Eye and Vision最新文献

{"title":"Highly efficient stacking ensemble learning model for automated keratoconus screening.","authors":"Zahra J Muhsin, Rami Qahwaji, Ibrahim Ghafir, Mo'ath AlShawabkeh, Muawyah Al Bdour, Saif Aldeen AlRyalat, Majid Al-Taee","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00440-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00440-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite extensive research on keratoconus (KC) detection with traditional machine learning models, stacking ensemble learning approaches remain underexplored. This paper presents a stacking ensemble learning method to enhance automated KC screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes a clinical dataset containing detailed corneal data from 2491 cases classified as non-KC (NKC), subclinical KC (SCKC) and clinical KC (CKC). Each cornea is represented by 79 features extracted from Pentacam imaging. Following extensive pre-processing, key corneal features that are strongly correlated with the target diagnosis are identified. These features are the keratometry of the steepest anterior point, surface variance index, vertical asymmetry index, height decentration index, and height asymmetry index. A novel stacking ensemble model is developed using the selected features to improve corneal classification into NKC, SCKC, and CKC by integrating top tree-based classifiers (random forest, gradient boosting, decision trees) with a support vector machine meta-classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pre-processing and feature selection techniques reduced the model's parameters to just 6.33% of the original dataset, improving classification performance, and cutting over 85% of the training time. The performance of the developed model was validated and tested on unseen data. Experimental results showed that the model outperforms existing studies, achieving 99.72% accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1, and F2 scores, with a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.995. It accurately classified all NKC and CKC cases, with just one misclassification involving an SCKC case. The model also demonstrated consistent performance on 100 additional unseen test cases, underscoring its generalizability and robustness in KC screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By combining the strengths of diverse base models and key Pentacam indices, the stacking ensemble approach ensures reliable, accurate KC screening, providing clinicians with an automated tool for early detection and better patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with conbercept: a post hoc analysis of the STAR study.","authors":"Tsung-I Wang, Jinfeng Qu, Ran Tang, Xuan Shi, Xin Ying, Ye Tao, Xiaoxin Li","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00441-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00441-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A post hoc analysis of the STAR study, which was a 48-week, phase IV, multicenter randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial was performed. This study aims to identify the baseline factors associated with visual and anatomic changes over 48 weeks in the treatment of active polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with conbercept.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the STAR study, 249 participants were randomized to either the 3 + Q12W (3 monthly injections followed by injections every 12 weeks) or 3 + TAE (3 monthly injections followed by treat and extend regimen) group. The association of 27 baseline factors with three outcomes-changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and maximum retinal thickness (MRT) from baseline to 48 weeks-was investigated using univariate regression analysis followed by multivariate linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final multivariate model indicated that worse baseline BCVA (P < 0.01), CRT ≤ 400 μm (P < 0.01), fewer polypoidal lesions (P < 0.01), and younger age at baseline (P = 0.04) were associated with greater BCVA gain at week 48. Higher CRT and MRT at baseline were associated with a greater reduction in CRT and MRT at week 48, separately (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Smaller pigment epithelial detachment (PED) volume at baseline was associated with greater reductions in CRT and MRT at week 48 (both P < 0.01). Eyes with relatively good BCVA (> 73 letters) at baseline exhibited lower reductions in CRT and MRT at week 48 (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). At week 48, eyes with hemorrhagic PEDs showed greater reductions in CRT and MRT than those with fibrovascular PEDs (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, eyes with shallow irregular or sharp-peaked PEDs exhibited greater reductions in CRT (both P < 0.01) and MRT (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) than those with multilobular PEDs from baseline to week 48.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Chinese patients with PCV receiving intravitreal injections of conbercept, baseline characteristics, including age, BCVA, CRT, MRT, number of polypoidal lesions, PED volume, and PED types and morphology, served as predictors of visual and anatomical changes over 48 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient satisfaction and quality of vision after bilateral implantation of enhanced monofocal IOL and mini-monovision: a prospective study.","authors":"Andrea Llovet-Rausell, Jorge Navalón-Tortosa, Vasyl Druchkiv, Javier Coloma-Bockos, Jaime Moya-Roca, Fernando Llovet-Osuna","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00439-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00439-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient expectations for post-cataract surgery outcomes have risen. This study aims to evaluate patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of enhanced monofocal IOL (RayOne EMV RAO200E) designed with positive spherical aberration, used for monovision with a 1.00 D offset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Patients underwent bilateral cataract surgery and implantation of an enhanced monofocal IOL (RayOne EMV IOL RAO200E, Rayner, Worthing, UK) with target refraction of -1.00 D in the non-dominant eye and emmetropia in the dominant eye. