Experimental eye research最新文献

{"title":"Aging affects retinal oxygen and blood flow metrics in mice","authors":"Farzan Abdolahi ,&nbsp;Mansour Rahimi ,&nbsp;Rutuja Zinjal ,&nbsp;Sava Sakadzic ,&nbsp;Mahnaz Shahidi","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Aging affects the eyes and is a major risk factor for ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on retinal oxygen and blood flow metrics in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-seven C57BL/6 mice were included in four age groups (3-month-old (m): N = 18, 9m: N = 13, 15m: N = 8, and 21m: N = 8). Retinal arterial and venous diameters (D_A, D_V), venous blood velocity (V_V), and arterial and venous oxygen contents (O_2A, O_2V) were measured by our established multimodal imaging system. Average blood flow (BF), oxygen delivery (DO₂), metabolism (MO₂), and extraction fraction (OEF) were calculated. ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc analyses were performed to determine the effect of age on variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found significant differences in V_V, BF, O_2A, O_2V, and DO₂ among the age groups. V_V was significantly lower in the 21m (<em>p</em> = 0.004) and marginally lower in 15m (<em>p</em> = 0.06) compared to the 3m group, representing reductions of 41% and 30%, respectively. BF was lower in the 21m than the 3m group (<em>p</em> = 0.007), a 42% reduction. Additionally, O_2A and O_2V were significantly lower in 21m compared to the 9m group (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05), indicating reductions of 30% and 65%, respectively. DO₂ was significantly decreased in the 21m compared to 15m (<em>p</em> = 0.05) and 9m (<em>p</em> = 0.04) groups, representing reductions of 46% and 44%, respectively. Differences in MO₂, OEF, D_A, and D_V did not reach statistical significance (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.07).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results showed that retinal vascular oxygen content, oxygen delivery rate, and blood flow were significantly reduced in older mice and established baselines for retinal physiological biomarkers according to age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biometric survey of known and prospective murine models of posterior microphthalmia-nanophthalmia","authors":"Navdeep Gogna ,&nbsp;Jai Pinkney ,&nbsp;Lisa Stone,&nbsp;MHD Mustafa Khorzom,&nbsp;Fuxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Gayle B. Collin,&nbsp;Juergen K. Naggert,&nbsp;Mark P. Krebs,&nbsp;Patsy M. Nishina","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Posterior microphthalmia and nanophthalmia are related genetic conditions that disrupt ocular growth. Here, we conducted a biometric analysis of mouse models to assess shared features of these diseases. Three known microphthalmia alleles (<em>Mfrp</em>^<em>rd6</em>, <em>Prss56</em>^{<em>glcr4</em>}, and <em>Adipor1</em>^{<em>tm1Dgen</em>}) and two prospective alleles (<em>C1qtnf5</em>^{<em>tm1.1(KOMP)Vlcg</em>} and <em>Prss56</em>^{<em>em2(IMPC)J</em>}) were introgressed onto the C57BL/6J (B6) genetic background and compared to B6 mice at 1 through 12 months of age. Biometric parameters obtained using optical coherence tomography were analyzed statistically to identify strain differences. Fundus imaging and histological analyses were performed to assess ocular morphology. <em>Mfrp</em>^<em>rd6</em>, <em>Prss56</em>^{<em>glcr4</em>}, and <em>Prss56</em>^{<em>em2(IMPC)J</em>} mice had significantly shorter axial and posterior lengths, and longer anterior chamber depth compared to controls at all ages studied. <em>Adipor1</em>^{<em>tm1Dgen</em>} mice exhibited similar, but less severe, biometric changes. Axial length was not significantly changed in <em>C1qtnf5</em>^{<em>tm1.1(KOMP)Vlcg</em>} mice, but reduced anterior chamber depth and increased lens thickness were observed at one month of age. Lens and corneal thicknesses were otherwise unchanged in the models as compared to B6 controls. Corneal radius of curvature, examined at 4 months of age, was significantly decreased in all models relative to controls. Micropthalmia was observed independent of retinal degeneration (<em>Mfrp</em>^<em>rd6</em>, <em>Adipor1</em>^{<em>tm1Dgen</em>}) or retinal thickening (<em>Prss56</em> mutants). <em>Prss56</em> mutants developed retinal folds that were absent from other mutants and controls. We conclude that, in mice, <em>Mfrp</em>, <em>Prss56</em>, and <em>Adipor1</em> mutations yield similar microphthalmia phenotypes involving both the anterior and posterior eye. Changes to anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and corneal curvature in <em>C1qtnf5</em>^{<em>tm1.1(KOMP)Vlcg</em>} mice suggest a role of <em>C1qtnf5</em> in anterior ocular growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asparagine alleviates naphthalene-induced lens opacity by suppressing ferroptosis","authors":"Tingting Cui ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Furong Gao ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Lixia Lu ,&nbsp;Jieping Zhang ,&nbsp;Haibin Tian ,&nbsp;Guo-Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Caixia Jin ,&nbsp;Yanlong Bi ,&nbsp;Qingjian Ou ,&nbsp;Jing-Ying Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cataract, with lens opacity as its feature, often cause vision loss. The main clinical treatment is lens replacement surgery, which usually works well for most of the patients, but not for all. And researching drugs to delay or treat cataracts is also very important socially and scientifically. This study explored the effect of asparagine (Asn) on cataracts. <em>In vivo</em>, a naphthalene-induced cataract model in rats was set up, focusing on lens opacity. <em>In vitro,</em> SRA01/04 cells or cultured lenses were treated with the naphthalene metabolite 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,2-DHN) to study cellular mechanisms. The results showed that Asn effectively reduced lens opacity in rats with naphthalene-induced cataracts. <em>In vitro</em> experiments revealed that the ATF3/GPX4 signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism by which asparagine inhibits ferroptosis in lens epithelial cells induced by 1,2-DHN, playing a crucial role in this process. When given orally, Asn could cut down the accumulation of ferrous ions caused by naphthalene, stop the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and ease the depletion of glutathione (GSH). In short, our findings suggest that Asn can protect against naphthalene-induced cataracts by reducing ferroptosis. This new discovery surely creates new research directions and strategies for future cataract prevention and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical insulin treatment efficacy in rat corneal epithelial wound healing model and comparison of efficacy with topical hyaluronate treatment","authors":"Sena Karabay Kılıçarslan ,&nbsp;Gökhan Tortumlu ,&nbsp;Leyla Asena ,&nbsp;Caner İncekaş ,&nbsp;Fatma Helvacıoğlu ,&nbsp;Dilek Dursun Altınörs","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine the effect of topical insulin on healing of the corneal epithelium in a rat corneal epithelial defect model, comparing it to artificial tears and non-treated controls. 28 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups in this study. A 2 mm diameter epithelial defect was created at the central cornea of one eye under sedation. Group A had untreated epithelial defects, Group B received 0.15 % sodium hyaluronate qid, and Group C received topical 1IU/mL insulin qid. The last group was healthy controls. Biomicroscopic examinations were performed at the 4th hour, 12th hour, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day0. The defect size of epithelium was photographed during each examination using fluorescein staining. The area of the defect was calculated using the ImageJ software to determine the percentage of defect closure. On the 10th day, corneal tissues were excised for histopathological examination, after sacrification. Topical insulin and sodium hyaluronate treatment groups showed faster healing rate of corneal epithelial defect closure biomicroscopically compared to the untreated group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of epithelial defect closure between topical insulin and sodium hyaluronate groups. Histopathologically, topical insulin group showed superior epithelial remodeling at the fine structural level. Although no biomicroscopic difference was observed in corneal epithelial healing with topical insulin treatment compared to sodium hyaluronate, it has been demonstrated to be more effective histopathologically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia modulates corneal fibrotic markers and inflammatory cytokine expression in a sex-dependent manner","authors":"Jessica L. Bradshaw ,&nbsp;Brenda Vasini ,&nbsp;Steve Mabry ,&nbsp;Brenna S. Hefley ,&nbsp;E. Nicole Wilson ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Gardner ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Karamichos","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a commonly observed condition in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previous studies link CIH to fibrosis, inflammation, and hormonal dysregulation across various tissues. Yet, the effect of CIH in the cornea is unknown. Moreover, women and men diagnosed with OSA present with diverse symptoms, suggesting sex-specific pathophysiology at play. Thus, we used a rat model to assess the impact of CIH and sex on protein expression of corneal fibrotic markers (α-SMA, COL III, cFN, TSP-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 α, IL-17, IL-18, and IFN-γ), and hormone receptors (ERα, ERβ, GPER, GnRH-R, and LH-R). Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to normoxic or CIH conditions during their sleep cycle for 14 days. Extracted corneal proteins were subjected to Western blot and multiplex magnetic bead analysis. Our results reveal sex differences in fibrotic and inflammatory markers in the cornea, whereby female corneas exhibit higher levels of fibrotic markers, while male corneas exhibit increased inflammatory cytokines. CIH exposure resulted in elevated levels of α-SMA and pro-inflammatory cytokines in female corneas, while there was no impact on fibrotic or inflammatory markers in male corneas. Additionally, CIH exposure reduced hormone receptors in male and female corneas in a sex-dependent manner. Correlation analyses identified associations of corneal hormone receptors with corneal fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers that were dependent on sex, with female corneas demonstrating stronger correlations compared to male corneas. Altogether, our data suggests hormone-mediated signaling may contribute to CIH-mediated corneal fibrosis and inflammatory phenotypes, especially in females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spermidine mitigates blue-light-induced corneal injury by alleviating oxidative stress and restoring autophagy impairment","authors":"Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Jiayun Ge ,&nbsp;Jiru Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Dongjie Song ,&nbsp;Zongchan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yutong Xia ,&nbsp;Yanqing Li ,&nbsp;Zhitong Chen ,&nbsp;Kuangqi Chen ,&nbsp;Ye Shen ,&nbsp;Jianping Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the protective efficacy of spermidine on corneal epithelium exposed to photodamage from artificial blue light (BL). After six weeks of BL exposure, the rabbit cornea exhibited epithelial injury and delayed wound healing accompanied by downregulation of spermidine, as identified through metabolomic analysis. Pathways related to autophagy and the antioxidant response were implicated in this process. <em>In vitro</em>, spermidine mitigated BL-induced reductions in viability and proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells, decreased cell death, and enhanced colony formation. Spermidine also partially reversed BL-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and autophagy impairment. Furthermore, topical administration of spermidine eye drops reduced epithelial injury in the rabbit cornea under BL exposure, demonstrating benefits in promoting cell proliferation, accelerating wound healing, and maintaining antioxidant capacity and autophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing structure - Function relationships in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Emily Y. Chew ,&nbsp;Catherine Cukras ,&nbsp;Jacque L. Duncan ,&nbsp;Chantal Dysli ,&nbsp;Ye He ,&nbsp;Erin Henry ,&nbsp;Frank Holz ,&nbsp;Eric Moult ,&nbsp;Cynthia Owsley ,&nbsp;Austin Roorda ,&nbsp;David Sarraf ,&nbsp;Roy Schwartz ,&nbsp;Richard Spaide ,&nbsp;Lori Taylor ,&nbsp;Michel Teussink ,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Giovanni Staurenghi","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of visual impairment in industrialized countries. Challenges in defining structural/functional relationships at various stages of disease especially with non-neovascular AMD, have slowed therapeutic development. Development of such sensitive and specific markers associated with AMD progression could provide the basis necessary for future regulatory outcome variables that will be useful in assessing new, innovative AMD therapies. Advanced imaging technologies such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence and near infrared imaging; and functional tests including rod-mediated dark adaptation, microperimetry, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy and others will be important in the evaluation of these structure/function correlations. Development of more advanced methods to study structure such as high-resolution OCT and <em>en face</em> OCT offer further opportunities to better correlate structure and function in clinical trials, and to better define useful biomarkers of visual outcome endpoints. Dark adaptation, although correlated with AMD stage, is difficult to incorporate as endpoint in clinical trials because dark adaptation changes slowly and the technique is time consuming. Microperimetry has become a useful outcome variable in many clinical trials and new methodology may improve its utility in structure-function correlation. These and other newer techniques will require further prospective studies to determine their clinical utility in early AMD detection, prediction of disease progression from intermediate to late stages, and the ability to monitor the advancement of non-neovascular AMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of brimonidine on retinal ganglion cell function by in vivo calcium imaging of optic nerve crush in mice","authors":"Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Tia J. Kowal ,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Ning ,&nbsp;Chien-Hui Lo ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Liu ,&nbsp;Yingchun Shen ,&nbsp;Jing Yu ,&nbsp;Haiying Jin ,&nbsp;Yang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brimonidine has shown neuroprotective effects in animal studies, but clinical trials failed to demonstrate effective endpoints. Here, we used a newly developed in vivo calcium imaging method to measure RGC function of brimonidine in mice optic nerve crush (ONC) models. To transduce RGCs in vivo, wild-type C57Bl/6j mice were treated with intravitreal AAV2-mSncg-jGCaMP7s, a live-cell Ca²⁺ tracer. RGCs are defined as 10 subtypes according to different responses to UV light. Mice were treated with topical brimonidine or placebo three times daily for two weeks after ONC. The calcium signals of live-cell RGCs were measured with the Heidelberg cSLO system. Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and IOP were examined at different timepoints after treatment. RGCs were counted after RBPMS immunostaining. Live calcium imaging showed ONC significantly decreased RGC number at 14 days post-ONC compared to controls. The topical brimonidine administration changed calcium signal responses of RGC to UV light in ONC mice. It showed brimonidine partly prevented the decrease of survival ON-RGCs percent after ONC. Single RGC analysis showed a lower conversion percent of ON-RGCs to OFF-RGCs with brimonidine administration after ONC. However, no significant differences in RGC survival, IOP or GCC thickness were noted between eyes treated with brimonidine or placebo. In the acute ONC mice model, in vivo calcium imaging revealed that brimonidine maintained the Ca²⁺ activation of ON-RGCs to UV stimulation, inhibiting the conversion of survival ON-RGCs to OFF-RGCs. This indicates that ON-RGCs may be more resilient to acute optic nerve injury based on the calcium imaging method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further evaluation of the effectiveness and superiority of hyaluronic acid combined preparations (trehalose, dexpanthenol and coenzyme Q10 & vitamin E) in experimental alkali model","authors":"Yucel Yigit ,&nbsp;Gozde Sahin Vural ,&nbsp;Yurdagul Girgin ,&nbsp;Basak Isildar ,&nbsp;Pakize Nur Akkaya ,&nbsp;Gamze Tanriverdi ,&nbsp;Muhammed Dara Tas ,&nbsp;Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The objective of this study was to undertake a more comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and comparative advantage of hyaluronic acid (HA) combined preparations in an experimental alkali model.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In the present study, experimental chemical burns were induced in the right eyes of 22 New Zealand rabbits. The eyes were then divided into four groups for subsequent analysis: Trehalose + HA (Group T, n = 6); dexpanthenol + HA (Group P, n = 6); coenzyme Q10+vitamin E + HA (Group V, n = 6); and one control group (CG, n = 4).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no statistically significant difference in the size of the epithelial defect area between the groups on days 1, 3, and 5. However, a marked difference in the healing of epithelial defects was observed. Histologic analysis revealed optimal healing in terms of stromal edema, epithelial disruption, and lymphatic infiltration in group P. Alpha SMA (alpha smooth actin)-positive areas was higher in groups P and V. Electron microscopic examination revealed enhanced anterior surface epithelial formation and collagen arrangement in the treatment groups compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of the present study are consistent with those of other studies in the literature, which have shown the superiority of trehalose, dexpanthenol, and coenzyme Q10 to the control group. Furthermore, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations revealed that the P and V groups exhibited superior healing signs in comparison to the T group. Notably, our study is the first to comparatively analyze artificial tears with trehalose, dexpanthenol, and coenzyme Q10 in terms of epithelial defect healing, incorporating electron microscopic examination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a clock in the cornea?","authors":"Eric B. Papas ,&nbsp;Nuriye Gunler ,&nbsp;Shalini Nanayakkara ,&nbsp;Azadeh Tavakoli ,&nbsp;Sultan Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Vinod Maseedupally ,&nbsp;Nico Dames","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overnight corneal swelling response is generally attributed to hypoxia but other factors, such as osmolarity, may contribute. A seldom considered alternative is that the response represents a biological rhythm instigated by the dark/light cycle. The purpose of this study was to investigate that possibility. Ten participants wore goggles designed to exclude light from one eye only, while allowing normal blinking and access to the external atmosphere. Measurements taken from both eyes, prior to and after 6 h of goggle wear, included corneal thickness (epithelial and stromal, centrally and in 4 concentric annuli), intraocular pressure and tear film osmolarity. Data were fitted by linear mixed models to assess the effect of light deprivation. Mean changes (SD) in central corneal thickness for light exposed eyes were 6.8 (8.1) μm in the epithelium and −4.0 (9.3) μm in the stroma. Corresponding values for light deprived eyes were −.1 (10.8) μm and 5.1 (10.6) μm. Corneal thickness changes (epithelial or stromal) between light deprived and light exposed eyes were not significant in any location (p &gt; 0.23). Neither intraocular pressure, nor tear film osmolarity altered significantly (p &gt; 0.6). These data show that monocular darkness does not generate corneal thickness changes, a finding which does not support the hypothesis that corneal thickness control is light mediated in humans. The possibility remains that such a mechanism does exist but contributes only a relatively minor portion to the response and/or has a triggering mechanism that is presently uncharacterised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}