Experimental eye research最新文献

{"title":"Intraretinal variation in disease severity in the Oatrhg mouse model of gyrate atrophy","authors":"Robin J. Wilder,&nbsp;Andrea F. An,&nbsp;Brent A. Bell,&nbsp;Georgia Fossett,&nbsp;Alaina M. Wojciechowski,&nbsp;Ivan Shpylchak,&nbsp;Katherine E. Uyhazi","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gyrate atrophy is an autosomal recessive retinal degeneration caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), a mitochondrial enzyme required for ornithine degradation. Deficiency of OAT leads to hyperornithinemia and progressive chorioretinal atrophy that results in permanent vision loss. Strict dietary arginine restriction can slow the progression of the disease, but long-term adherence to the diet is challenging and not curative. Here, we characterize the retinal structure and function of the retarded hair growth (<em>Oat</em>^<em>rhg</em>) mouse model of gyrate atrophy in order to identify appropriate outcome measures for future therapeutic approaches. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), histological sections, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) flat mounts of 12-month-old <em>Oat</em>^<em>rhg</em> mice revealed a well-defined patch of atrophy in the superonasal and occasionally inferior retina, characterized by RPE cell mounding, migration, and hypertrophy. The remainder of the retina was indistinguishable from age-matched wild type controls, and full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were not significantly different between <em>Oat</em>^<em>rhg</em> and wild type mice. Therefore, unlike mice harboring the perinatal-lethal null mutation in OAT (<em>O</em>at^Δ) which exhibit a loss of central photoreceptor cells and decreased ERG signal starting at 4 months, the <em>Oat</em>^<em>rhg</em> mouse exhibits a milder phenotype with intraretinal variation in disease severity that is reminiscent of the regional predilection observed in patients. These structural abnormalities are not sufficient to negatively impact retina-wide function but are accessible to monitoring by multimodal retinal imaging for testing of novel treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P2 component latency of fVEP as a bioindicator for clinical and diagnostic use in visual pathologies","authors":"Fei Liao ,&nbsp;Pedro de la Villa ,&nbsp;Haitao Liu ,&nbsp;Francisco Germain ,&nbsp;Ting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The signaling of flash visual evoked potential (fVEP) derives from the retina, but how retinal activity influences fVEP remains unclear. This work aimed to decipher the specific retinal kinetic contributions to fVEP response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Monocular and simultaneous recordings of flash VEP and electroretinogram were performed. Healthy and adult mice C57BL/6J were used. The right eye was injected intravitreally with 1 μL of PBS containing 25 mM APB, 10 mM Bicuculline, 30 mM DNQX, 100 mM Glutamate, 100 mM GABA, 5 mM TPMPA, or 25 mM HEPES. The left eye was injected with 1 μL of PBS and then wore an opaque patch. The amplitude and latency of fVEP were analyzed in detail.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the control group, at light intensity ≤ 0.1 cd·s/m², four robust components of the fVEP recordings, N1, P1, N2, and P2, were identified in dark adaptation conditions. After administration reagents, N1 and P1 components were abolished by APB, Bicuculline, DNQX or TPMPA, but were preserved by GABA/Glutamate or HEPES. Notably, N2 and P2 components were always kept. The latency and amplitude of fVEP were shown to be stimulus-dependent. Nevertheless, the amplitude showed greater inter-individual variability than latency.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>N1 and P1 components are strongly related to rod photoreceptor activity and/or the level of horizontal cell excitation. Latency, rather than fVEP amplitude, could be a good biomarker for clinical and diagnostic purposes, particularly the P2 latency in the rod-driven scotopic response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinol-binding protein 3 in vitreous and plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles is reduced in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Aadhithiya T. Gr ,&nbsp;S. Bhavani ,&nbsp;Sahana Kuppuraj ,&nbsp;Sagnik Sen ,&nbsp;Prithviraj Udaya ,&nbsp;Naresh Babu Kannan ,&nbsp;Kim Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Kuppamuthu Dharmalingam ,&nbsp;Daipayan Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, progressing asymptomatically in its early stages and often leading to irreversible blindness. With the global diabetic population projected to reach 643 million by 2030, there is an urgent need for reliable predictive molecular signatures of vision-threatening DR (VTDR). Most reported circulatory biomarkers lack evidence of direct involvement in DR pathogenesis, underscoring the need for DR-specific factors that reflect retinal angiogenic pathophysiology. In this study, we utilized extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-encased nanovesicles known for their stability in biofluids, to explore the altered protein cargo of vitreous humor-derived small EVs (VH-SEVs) from patients with proliferative DR (PDR), an advanced stage of DR. Shotgun mass spectrometry identified retinol-binding protein 3 (RBP3), a photoreceptor-derived retinoid transporter with protective roles in DR, within VH-SEVs. VH-SEV-associated RBP3 levels were significantly reduced in PDR patients compared to those with macular hole (MH), as confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA. Additionally, we detected RBP3 in plasma SEVs using immunoblotting and ELISA, revealing a decreasing trend in SEV-RBP3 levels across DR groups, with progressively lower levels