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed 3 months postoperatively using the Spanish version of the Catquest-9SF and a self-administered questionnaire. Other outcome measures included subjective refraction, visual acuity at various distances, and contrast sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both eyes of 51 patients were included (102 eyes). Three months postoperatively, all patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the overall surgical outcomes. The majority of patients reported that their vision during night driving was as good or better than before the surgery (95%); further, there was no difficulty in recognizing faces (93%), navigating uneven terrain (95%), and viewing prices while shopping (81%). The mean subjective spherical equivalent for dominant and non-dominant eyes were -0.24 ± 0.34 D and -0.86 ± 0.33 D, respectively. Binocular UDVA (4 m), UIVA (66 cm), and UNVA (40 cm) were 0.06 ± 0.09, 0.25 ± 0.12, and 0.30 ± 0.11 logMAR, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was within the population norms (CSV-1000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monovision with the RayOne EMV IOL provided high patient satisfaction, with preserved contrast sensitivity, good distance vision, and functional intermediate and near vision.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06528678. Registered 22 July 2024-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06528678 .</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between interleukins in aqueous humor and vitreous humor of vitreoretinal lymphoma patients.","authors":"Yurun Liu, Xinyi Zhou, Kaiyu Zhang, Shixue Liu, Ruiwen Li, Yifan Gong, Zhujian Wang, Tingting Jiang, Ting Zhang, Gezhi Xu, Junxiang Gu, Qing Chang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00438-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00438-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin detection is helpful in screening vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). However, the levels of interleukin in aqueous humor (AqH) can be abnormally low in some cases, leading to underdiagnosis of VRL merely dependent on AqH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of interleukins between paired AqH and vitreous humor (VH) samples in VRL cases, and to explore potential factors affecting interleukin levels and diagnostic parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a case series study. Reviewed were consecutive biopsy-proven B-cell VRL cases of which adequate paired AqH and VH samples were obtained for the measurement of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The correlations of IL-10 and IL-6 between AqH and VH were analyzed. Influences of clinical manifestations on IL levels and positive rates of IL-related parameters in AqH and VH were evaluated, which included AqH IL-10 > 30 pg/mL, VH IL-10 > 65 pg/mL, IL-10/IL-6 ratio > 1, and Interleukin Score for Intraocular Lymphoma Diagnosis (ISOLD) > 0 in both the AqH and VH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four eyes of 64 patients with VRL were included. IL-10 in VH was significantly higher than in AqH (median: 1159.77 vs. 225.74 pg/mL, P < 0.001). For both IL-10 and IL-6, the AqH concentrations were positively correlated with VH concentrations in the form of power functions (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The positive rate of AqH IL-10/IL-6 > 1 (77%) was lower than that of VH IL-10 > 65 pg/mL (91%), VH IL-10/IL-6 > 1 (89%) and VH ISOLD > 0 (91%). Eyes without intraretinal infiltration tended to have lower IL-10 levels in the AqH and VH (median: 141.08 pg/mL vs. 449.10 pg/mL, 825.48 pg/mL vs. 2285.77 pg/mL; P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and lower positive rates of AqH IL-10 > 30 pg/mL (78% vs. 97%, P = 0.018) and AqH ISOLD > 0 (76% vs. 97%, P = 0.033).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-10/IL-6 in AqH may not be as sensitive as the parameters (including IL-10, IL-10/IL-6 and ISOLD) in VH for VRL screening. Cases without intraretinal involvement were less likely to be positive for IL-10 > 30 pg/mL and ISOLD > 0 in AqH; the possibility of VRL should be ruled out more cautiously in these cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of fixation stability, corneal density, and epithelial hyperplasia on the efficacy of astigmatism correction by transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy.","authors":"Junjie Yu, Hao Zhou, Minjie Chen, Zhiqiang Yu, Xingtao Zhou, Yishan Qian","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00437-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00437-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) can be safely and predictably performed to correct low-to-high astigmatism. This study explored the effects of fixation stability, corneal density (CD), ocular residual astigmatism (ORA), and the surgically-induced change in the epithelial thickness (ΔET) on the efficacy of astigmatism correction by transPRK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-three consecutive patients who underwent transPRK to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism were divided into two groups according to refractive astigmatism [high refractive astigmatism (RA) group: ≥ 2.0 D, n = 31; low RA group: < 2.0 D, n = 52]. Fixation stability was evaluated by measuring the lateral movement of the pupil center on the eye tracker images. The CD was measured using a Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system, epithelial thickness mapping was performed using optical coherence tomography, and the ORA was determined using vector analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the correction index (CI) and angle of error (AOE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months