FEMS microbiology reviews最新文献

Electrical signaling in fungi: past and present challenges.

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf009

Matteo Buffi, Julia M Kelliher, Aaron J Robinson, Diego Gonzalez, Guillaume Cailleau, Justine A Macalindong, Eleonora Frau, Silvia Schintke, Patrick S G Chain, Claire E Stanley, Markus Künzler, Saskia Bindschedler, Pilar Junier

{"title":"Electrical signaling in fungi: past and present challenges.","authors":"Matteo Buffi, Julia M Kelliher, Aaron J Robinson, Diego Gonzalez, Guillaume Cailleau, Justine A Macalindong, Eleonora Frau, Silvia Schintke, Patrick S G Chain, Claire E Stanley, Markus Künzler, Saskia Bindschedler, Pilar Junier","doi":"10.1093/femsre/fuaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaf009","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical signaling is a fundamental mechanism for integrating environmental stimuli and coordinating responses in living organisms. While extensively studied in animals and plants, the role of electrical signaling in fungi remains a largely under-explored field. Early studies suggested that filamentous fungi generate action potential-like signals and electrical currents at hyphal tips, yet their function in intracellular communication remained unclear. Renewed interest in fungal electrical activity has fueled developments such as the hypothesis that mycorrhizal networks facilitate electrical communication between plants and the emerging field of fungal-based electronic materials. Given their continuous plasma membrane, specialized septal pores, and insulating cell wall structures, filamentous fungi possess architectural features that could support electrical signaling over long distances. However, studying electrical phenomena in fungal networks presents unique challenges due to the microscopic dimensions of hyphae, the structural complexity of highly modular mycelial networks, and the limitations of traditional electrophysiological methods. This review synthesizes current evidence for electrical signaling in filamentous fungi, evaluates methodological approaches, and highlights experimental challenges. By addressing these challenges and identifying best practices, we aim to advance research in this field and provide a foundation for future studies exploring the role of electrical signaling in fungal biology.","PeriodicalId":12201,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbiology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into the environmental cues modulating the expression of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf007

Emeline Ostyn, Yoann Augagneur, Marie-Laure Pinel-Marie

{"title":"Insight into the environmental cues modulating the expression of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.","authors":"Emeline Ostyn, Yoann Augagneur, Marie-Laure Pinel-Marie","doi":"10.1093/femsre/fuaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaf007","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria require sophisticated sensing mechanisms to adjust their metabolism in response to stressful conditions and survive in hostile environments. Among them, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems play a crucial role in bacterial adaptation to environmental challenges. TA systems are considered as stress-responsive elements, consisting of both toxin and antitoxin genes, typically organized in operons or encoded on complementary DNA strands. A decrease in the antitoxin-toxin ratio, often triggered by specific stress conditions, leads to toxin excess, disrupting essential cellular processes and inhibiting bacterial growth. These systems are categorized into eight types based on the nature of the antitoxin (RNA or protein) and the mode of action of toxin inhibition. While the well-established biological roles of TA systems include phage inhibition and the maintenance of genetic elements, the environmental cues regulating their expression remain insufficiently documented. In this review, we highlight the diversity and complexity of the environmental cues influencing TA systems expression. A comprehensive understanding of how these genetic modules are regulated could provide deeper insights into their functions and support the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies.","PeriodicalId":12201,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbiology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multidisciplinary methodologies used in the study of cable bacteria. 电缆细菌研究中使用的多学科方法。

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae030

Michaela M H Wawryk, Philip Ley, Diana Vasquez-Cardenas, Rico F Tabor, Perran L M Cook

引用次数: 0

Bile acids as germinants for Clostridioides difficile spores, evidence of adaptation to the gut?

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf005

Gianni Vinay, Jurgen Seppen, Peter Setlow, Stanley Brul

{"title":"Bile acids as germinants for Clostridioides difficile spores, evidence of adaptation to the gut?","authors":"Gianni Vinay, Jurgen Seppen, Peter Setlow, Stanley Brul","doi":"10.1093/femsre/fuaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsre/fuaf005","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial spores formed upon metabolic stress have minimal metabolic activity and can remain dormant for years. Nevertheless, they can sense the environment and germinate quickly upon exposure to various germinants. Germinated spores can then outgrow into vegetative cells. Germination of spores of some anaerobes, especially Clostridioides difficile, is triggered by cholic acid and taurocholic acid. Elevated levels of these bile acids are thought to correlate with a perturbed gut microbiome, which cannot efficiently convert primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. That bile acids are germination-triggers suggests these bacteria have a life cycle taking place partially in the mammalian digestive tract where bile acids are plentiful; notably bile acids can be made by all vertebrates. Thus, spores survive in the environment until taken up by a host where they encounter an environment suitable for germination and then proliferate in the largely anaerobic large intestine; some ultimately sporulate there, regenerating environmentally resistant spores in the C. difficile life cycle. This review summarizes current literature on the effects of bile acids and their metabolites on spore germination in the gut and evidence that adaptation to bile acids as germinants is a consequence of a life cycle both inside and outside the digestive tract.","PeriodicalId":12201,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbiology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Biodiversity of microorganisms in the Baltic Sea: the power of novel methods in the identification of marine microbes.