in patients with non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and PDR. Notably, plasma SEV-RBP3 levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients with PDR compared to those without retinopathy. In conclusion, this study identifies RBP3, a DR-relevant retinal protein, within circulatory SEVs, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for VTDR and paving the way for its clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological and histopathological changes in alkali burn-induced ocular surface pannus: Implication on success vs. failure of SLET","authors":"Abhinav Reddy Kethiri ,&nbsp;Anahita Kate ,&nbsp;Madhuri Amulya Koduri ,&nbsp;Abhishek Sahoo ,&nbsp;Harsha Agarwal ,&nbsp;Tejaswini Pingali ,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Md Hasnat Ali ,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Sayan Basu ,&nbsp;Vivek Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the histopathological and immunological characteristics of human alkali burn ocular surface pannus in successful and failed cases of simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Paraffin embedded pannus sections of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) patients who underwent simple limbal epithelial transplantation were obtained from pathology. Samples included both cases of SLET failure (n = 12) and success (n = 7). Histological features were assessed using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic acid–Schiff staining while infiltrated immune cells were characterised using immunohistochemistry. Data were represented as mean or median with the interquartile range and standard deviation. Multiple comparisons of means by linear mixed effect model with Tukey contrast and Bonferroni method were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Conjunctivalization of the cornea that led to fibrous pannus formation was confirmed by the presence of CK19+ and CK3/12- cells. The median percentage of immune cell infiltrates like T-cells (CD3; success (9 %; IQR-9.2) <em>vs.</em> failure (23.5 %; IQR-10.2), (CD5; success (2.2 %; IQR-3) <em>vs.</em> failure (13.4 %; IQR-18.3), B-cells (CD20; success (3.2 %; IQR-3.2) <em>vs.</em> failure (4.1 %; IQR-5.5), antigen presenting cells (co-stimulatory CD40; success (7.8 %; IQR-8.9) <em>vs.</em> failure (16.4 %; IQR-7.1), and plasma cells (CD138; success (1.1 %; IQR-2.1) <em>vs.</em> failure (3.6 %; IQR-3.5) were identified in the pannus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights a significantly higher infiltration of immune cells in the pannus and surrounding ocular tissue in cases of SLET failure compared to successful outcomes. These findings suggest that, strategies to reduce immune infiltration such as immunotherapy, corticosteroids, or amniotic membrane grafting should be considered prior to SLET to improve the success of limbal transplant surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells via suprachoroidal injection: A novel approach for experimental uveitis treatment","authors":"Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Zihan Li ,&nbsp;Sitong Pan ,&nbsp;Yunqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Defu Wu ,&nbsp;Lin Kang ,&nbsp;Chan Zhao ,&nbsp;Chun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuran Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uveitis is a group of vision-threatening inflammatory diseases, and current treatment options are mainly limited to corticosteroids, which often have side effects and do not address the underlying immune dysregulation. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells cultivated in vitro have gained attention for their immune-regulating, neurotrophic, and tissue-regenerative properties, making them a promising candidate for treating uveitis. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (HUMSCs) combined with a novel suprachoroidal microinjector for targeted delivery in a rabbit model of experimental uveitis (EU). No significant clinical or histological changes were observed following HUMSCs injection in normal Chinichilla rabbit eyes. In the EU model, treatment with HUMSCs and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) significantly alleviated uveitis symptoms compared to phosphate-buffered saline, with notable improvements in anterior chamber inflammation and vitreous opacity scores. Both treatments also reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, VEGF, MIP-1α, IL-17A, bFGF) in the aqueous humor. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses showed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and microglial activation. Additionally, RNA sequencing revealed that HUMSCs injection downregulated key genes in the Th17 differentiation pathway, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of EU. These findings establish the safety and efficacy of suprachoroidal injection of HUMSCs, highlighting their potential as an effective, targeted therapeutic approach for uveitis, with results comparable to TA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of retinal autophagy after a blast simulated microgravity in rats","authors":"Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Yuyu Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Ren ,&nbsp;Wenqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Quanxing Shi ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Caiyun Gao ,&nbsp;Ling Luo ,&nbsp;Jianwen Gu ,&nbsp;Chuang Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging research has confirmed the crucial role of autophagy, an endogenous repair mechanism, in various blast injuries. However, its role in explosive ocular injury (EOI) under microgravity (MG) and normal gravity (NG) environments remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in retinal lesions and retinal autophagy over