Eye and Vision最新文献

{"title":"Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines on macular hole surgery by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS) and the Asia-Pacific Academy of Professors in Ophthalmology (AAPPO).","authors":"Nishant V Radke, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, David H Steel, Tian Tian, Alex P Hunyor, Andrew S H Tsai, Andrew Chang, Chung-May Yang, Chi-Chun Lai, Fangtian Dong, Jennifer I Lim, Jay Chhablani, Kenny H W Lai, Mahesh P Shanmugam, Peter Stalmans, Pradeep Venkatesh, Robert F Lam, Se Joon Woo, Shaochong Zhang, Taraprasad Das, Timothy Y Y Lai, Vinod Kumar, Xin Huang, Zhaotian Zhang, Zhaoyang Wang, Peiquan Zhao, Dennis S C Lam","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00446-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00446-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macular hole surgery, primarily pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM) and gas tamponade, has become the standard of care for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Despite the 85% to 95% anatomical closure rate, several aspects of the procedure are well accepted whereas some may remain controversial among vitreoretinal surgeons. An international panel of experts (IPE) comprising 27 experts from 10 countries/territories was established to evaluate a total of 38 consensus statements on ILM peeling extent, vital dye selection, face-down positioning requirements, tamponade options, timing of surgery and re-surgery, management of difficult and refractory cases, and adjuvant therapies. The objective is to synthesize evidence-based real-world practice recommendations from leading global experts to guide the management of FTMH. Of the 38 statements, the IPE reached consensus (75% voted as \"Strong Agreement\" or \"Agreement\") on 29 (76.3%). The IPE emphasized the importance of individualized patient factors-such as hole size, chronicity, lens status, and preoperative visual acuity-in surgical planning and tempering patient's postoperative expectations. There was strong agreement on the need of adequate peeling of the ILM, adjunctive measures including the inverted ILM flap, and face-down positioning for large and refractory FTMH. Controversial statements, such as the use of air tamponade or observation of small FTMH, not reaching consensus are identified. We hope the consensus statements agreed and disagreed by the IPE would help serve as good reference and guidelines in managing FTMH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) at the forefront of ocular diseases and therapeutics.","authors":"Yurong Shi, Ju Zhang, Wenxuan Duan, Linghan Gao, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00445-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00445-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, are multifunctional growth factors predominantly distributed in human bone tissue. Some studies also have revealed that BMPs are widely expressed in ocular tissues. Over the past two decades, research on the therapeutic application of BMPs has yielded significant advancements not only in the treatment of skeletal, cardiac, renal and neurological diseases but also in ocular conditions. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the significant therapeutic efficacy of BMPs in various ocular disorders, including myopia, corneal opacity, cataract, uveal melanoma, retinal detachment and other eye diseases. Studies have further identified that BMPs exert their actions through mechanisms closely associated with the canonical Smad pathway. Compared to traditional therapeutic drugs, BMPs exhibit some advantages, including low toxicity, minimal side effects, amongst others. However, numerous unresolved issues persist during in vivo and in vitro experiments. The objective of this review is to explore the advancements in the application of BMPs for the treatment of ocular diseases in animal models or in vitro experiments, and to provide some insights into the challenges that need to be addressed for the translation of BMP-based therapies into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics analysis uncovers metabolic changes and remodeling of anti-VEGF therapy on macular edema.","authors":"Congcong Yan, Quanyong Yi, Lina Ge, Ying Huang, Chun Yang, Bing Lin, Dan Jiang, Meng Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00444-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00444-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anti-angiogenic therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is currently the first-line treatment for macular edema (ME), but the specific metabolic changes in the aqueous humor (AH) after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 AH samples from 60 ME patients before and after anti-VEGF treatment were collected from the ophthalmology clinic and ward of the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the AH samples was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to identify metabolite differences before and after anti-VEGF treatment in patients with different ME etiologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct metabolomic profiles were observed between pre- and post-treatment samples. A total of 145 significantly altered metabolites were identified after anti-VEGF treatment, with 84 upregulated metabolites related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and 61 downregulated metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism. Both common and etiology-specific metabolic alterations were observed. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-ME, treatment-induced metabolic changes mainly involved amino acid metabolism, whereas in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)-ME, lipid metabolism was primarily affected. Diabetic macular edema (DME) patients showed more complex metabolic alterations, involving amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections significantly alter AH metabolites in ME patients. These findings provide insight into underlying metabolic processes in ME pathogenesis and treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide-angle fluid reservoir thickness changes during short-term scleral lens wear.","authors":"Feifu Wang, Stephen J Vincent, Pauline Cho, Yi Shen, Zihao Sheng, Meixiao Shen, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00443-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00443-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To analyze the fluid reservoir thickness over the whole cornea during scleral lens settling using wide-angle optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and customized computer software.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 75 participants were recruited - 29 (myopes) with regular corneas and 46 with irregular corneas (35 with keratoconus, and 11 post-keratoplasty). All participants were fitted with customized scleral lenses and anterior segment OCT (Tomey Casia 2) images were taken 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after lens application at the dispensing visit. Customized software was used to automatically segment the anterior cornea and the posterior surface of the scleral lens and determine the fluid reservoir thickness at 17 corneal regions across a 12 mm diameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fluid reservoir thickness decreased over time (P < 0.001) following an exponential decay, with no differences observed over time between the three groups (P = 0.97). The reduction in fluid reservoir thickness over four hours varied slightly between the central (149 ± 9 μm), mid-peripheral (139 ± 11 μm), and peripheral regions (131 ± 15 μm), P = 0.046. The fluid reservoir was thinnest in the superior mid-periphery for both the myopia and post-keratoplasty groups, and centrally for the keratoconus group. The fluid reservoir was thickest inferiorly for all groups, with the greatest level of asymmetry observed along the vertical meridian.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fluid reservoir thickness decreased most rapidly during the first two hours of lens wear and followed an exponential decay for both regular and irregular corneas across all corneal locations. Fluid reservoir asymmetry was greatest along the vertical meridian with a thicker reservoir observed in the inferior corneal regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic prioritisation of candidate drug targets for glaucoma through multi-trait and multi-omics integration.","authors":"Jianqi Chen, Yangjiani Li, Yingting Zhu, Zhidong Li, Shitong Huang, Wenzhi Huang, Yuyao Ling, Jingying Liang, Yunxia Leng, Yehong Zhuo","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00442-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00442-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glaucoma causes permanent blindness. Current treatments have limited effectiveness, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. We aimed to identify potential drug targets for glaucoma by integrating multi-trait and multi-omic analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We sourced druggable gene expression and protein abundance summary-level data from quantitative trait loci studies, and genetic associations with glaucoma from a large-scale multi-trait analysis. We employed proteome and transcriptome Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalisation to identify potential therapeutic targets, glaucoma endophenotype MR to explore the potential mechanisms of identified associations, and phenome-wide MR to investigate possible adverse effects of candidate targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified CPXM1 and FLT4 as tier 1; INSR as tier 2; and CPZ and PXDN as tier 3 druggable genes. Genetically predicted higher levels of CPXM1 [odds ratio (OR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81-0.91, P_FDR < 0.001], FLT4 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.87, P_FDR = 0.033), INSR (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43 - 0.78, P_FDR = 0.042), and CPZ (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.40 - 0.74, P_FDR = 0.033) were associated with decreased glaucoma risk while those of PXDN (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.54, P_FDR = 0.033) with increased risk. The associations for CPXM1 (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.39 - 0.73, P < 0.001) and FLT4 (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78 - 0.95, P = 0.005) were confirmed transcriptome-wide and colocalisation was confirmed for CPXM1 [posterior probability H4 (PPH₄) = 0.940], FLT4 (PPH₄ = 0.701), and INSR (PPH₄ = 0.706). The protective effects of CPXM1 and CPZ may be attributed to intraocular pressure-lowering activities. The risk associated with PXDN is due to its involvement in glaucomatous neuropathy. No significant adverse effects were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides novel insights into glaucoma pathophysiology and promotes pharmaceutical target innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient stacking ensemble learning model for automated keratoconus screening.","authors":"Zahra J Muhsin, Rami Qahwaji, Ibrahim Ghafir, Mo'ath AlShawabkeh, Muawyah Al Bdour, Saif Aldeen AlRyalat, Majid Al-Taee","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00440-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00440-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite extensive research on keratoconus (KC) detection with traditional machine learning models, stacking ensemble learning approaches remain underexplored. This paper presents a stacking ensemble learning method to enhance automated KC screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes a clinical dataset containing detailed corneal data from 2491 cases classified as non-KC (NKC), subclinical KC (SCKC) and clinical KC (CKC). Each cornea is represented by 79 features extracted from Pentacam imaging. Following extensive pre-processing, key corneal features that are strongly correlated with the target diagnosis are identified. These features are the keratometry of the