postoperatively, the RA was higher in the high RA group (- 0.66 ± 0.44 D) than in the low RA group (- 0.29 ± 0.29 D, P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were found in CI or AOE between two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that for the low RA group, preoperative anterior CD of the central 2 mm (CD_0-2A, β =  - 0.482, P = 0.011) and ΔET (β = 0.295, P = 0.041), were associated with CI, whereas the vector length of the pupil center shift (PCVL, β =  - 0.404, P = 0.005) and ΔET (β =  - 0.293, P = 0.036) were associated with AOE. For the high RA group, ΔET (β = 0.519, P = 0.038) was associated with CI, whereas static cyclotorsion (β =  - 0.493, P = 0.040) was associated with AOE. No significant associations were found between ORA and CI or AOE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postoperative changes in epithelial thickness were associated with the efficacy of transPRK in both the low and high RA groups, whereas the pupil center shift and anterior CD were associated with the efficacy of transPRK in the low RA group.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of vitreoretinal lymphoma in Chinese patients (2024).","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Xiaoyan Peng, Dan Liang, Yaolong Chen, Wei Zhang, Yan Zhang, Meifen Zhang, Peizeng Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00434-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-025-00434-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is often a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in nature, and patients may have or eventually develop central nervous system lymphoma, which frequently leads to a poor prognosis. Currently, there are no international or domestic clinical guidelines specifically for the diagnosis and treatment of VRL, and no standardized diagnostic procedures or treatment evaluation systems for this disease. VRL is clinically characterized by prominent vitreous opacities, multiple lesions beneath the retinal pigment epithelium or subretinal, and intraretinal infiltration, making it one of the most common masquerade syndromes in ophthalmology. To promote early diagnosis and standardized treatment of VRL, the Ocular Immunology Group of the Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch has developed \"Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma in Chinese Patients (2024)\", based on extensive references to diagnosis, treatment experiences and relevant clinical recommendations. The working group systematically reviewed and comprehensively summarized the latest research evidence from both domestic and international sources. Using the Oxford Evidence Level System, we assessed the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. This guideline provides crucial academic references and clinical practice guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of VRL patients. This guideline, including VRL diagnostic methods, processes, and treatment recommendations is suitable for clinical practice in China and is intended to assist ophthalmologists in clinical diagnosis and treatment of VRL.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep duration modifies the association between obstructive sleep apnea risk and glaucoma: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Jae Hyeok Kwak, Do Young Park, Jong Chul Han","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00436-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-025-00436-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk and short sleep duration on glaucoma prevalence and intraocular pressure (IOP) using data from the 2019 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 7,732 KNHANES participants aged ≥ 40 years. OSA risk was assessed using the STOP-BANG questionnaire, with a high risk defined as a score ≥ 3. The diagnosis of glaucoma was based on the criteria of the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations among glaucoma prevalence, OSA risk, and sleep duration, adjusting for demographic and health-related variables. The interaction effects of OSA risk and sleep duration on glaucoma and IOP were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 7,732 participants, 5.28% (n = 408) were diagnosed with glaucoma. Individuals with a high risk of OSA had significantly higher odds of glaucoma compared to those with a low risk (odds ratio: 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.77; P < 0.05), with the STOP-BANG components \"snoring\", \"pressure\", and \"age\" being most associated with increased glaucoma risk. No significant association was observed between abnormal sleep duration (< 7 h or ≥ 9 h) alone and glaucoma prevalence (P > 0.05). Individuals with a high risk of OSA with a sleep duration < 9 h showed a significantly higher glaucoma prevalence than those with ≥ 9 h of sleep (P < 0.05), suggesting that sleep duration modifies the association between OSA risk and glaucoma. Similar trends were observed for IOP, with significant interaction effects between OSA risk and sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that sleep duration modulates the association between OSA risk and both glaucoma prevalence and higher IOP, highlighting the importance of including sleep duration in glaucoma risk assessments for patients with OSA. Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms underlying the association between OSA, sleep duration, and glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early diagnosis of keratoconus using corneal biomechanics and OCT derived technologies.","authors":"Xiaorui Wang, Sayo Maeno, Yixin Wang, Shizuka Koh, Shihao Chen, Andrew J Quantock, Siân R Morgan, Sally Hayes, Colm McAlinden","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00435-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-025-00435-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of keratoconus is essential for maximizing the potential of cross-linking treatments designed to halt keratoconus progression, minimizing the risks of iatrogenic ectasia as well as reducing the need for corneal transplantation. This review focuses on the progress that has been made in the early detection of keratoconus using biomechanical and topographical properties derived from three different technologies, namely the ocular response analyser (ORA), corneal visualization Scheimpflug tonometer (Corvis ST) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A PubMed search was performed using the keywords of 'early keratoconus', 'subclinical keratoconus', 'forme fruste keratoconus', 'very asymmetric ectasia with normal topography/tomography' and 'ocular response analyser' and/or 'Corvis ST'/'corneal visualized Scheimpflug tomographer/tomography' and/or 'optical coherence tomography/tomographer'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integration of biomechanical parameters and corneal morphological data from the topography/tomography or OCT, or the assessment of bilateral asymmetry, has demonstrated improvement in the accuracy of diagnosing early-stage keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As measurement principles differ depending on the technique used for keratoconus assessment, comprehensive metrics may be needed to reflect subtle anterior or posterior corneal changes and help identify eyes with very early ectasia. Although clinical experts have always, and will most likely, continue to play a pivotal role in decision-making for early keratoconus diagnosis, future developments in technology and AI may lead to enhanced early detection in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity negatively impacts corneal nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Calesta Hui Yi Teo, Chang Liu, Mingyi Yu, Isabelle Xin Yu Lee, Ansa Anam, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yadana Htunwai, Jasmine Shimin Koh, Suresh Rama Chandran, Yu-Chi Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00433-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-025-00433-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the relationship between obesity and corneal nerve metrics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included a total of 385 healthy controls and 663 patients with DM. Metrics for corneal nerve and epithelial cells were evaluated using in-vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Corneal nerve and epithelial cell parameters were quantified and compared between patients with and without obesity and across six different body mass index (BMI) categories. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between corneal nerve metrics and BMI in patients with DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the DM participants, 162 (25.4%) had obesity. Compared to the non-obese group, patients with obesity had significantly lower corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD, P < 0.0001), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL, P = 0.002), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD, P = 0.005). Analyses across different BMI categories showed a progressive decline in corneal nerve parameters including CNFD (P < 0.0001), CNFL (P < 0.0001), CNBD (P < 0.0001), corneal nerve fiber total branch density (P = 0.003), corneal nerve fiber area (P = 0.04), and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension (P = 0.02) with increasing obesity severity. Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that lower CNFD (β: - 0.21, 95% CI: - 0.29 to - 0.13, P < 0.0001), shorter CNFL (β: - 0.12, 95% CI: - 0.17 to - 0.07, P < 0.0001), and lower CNBD (β: - 0.17, 95% CI: - 0.30 to - 0.04, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with BMI after adjusting for confounders. There were no significant differences in the corneal epithelial parameters between the obese and non-obese groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>General obesity, specifically higher BMI, adversely affects corneal nerve health in individuals with DM. Evaluation of corneal nerves and resultant keratopathy should be considered in patients with DM and concomitant obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sturge-Weber syndrome secondary glaucoma: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.","authors":"Tingli Wen, Lixiang Wang, Hongmei Luo, Li Tang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-025-00432-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-025-00432-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare form of neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the involvement of neurologic, cutaneous and ocular problems. Among all SWS-related ocular abnormalities, glaucoma is the most common complication with a bimodal onset time. The occurrence of gene mutations in GNAQ has been identified as a cause of SWS. Recent studies have indicated that macrophages and mutations in GNA11 or GNB2 are also involved in the pathogenesis of SWS. Different mechanisms such as elevated episcleral venous pressure and focal venous hypertension can result in SWS secondary glaucoma (SG). In addition to glaucoma-related manifestations, SG may be associated with the typical site of facial port-wine birthmarks, choroidal vascular malformation and other ocular features. Medication and surgery are still the mainstay for SG. ROCK inhibitors have shown good performance in the control of intraocular pressure in SG but have not been verified in large sample populations. Due to the anatomical abnormalities, the incidence of surgical complications is higher. Non-penetrating surgical procedures, known for their safety and hypotensive characteristics, may be preferable instead. In general, the treatment of SG is a challenging undertaking. Early detection and treatment are crucial to preserve the visual function of patients with SWS. This review provides an overview of its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, therapeutic agents, surgeries, and recent advances in the field of SG. The aim is to offer the latest perspectives and insights for the understanding and diagnosis of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"12 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}