Eye and Vision最新文献

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of orthokeratology versus highly aspherical lenslets in slowing myopia progression: a retrospective study.","authors":"Minfeng Chen, Xianling Yang, Huihui Lei, Jiayi Song, Yue Tang, Xiaochi Chen, Zhanmei Du, Menghua Han, Xinjie Mao","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00505-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-026-00505-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the axial length (AL) elongation between orthokeratology (OK) and highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) in children with myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included children with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ranging from - 0.50 to - 9.00 D who were treated with OK lenses or HAL spectacles. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics, including age, SER, sex, and baseline AL. The primary outcome was the 12-month AL elongation. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age (8-9, 10-11, and 12-14 years) and refractive error categories (mild: - 0.50 to - 3.00 D; moderate: - 3.00 to - 5.00 D; high: - 5.00 to - 9.00 D).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, 3,122 matched pairs (n = 6,244) with balanced baseline characteristics were included. Overall, OK group had greater AL elongation over 12 months than the HAL group (0.20 ± 0.18 mm vs. 0.15 ± 0.17 mm; P < 0.001). In age-stratified analyses, the OK group demonstrated greater AL elongation than the HAL group among younger children, including those aged 8-9 years (0.26 ± 0.18 mm vs. 0.19 ± 0.18 mm; P < 0.001) and 10-11 years (0.17 ± 0.17 mm vs. 0.12 ± 0.17 mm; P < 0.001). By contrast, no significant between-group difference was observed in children aged 12-14 years (P = 0.305). SER-stratified analyses revealed a refractive-error-dependent pattern. In children with mild myopia (- 0.50 to - 3.00 D), the OK group demonstrated greater AL elongation than the HAL group (P < 0.001). By contrast, among children with high myopia (- 5.00 to - 9.00 D), the OK group had lower AL elongation than the HAL group (P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed for moderate myopia (P = 0.950). Subgroup analyses were performed using a propensity score-matched cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HAL were associated with less AL elongation in younger children and those with mild myopia, whereas OK lenses were associated with less AL elongation in children with high myopia. No significant differences between treatment modalities were observed in children with moderate myopia or in older children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a predictive model for visual outcomes and risk factors of bilateral involvement for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in Chinese patients.","authors":"Xintong Xu, Mingming Sun, Shanshan Cao, Chunyan Pan, Yuhang Wang, Biyue Chen, Andrew G Lee, Jost Jonas, Quangang Xu, Shihui Wei, Huanfen Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00504-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-026-00504-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with bilateral involvement and to develop a predictive model for visual prognosis in Chinese patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective database-related meta-analysis, we retrospectively identified patients with NAION from the Chinese Neuro-Ophthalmic Diseases project database between September 2020 and December 2024. The clinical characteristics of the patients were summarized. Logistic and stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with bilateral involvement. Patients were randomly divided into training (75%) and validation (25%) cohorts. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression analyses were used to develop a model for predicting factors associated with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤ 0.3 (decimal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 895 patients (560 [62.57%] males, 1,128 eyes; mean age: 55.6 ± 10.4 years). Bilateral NAION was present in 226 (25.3%) patients. At the follow-up examination, 522 patients (730 eyes) had a BCVA ≤ 0.3 in 369 (50.6%) eyes. Bilateral NAION involvement was associated with hyperlipidemia (t = 2.02, P = 0.04), hematologic disorders (t = 2.31, P = 0.02), and smoking (t = 4.79, P < 0.01). Risk factors for a BCVA ≤ 0.3 at follow-up were a lower BCVA at onset (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.82, P < 0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.10-8.03, P = 0.03), hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 11.59, 95% CI: 1.87-71.97, P = 0.01), and macular serous detachment (OR = 6.70, 95% CI: 1.34-33.40, P = 0.02). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83-0.87) for the training cohort and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86) for the validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hyperlipidemia, hematologic disorders, and smoking were significant risk factors for bilateral NAION, whereas the severity of vision loss at onset, diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, and macular serous detachment were associated with poor visual prognosis in Chinese patients with NAION.