steepest anterior point, surface variance index, vertical asymmetry index, height decentration index, and height asymmetry index. A novel stacking ensemble model is developed using the selected features to improve corneal classification into NKC, SCKC, and CKC by integrating top tree-based classifiers (random forest, gradient boosting, decision trees) with a support vector machine meta-classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pre-processing and feature selection techniques reduced the model's parameters to just 6.33% of the original dataset, improving classification performance, and cutting over 85% of the training time. The performance of the developed model was validated and tested on unseen data. Experimental results showed that the model outperforms existing studies, achieving 99.72% accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1, and F2 scores, with a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.995. It accurately classified all NKC and CKC cases, with just one misclassification involving an SCKC case. The model also demonstrated consistent performance on 100 additional unseen test cases, underscoring its generalizability and robustness in KC screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By combining the strengths of diverse base models and key Pentacam indices, the stacking ensemble approach ensures reliable, accurate KC screening, providing clinicians with an automated tool for early detection and better patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with conbercept: a post hoc analysis of the STAR study.","authors":"Tsung-I Wang, Jinfeng Qu, Ran Tang, Xuan Shi, Xin Ying, Ye Tao, Xiaoxin Li","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00441-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00441-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A post hoc analysis of the STAR study, which was a 48-week, phase IV, multicenter randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial was performed. This study aims to identify the baseline factors associated with visual and anatomic changes over 48 weeks in the treatment of active polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with conbercept.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the STAR study, 249 participants were randomized to either the 3 + Q12W (3 monthly injections followed by injections every 12 weeks) or 3 + TAE (3 monthly injections followed by treat and extend regimen) group. The association of 27 baseline factors with three outcomes-changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and maximum retinal thickness (MRT) from baseline to 48 weeks-was investigated using univariate regression analysis followed by multivariate linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final multivariate model indicated that worse baseline BCVA (P < 0.01), CRT ≤ 400 μm (P < 0.01), fewer polypoidal lesions (P < 0.01), and younger age at baseline (P = 0.04) were associated with greater BCVA gain at week 48. Higher CRT and MRT at baseline were associated with a greater reduction in CRT and MRT at week 48, separately (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Smaller pigment epithelial detachment (PED) volume at baseline was associated with greater reductions in CRT and MRT at week 48 (both P < 0.01). Eyes with relatively good BCVA (> 73 letters) at baseline exhibited lower reductions in CRT and MRT at week 48 (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). At week 48, eyes with hemorrhagic PEDs showed greater reductions in CRT and MRT than those with fibrovascular PEDs (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, eyes with shallow irregular or sharp-peaked PEDs exhibited greater reductions in CRT (both P < 0.01) and MRT (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) than those with multilobular PEDs from baseline to week 48.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Chinese patients with PCV receiving intravitreal injections of conbercept, baseline characteristics, including age, BCVA, CRT, MRT, number of polypoidal lesions, PED volume, and PED types and morphology, served as predictors of visual and anatomical changes over 48 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient satisfaction and quality of vision after bilateral implantation of enhanced monofocal IOL and mini-monovision: a prospective study.","authors":"Andrea Llovet-Rausell, Jorge Navalón-Tortosa, Vasyl Druchkiv, Javier Coloma-Bockos, Jaime Moya-Roca, Fernando Llovet-Osuna","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00439-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00439-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient expectations for post-cataract surgery outcomes have risen. This study aims to evaluate patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of enhanced monofocal IOL (RayOne EMV RAO200E) designed with positive spherical aberration, used for monovision with a 1.00 D offset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Patients underwent bilateral cataract surgery and implantation of an enhanced monofocal IOL (RayOne EMV IOL RAO200E, Rayner, Worthing, UK) with target refraction of -1.00 D in the non-dominant eye and emmetropia in the dominant eye. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed 3 months postoperatively using the Spanish version of the Catquest-9SF and a self-administered questionnaire. Other outcome measures included subjective refraction, visual acuity at various distances, and contrast sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both eyes of 51 patients were included (102 eyes). Three months postoperatively, all patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the overall surgical outcomes. The majority of patients reported that their vision during night driving was as good or better than before the surgery (95%); further, there was no difficulty in recognizing faces (93%), navigating uneven terrain (95%), and viewing prices while shopping (81%). The mean subjective spherical equivalent for dominant and non-dominant eyes were -0.24 ± 0.34 D and -0.86 ± 0.33 D, respectively. Binocular UDVA (4 m), UIVA (66 cm), and UNVA (40 cm) were 0.06 ± 0.09, 0.25 ± 0.12, and 0.30 ± 0.11 logMAR, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was within the population norms (CSV-1000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monovision with the RayOne EMV IOL provided high patient satisfaction, with preserved contrast sensitivity, good distance vision, and functional intermediate and near vision.