and reduce the impact of DRPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"291-303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective antimicrobial therapies needed for treatment of severe infections in African newborns.","authors":"Pui-Ying Iroh Tam, Adrie Bekker, Julia Anna Bielicki, Olufunke Bolaji, Gwendoline Chimhini, Ziyaad Dangor, Felicity Fitzgerald, Nelesh Govender, Sandi Holgate, Gugulabatembunamahlubi Tj Kali, Uduak Okomo, Tochi Okwor, Charlene Rodrigues, Sithembiso Velaphi, Andrew Whitelaw, Angela Dramowski","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2484281","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2484281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"243-246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gram-positive infections in special populations. Expert view on the role of dalbavancin.","authors":"Beatriz Sobrino, Sonia Luque, Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz, Rubén Lovatti González, José Luis Del Pozo","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2477196","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2477196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review considers special populations as those patients for whom Gram-positive infections are particularly challenging to treat. We examine the potential benefits of dalbavancin in these patients.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We focus on patients with renal impairment, hepatic failure or obesity, and, also, pediatric patients, elderly patients and socially vulnerable individuals. Five independent experts conducted exhaustive literature searches on PubMed. Papers were selected for inclusion according to their relevance to the topic. For each special population, we outline the most significant characteristics for infection management, describing the challenges of the most frequent Gram-positive infections, and reviewing the potential role of dalbavancin.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Dalbavancin may be a valid alternative to overcome the difficulties of infection management in these populations. We hope our insights will prove useful for patient-centered care. A long half-life, evidence-based efficacy and good safety profile make dalbavancin an adequate option, particularly for patients for whom oral treatment or continued IV access may be challenging, or those for whom hospital stay is more impactful. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past, present, and future perspectives on aztreonam and avibactam.","authors":"Karen Bush","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2473047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2473047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic approved in 1986 to treat infections caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, but, together with cephalosporins, lost clinical utility due to the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and novel (serine) carbapenemases. Avibactam was the first in a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor class to effectively inhibit these enzymes. It has been approved in combination with ceftazidime to treat Gram-negative infections caused by bacteria that produce AmpC, ESBLs and serine carbapenemases, and with aztreonam to treat patients infected with metallo-β-lactamase-producing enteric bacteria. Combinations of avibactam with ceftazidime and/or aztreonam have been used successfully to treat enteric pathogens producing multiple classes of β-lactamases.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Development of aztreonam, avibactam, and avibactam combinations are placed into a historical perspective, based on both preclinical and clinical data. A search of MEDLINE (Ovid) was used to identify relevant literature.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Avibactam combined with ceftazidime and aztreonam in either dual or triple combinations provides the opportunity to treat previously untreatable Gram-negative infections that produce multiple β-lactamases. Aztreonam combinations should be particularly attractive, due to stability to metallo-β-lactamase hydrolysis and its safety advantage in treating penicillin-allergic patients. Other inhibitor combinations in development may challenge these combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}