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative genomic and proteomic analyses identify candidate genetic loci and genetically supported proteins in age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Ning Chen, Yukang Liu, Zejun Chen, Yishen Xiang, Honghua Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00502-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-026-00502-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment; however, robust drug targets for primary prevention remain elusive. This study aimed to identify candidate genetic loci and putative genetically supported proteins for AMD through integrative genomics and proteomics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (28,543 cases and 1,072,092 controls) was performed to identify risk loci, followed by proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR), colocalization, and multi-omics summary-data-based MR with heterogeneity in dependent instruments (SMR-HEIDI) analyses to infer genetically supported proteins. Functional characterization included gene enrichment, single-cell RNA sequencing, mediation across 731 immunophenotypes, and a mouse knockout assessment. Druggability was evaluated using the Drug-Gene Interaction Database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GWAS meta-analysis identified 10 candidate genetic loci for AMD (including three previously reported and seven newly identified loci). Proteome-wide MR and colocalization analyses uncovered 23 genetically supported plasma proteins (11 risk and 12 protective factors). Multi-omics SMR-HEIDI analysis prioritized LAMC2 and PLTP as first-tier risk genes, which was consistently supported across protein, expression, and methylation levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed cell-type-specific enrichment of key genes in monocytes and stromal/progenitor-like cells within AMD retinas, and subsequent mediation analysis identified specific immune traits, most notably regulatory T-cell subsets, as potential partial mediators of AMD risk. Druggability assessment identified 15 target genes, and bioinformatic enrichment nominated cyclophosphamide. Given the toxicity profile of cyclophosphamide, this computational finding serves strictly as a pathway indicator, reinforcing the broader therapeutic relevance of modulating the identified immune-related targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our integrative analyses identified candidate genetic loci and genetically supported proteins for AMD, providing a foundation for translating genomic findings toward primary prevention. The exploratory nature of this study highlights the need to experimentally validate the proposed targets and underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal refractive changes following orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease: dominant role of axial configuration and globe position with contributions from surgical technique and corneal biomechanics.","authors":"Mingqian Yu, Jiaqi Tang, Yueyue Li, Yue Li, Gaojing Jing, Youhan Ao, Rui Ma, Feng Liu, Mei Ge, Qinghua Yang, Meiluo Zhang, Mengyu Peng, Bing Nie, Xinji Yang, Wei Wu, Liqiang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00499-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00499-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to characterize the longitudinal refractive outcomes of orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease (TED), compare refractive trajectories across decompression strategies, and identify the anatomical correlates and baseline predictors of postoperative refractive changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective longitudinal study included 57 eyes of 46 patients with moderate-to-severe TED who underwent orbital decompression. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations including eyelid position parameters, refractive and axial measurements, and corneal biomechanical and tomographic assessments were performed preoperatively and during postoperative follow-up. Postoperative observations were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) models with restricted cubic splines, with time treated as a continuous variable to allow flexible modeling of temporal patterns. Multivariate GEE models were used to compare decompression strategies, evaluate associations between postoperative ocular biometric changes and postoperative refractive changes, and identify baseline predictors of clinically significant postoperative myopic drift.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Orbital decompression was associated with a biphasic pattern of refractive change characterized by an initial myopic shift, followed by partial hyperopic recovery over time (P < 0.001), with the greatest myopic shift occurring at approximately 2-3 months postoperatively. The refractive trajectories differed significantly across decompression strategies. Compared with one-wall decompression, two-wall decompression demonstrated a greater magnitude and more rapid progression of refractive change, as well as an increased risk of clinically significant myopic drift, independent of decompression extent. Standardized GEE analyses identified postoperative changes in measured axial length as the strongest correlate of postoperative refractive change (P < 0.001). Additional associations were observed for changes in exophthalmos, eyelid position, corneal biomechanics, and corneal tomographic parameters. Several baseline ocular biometric parameters were independently associated with susceptibility to clinically significant postoperative myopic drift.