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06528678. Registered 22 July 2024-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06528678 .</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between interleukins in aqueous humor and vitreous humor of vitreoretinal lymphoma patients.","authors":"Yurun Liu, Xinyi Zhou, Kaiyu Zhang, Shixue Liu, Ruiwen Li, Yifan Gong, Zhujian Wang, Tingting Jiang, Ting Zhang, Gezhi Xu, Junxiang Gu, Qing Chang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00438-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00438-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin detection is helpful in screening vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). However, the levels of interleukin in aqueous humor (AqH) can be abnormally low in some cases, leading to underdiagnosis of VRL merely dependent on AqH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of interleukins between paired AqH and vitreous humor (VH) samples in VRL cases, and to explore potential factors affecting interleukin levels and diagnostic parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a case series study. Reviewed were consecutive biopsy-proven B-cell VRL cases of which adequate paired AqH and VH samples were obtained for the measurement of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The correlations of IL-10 and IL-6 between AqH and VH were analyzed. Influences of clinical manifestations on IL levels and positive rates of IL-related parameters in AqH and VH were evaluated, which included AqH IL-10 > 30 pg/mL, VH IL-10 > 65 pg/mL, IL-10/IL-6 ratio > 1, and Interleukin Score for Intraocular Lymphoma Diagnosis (ISOLD) > 0 in both the AqH and VH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four eyes of 64 patients with VRL were included. IL-10 in VH was significantly higher than in AqH (median: 1159.77 vs. 225.74 pg/mL, P < 0.001). For both IL-10 and IL-6, the AqH concentrations were positively correlated with VH concentrations in the form of power functions (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The positive rate of AqH IL-10/IL-6 > 1 (77%) was lower than that of VH IL-10 > 65 pg/mL (91%), VH IL-10/IL-6 > 1 (89%) and VH ISOLD > 0 (91%). Eyes without intraretinal infiltration tended to have lower IL-10 levels in the AqH and VH (median: 141.08 pg/mL vs. 449.10 pg/mL, 825.48 pg/mL vs. 2285.77 pg/mL; P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and lower positive rates of AqH IL-10 > 30 pg/mL (78% vs. 97%, P = 0.018) and AqH ISOLD > 0 (76% vs. 97%, P = 0.033).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-10/IL-6 in AqH may not be as sensitive as the parameters (including IL-10, IL-10/IL-6 and ISOLD) in VH for VRL screening. Cases without intraretinal involvement were less likely to be positive for IL-10 > 30 pg/mL and ISOLD > 0 in AqH; the possibility of VRL should be ruled out more cautiously in these cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of fixation stability, corneal density, and epithelial hyperplasia on the efficacy of astigmatism correction by transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy.","authors":"Junjie Yu, Hao Zhou, Minjie Chen, Zhiqiang Yu, Xingtao Zhou, Yishan Qian","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00437-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00437-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) can be safely and predictably performed to correct low-to-high astigmatism. This study explored the effects of fixation stability, corneal density (CD), ocular residual astigmatism (ORA), and the surgically-induced change in the epithelial thickness (ΔET) on the efficacy of astigmatism correction by transPRK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-three consecutive patients who underwent transPRK to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism were divided into two groups according to refractive astigmatism [high refractive astigmatism (RA) group: ≥ 2.0 D, n = 31; low RA group: < 2.0 D, n = 52]. Fixation stability was evaluated by measuring the lateral movement of the pupil center on the eye tracker images. The CD was measured using a Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system, epithelial thickness mapping was performed using optical coherence tomography, and the ORA was determined using vector analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the correction index (CI) and angle of error (AOE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months postoperatively, the RA was higher in the high RA group (- 0.66 ± 0.44 D) than in the low RA group (- 0.29 ± 0.29 D, P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were found in CI or AOE between two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that for the low RA group, preoperative anterior CD of the central 2 mm (CD_0-2A, β =  - 0.482, P = 0.011) and ΔET (β = 0.295, P = 0.041), were associated with CI, whereas the vector length of the pupil center shift (PCVL, β =  - 0.404, P = 0.005) and ΔET (β =  - 0.293, P = 0.036) were associated with AOE. For the high RA group, ΔET (β = 0.519, P = 0.038) was associated with CI, whereas static cyclotorsion (β =  - 0.493, P = 0.040) was associated with AOE. No significant associations were found between ORA and CI or AOE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postoperative changes in epithelial thickness were associated with the efficacy of transPRK in both the low and high RA groups, whereas the pupil center shift and anterior CD were associated with the efficacy of transPRK in the low RA group.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}