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf002

引用次数: 0

Evolving spectrum of Pneumocystis host specificity, genetic diversity, and evolution.

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf006

Liang Ma, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Alice Latinne, Spenser Babb-Biernacki, Barbara Blasi, Ousmane H Cissé, Joseph A Kovacs

{"title":"Evolving spectrum of Pneumocystis host specificity, genetic diversity, and evolution.","authors":"Liang Ma, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Alice Latinne, Spenser Babb-Biernacki, Barbara Blasi, Ousmane H Cissé, Joseph A Kovacs","doi":"10.1093/femsre/fuaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsre/fuaf006","url":null,"abstract":"Following over a century's worth of research, our understanding of Pneumocystis has significantly expanded in various facets, spanning from its fundamental biology to its impacts on animal and human health. Its significance in public health has been underscored by its inclusion in the 2022 WHO fungal priority pathogens list. We present this review to summarize pivotal advancements in Pneumocystis epidemiology, host specificity, genetic diversity and evolution. Following a concise discussion of Pneumocystis species classification and divergence at the species and strain levels, we devoted the main focus to the following aspects: the epidemiological characteristics of Pneumocystis across nearly 260 mammal species, the increasing recognition of coinfection involving multiple Pneumocystis species in the same host species, the diminishing host specificity of Pneumocystis among closely related host species, and the intriguingly discordant evolution of certain Pneumocystis species with their host species. A comprehensive understanding of host specificity, genetic diversity, and evolution of Pneumocystis can provide important insights into pathogenic mechanisms and transmission modes. This, in turn, holds the potential to facilitate the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of Pneumocystis infection.","PeriodicalId":12201,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbiology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial functional diversity and redundancy: moving forward. 微生物功能多样性和冗余：向前发展。

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae031

Pierre Ramond, Pierre E Galand, Ramiro Logares

引用次数: 0

The impact of phenotypic heterogeneity on fungal pathogenicity and drug resistance. 表型异质性对真菌致病性和耐药性的影响。

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf001

Lukasz Kozubowski, Judith Berman

引用次数: 0

Where the microbes aren't. 微生物不存在的地方。

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae034

Charles S Cockell

引用次数: 0

Microbial adaptive pathogenicity strategies to the host inflammatory environment. 微生物对宿主炎症环境的适应性致病策略。

IF 10.1 2区生物学

FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae032

Sophia U J Hitzler, Candela Fernández-Fernández, Dolly E Montaño, Axel Dietschmann, Mark S Gresnigt

{"title":"Microbial adaptive pathogenicity strategies to the host inflammatory environment.","authors":"Sophia U J Hitzler, Candela Fernández-Fernández, Dolly E Montaño, Axel Dietschmann, Mark S Gresnigt","doi":"10.1093/femsre/fuae032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsre/fuae032","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic microorganisms can infect a variety of niches in the human body. During infection, these microbes can only persist if they adapt adequately to the dynamic host environment and the stresses imposed by the immune system. While viruses entirely rely on host cells to replicate, bacteria and fungi use their pathogenicity mechanisms for the acquisition of essential nutrients that lie under host restriction. An inappropriate deployment of pathogenicity mechanisms will alert host defence mechanisms that aim to eradicate the pathogen. Thus, these adaptations require tight regulation to guarantee nutritional access without eliciting strong immune activation. To work efficiently, the immune system relies on a complex signalling network, involving a myriad of immune mediators, some of which are quite directly associated with imminent danger for the pathogen. To manipulate the host immune system, viruses have evolved cytokine receptors and viral cytokines. However, among bacteria and fungi, selected pathogens have evolved the capacity to use these inflammatory response-specific signals to regulate their pathogenicity. In this review, we explore how bacterial and fungal pathogens can sense the immune system and use adaptive pathogenicity strategies to evade and escape host defence to ensure their persistence in the host.","PeriodicalId":12201,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbiology reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0