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orbital decompression induces dynamic postoperative refractive changes that vary according to decompression strategy and individual ocular characteristics. Postoperative refractive changes appeared to peak at approximately 2-3 months and partially recovered thereafter, with refractive status gradually approaching relative stabilization over time, suggesting that definitive refractive correction may be better deferred until postoperative stabilization. These findings provide clinically relevant insights into postoperative refractive behavior and may support individualized surgical planning and perioperative management for TED.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of orthokeratology with different back optic zone diameters on corneal biomechanics and myopia control: a 1-year randomized, double-blind, self-controlled study.","authors":"Ruisi Xie, Yan Huo, Xiaoqin Chen, Xiaorui Liu, Ying Guo, Zhengyuan Qu, Yutong Li, Xiaoyu Zhang, Haohan Zou, Guoxing Zhao, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00503-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00503-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess the long-term effects of orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses with varying back optic zone diameters (BOZDs) on corneal biomechanical properties and explore their relationship with myopia control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 1-year prospective, randomized, double-blind, self-controlled study enrolled 36 myopic children aged 9-12 years. Thirty subjects (60 eyes) completed the 1-year follow-up period. The subjects were randomly fitted with a 5-mm BOZD (5BOZD) lens in one eye and a 6-mm BOZD (6BOZD) lens in the fellow eye. Corneal biomechanics were measured using Corvis ST at baseline and at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after ortho-k wear. Axial length (AL) was measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after ortho-k wear, and AL elongation (ΔAL) was calculated relative to baseline. Statistical analyses were performed to compare intergroup differences and examine the correlations between ΔAL and changes in biomechanical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ΔAL was significantly smaller in the 5BOZD groups compared to the 6BOZD groups at both 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05). The stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1) significantly increased at 6 months in both groups (P < 0.05). At 12 months, the first applanation time (A1 time) and integrated radius significantly increased, while the first applanation velocity (A1 velocity) and stress-strain index (SSI) significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). In the 6BOZD group, ΔAL showed a significant positive correlation with ΔA1 time at 6 and 12 months (r_6m = 0.385, r_12m = 0.424, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term ortho-k therapy increased SP-A1, A1 time, integrated radius, and decreased A1 velocity, reflecting enhanced corneal resistance and elasticity. Compared to the 5BOZD lens, the traditional 6BOZD lens demonstrated relatively greater corneal elasticity, possibly reducing myopia control efficacy. A smaller BOZD may offset these corneal biomechanical changes and improve the management of myopia. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061048).</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and extension of the SUCCESS score for Fuchs dystrophy after cataract surgery.","authors":"Francisco Arnalich-Montiel, Martha Stokking, Nerea Saenz-Madrazo, Jaime Etxebarria-Ecenarro, Pedro Arriola-Villalobos, Maria Gessa-Sorroche, Ana Martín-Ucero, Alfonso Muriel, Anabel Blasco-Moreno, Ana Vázquez-Fariñas, Verónica Gomez-Calleja, Francisco J Muñoz-Negrete, David Mingo-Botín","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00501-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00501-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate preoperative identification of patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) who are at risk of requiring endothelial keratoplasty (EK) after cataract surgery remains challenging. The SUbClinical Corneal Edema Scheimpflug Study (SUCCESS) score was previously developed to estimate this risk using Scheimpflug tomography. We aimed to prospectively and externally validate the SUCCESS score in an independent multicenter cohort and determine whether the incorporation of corneal densitometry improves predictive performance and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective multicenter cohort study, 207 eyes from 177 patients with FECD grade ≥ 2 and visually significant cataract were enrolled across six tertiary hospitals in Spain (June 2020 to October 2024), with follow-up through May 2025. After predefined exclusions, 178 eyes (149 patients) were analyzed. The original SUCCESS score was used without recalibration. An extended model incorporated peak mean corneal densitometry within the central 3-mm zone. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards models. Discrimination, calibration, reclassification, and clinical utility were assessed using Harrell's C-index, Brier score, net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 37.0 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10.1-45.9), 38 eyes (21%) met the criteria for EK, with 82% of events occurring within 6 months after phacoemulsification. The original SUCCESS score demonstrated good discrimination (C-index = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.86) with slight underestimation of absolute risk (predicted 16.4% vs. observed 21.6%). Incorporation of corneal densitometry improved discrimination (C-index = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90; ΔC = + 0.05; P = 0.0047), reduced prediction error (ΔBrier = - 0.019; P < 0.001), and enhanced risk reclassification (NRI = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.14-0.64; P = 0.002), including correct upward reclassification of 26% of eyes requiring EK. The extended model provided greater net benefit at relevant decision thresholds (25%-50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this multicenter external validation study, the SUCCESS score demonstrated a robust performance in predicting postoperative EK in FECD. The addition of corneal densitometry provided incremental improvements in discrimination and clinically meaningful risk stratification, particularly in intermediate-risk cases. Standardized Scheimpflug-based risk assessment may support individualized surgical planning and referral decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Clinical evaluation of a new fully automated biometer integrating optical low-coherence reflectometry and Placido-disk topography.","authors":"Yihong Chen, Xinning Yang, Zheng Li, Bowen Tan, Kexin Li, Giacomo Savini, Domenico Schiano-Lomoriello, Xingtao Zhou, Chak Seng Lei, Jinhai Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00500-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00500-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo biomechanical property detection of the ciliary muscle based on optical coherence tomography and digital image correlation technology.","authors":"Jingsong Wang, Shenglong Luo, Yixin Li, Shenao Yi, Ning Xu, Tong Wang, Yang Gao, Ruyu Yan, Fan Lu, Junjie Wang, Yilei Shao","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00498-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00498-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate a digital image correlation (DIC) methodology based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for quantifying in vivo ciliary muscle (CM) deformation and strain during accommodation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was comprised of three phases. First, the measurement performance was examined across two SS-OCT systems (CASIA2 and VG200D) and four scanning modes (R1, R8, R16, and R64) by comparing the DIC-derived displacements with the simulated ground-truth fields. Second, reliability was validated using a \"cross-image\" strategy, in which artificial deformations were applied to biological images to assess tracking accuracy under realistic speckle noise. Third, 23 subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: control group (CN, n = 7), high myopia group (HM, n = 7), and elderly group (n = 9). Macroscopic morphological parameters (anterior CM length change and maximum CM thickness change) and biomechanical parameters (e.g., equivalent strain) were extracted synchronously.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The R8 scanning mode in the CASIA2 device exhibited the most stable acquisition configuration. The robustness of the ncorr‑DIC algorithm was verified through the second-step experiment. Under the accommodative stimulus of - 5.0 D, the effective strain exhibited a highly significant graded attenuation among groups: CN (0.28 ± 0.06) > HM (0.20 ± 0.03) > Elderly (0.16 ± 0.05) (P = 0.002). Morphological changes were consistent with this finding, and CM thickening was significantly greater in the CN group than in the other two groups (P = 0.003). Combined analysis revealed that the mean effective strain was not only significantly positively correlated with macroscopic muscle thickening (r = 0.70, P < 0.001) but was also highly correlated with accommodation amplitude (r = 0.69, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DIC-based OCT analysis is feasible for assessing the biomechanical response of CM. By quantifying mechanical attenuation associated with HM and age-related decline, this method provides a new functional biomarker for investigating the mechanisms of accommodation dysfunction and guiding clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of axial elongation in adults with high myopia: the Wenzhou High Myopia Cohort Study.","authors":"Yuan Wang, Xue Rui, Yue Sun, Yan Li, Shihao Ding, Zhilu Zhang, Jie Lu, Meixin Wu, Jia Qu, Xiangtian Zhou, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00496-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00496-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying individuals at high risk of axial elongation is crucial for managing adults with high myopia, as further elongation substantially increases the risk of vision-threatening complications. This study aimed to identify the optimal predictors for axial elongation in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study enrolled 1025 eyes from 532 adults with high myopia (18-60 years). We evaluated the predictive performance of nine candidate variables for rapid axial elongation, defined as a 2-year axial elongation of at least 0.10 mm. Predictors were selected using bidirectional stepwise regression. Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the incremental value of the new model was quantified using integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean annual axial elongation rate was 0.020 ± 0.051 mm/year, and 24.78% of eyes developed rapid axial elongation. Stepwise regression constructed a full model (AUC = 0.811) including six predictors-age, sex, axial length, best-corrected visual acuity, choroidal thickness (ChT), and vascularity index. ChT showed the highest individual discriminative ability (AUC = 0.728), followed by age (AUC = 0.666). Removing age or ChT from the full model reduced the AUCs to 0.735 and 0.753, respectively (both P < 0.001), with IDIs of  - 0.116 and - 0.095 (both P < 0.001). In contrast, excluding sex only resulted in an IDI of - 0.008 (P = 0.032). Simplified models combining age and ChT, with or without sex, showed discrimination comparable to that of the full model, with only modest reductions in predictive performance (IDIs: -  0.028 and - 0.033, respectively; both P < 0.05). In the bivariate model, the predictive cut-off of ChT decreased progressively with age, ranging from 187 µm at age 20 to 29 µm at age 60. The results remained consistent in sensitivity analyses using alternative axial elongation definitions (0.05 mm and 0.15 mm). Nonlinear relationship analyses revealed that thinner choroids were associated with faster axial elongation rate only below an inflection point.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ChT and age are the optimal predictors for axial elongation in adults with high myopia. These findings establish their dominant role in personalized management and support further investigation into choroidal architecture to guide proactive, choroid-centered strategies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047424).</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulations reveal shared mechanisms and myopia-specific targets of atropine in myopia and dry eye disease.","authors":"Meng Lin, Wanyi Shu, Guo Hua, Zhikang Duan, Jia Qu, Liang Hu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-026-00493-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40662-026-00493-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atropine is an effective agent for myopia control; however, clinical reports have indicated potential side effects associated with inducing or exacerbating dry eye disease (DED). It remains unclear whether the therapeutic targets involved in atropine-mediated myopia control overlap with those potentially associated with ocular surface effects. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise the shared or distinct target landscape and plausible molecular pathways through which atropine may contribute to myopia control while also being associated with dry eye-related symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In silico analysis was performed to explore the molecular interactions of atropine in controlling myopia and DED. The target lists for atropine, myopia, and DED were sourced from six public databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses identified common and unique pathways. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created and analysed using Cytoscape to identify hub genes using six ranking algorithms. Targets were stratified into shared Class I and myopia-prioritised Class II categories by integrating retinal and pan-ocular expression data. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to assess the binding affinities of atropine to prioritised targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 57 shared Class I and 19 Class II myopia-prioritised targets were identified; 19 hub genes were consistently ranked across the six algorithms. Class I targets converge on inflammatory and extracellular-matrix-remodelling pathways. Evidence of ocular expression supports the biological relevance of the prioritised targets in both classes. Docking showed favourable atropine binding to representative Class I targets (EGFR, MMP2, MMP9, and MAPK1) and Class II candidates (PIK3R1 and AKR1B1). MD simulations supported stable complexes for eight atropine-target pairs, with MM-PBSA binding free energy estimates supporting the computational prioritisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shared Class I targets may potentially link the effects of atropine on both myopia control and DED, along with Class II targets specific to myopia, thereby generating testable hypotheses regarding the dual ocular effects of atropine and informing future mechanistic and translational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12194,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Vision","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}