time following EOI under both NG and MG environments. This study employed the hind-limb unloading model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to simulate MG conditions and used self-made device with compressed gas to induce EOI. SD rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: normal gravity control group (NG + non-EOI group), normal gravity model group at 1 day post-EOI injury (NG + EOI 1dpi group, n = 20), normal gravity model group at 7 days post-EOI injury (NG + EOI 7dpi group, n = 20), microgravity control group (MG + non-EOI group), microgravity model group at 1 day post-EOI injury (MG + EOI 1dpi group, n = 20), and microgravity model group at 7 days post-EOI injury (MG + EOI 7dpi group, n = 20). Evaluations of ocular health (gross pathology and histology), and retinal autophagy (histology and WB) were conducted before EOI, as well as at 1 and 7 days following EOI. Compared to the NG + non-EOI group, the NG + EOI group rats exhibited significant increases in autophagy-related proteins and genes in the retina, including Beclin1, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, ATF4, GRP78, CHOP, ATG5, and ATG7, along with a decrease in p62, indicating an elevation in retinal autophagy and ER-phagy levels. Retinal lesions, disintegration, and autophagosomes in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and photoreceptor inner/outer segment layers (PISL/POSL) diminished over time in the NG + EOI group rats. Meanwhile, the MG + EOI group rats exhibited more severe retinal lesions and disintegration, along with an increased number of autophagosomes in the GCL and PISL/POSL, with these symptoms worsening over time compared to the MG + non-EOI group. Compared to the MG + non-EOI group, the MG + EOI group rats exhibited significant decreases in autophagy-related proteins and genes in the retina, including Beclin1, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, ATF4, GRP78, CHOP, ATG5, and ATG7, along with an increase in p62, suggesting a reduction in retinal autophagy levels. Taken together, retinal autophagy and ER-phagy may serve as a self-protective mechanism following EOI under NG conditions. However, under MG conditions, EOI may disrupt this protective mechanism, potentially causing irreversible retinal damage and increasing the risk of blindness in astronauts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a competing endogenous RNA regulatory network in pterygium and role of hsa_circ_0081682 in fibroblast proliferation, migration, and apoptosis","authors":"Xinyu Tang ,&nbsp;Qiaodan Yang ,&nbsp;Yulian Dou ,&nbsp;Ruiying Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth associated with chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis, which invades the cornea. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as pivotal role in many diseases, but their role in pterygium remains unclear. We performed circRNA and miRNA expression profiling on pterygium and conjunctival tissues, then the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. Bioinformatics was used to predict downstream pathways. Pterygium fibroblasts were used for experiments assessing proliferation (CCK8, EdU), migration (wound healing, transwell), and apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC/PI). We identified 162 differentially expressed circRNAs and 96 miRNAs. Key pathways involved in pterygium pathogenesis, including focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt signaling, were predicted. Hsa_circ_0081862 was downregulated in pterygium tissues and fibroblasts, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis. This research constructed a ceRNA network and identified hsa_circ_0081682 as the potential diagnostic marker for pterygium. This research contributes to the understanding of biochemical basis of pterygium, which may facilitate the development of targeted strategies for its management and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial alteration of metabolites in diabetic cortical cataracts: New insight into lactate","authors":"Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Wu ,&nbsp;Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Guowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihua Kang ,&nbsp;Huaijin Guan ,&nbsp;Min Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to use metabolomics to accurately reveal alterations in metabolites and potential regulatory mechanisms in patients with diabetic cortical cataracts (DCC). We first collected cortical samples from different pathological areas of the same lens in DCC patients for metabolomics. Then, we used transcriptomic analysis to study lactate's effect on gene expression in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). An in vitro rat lens culture assay evaluated lactate's impact on lens transparency, and WB and immunofluorescence assessed lactate-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage in rat LECs. Furthermore, CHIP sequencing and LC-MS identified H3K18la separately modified genes and potential lactylation proteins in HLECs. Immunoprecipitation validated lactylation levels of proteins. Our findings identified 11 upregulated and 18 downregulated metabolites in the opacity zone of LFCs (OZ-LFCs) compared to the clear zone (CZ-LFCs) in DCC patients. We confirmed the differential lactate content between OZ-LFCs and CZ-LFCs and, through transcriptomic analysis, discovered that lactate affects gene expression, protein metabolism, and DNA repair in primary Human Lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Lactate-induced apoptosis and DNA repair hastened lens opacity in a high-sugar rat lens culture model. Lactylation-MS and H3K18la-ChIP sequencing revealed 591 H3K18la-modified genes and 953 lactylation proteins in HLECs. PKM2 and NPM1 lactylation was confirmed through immunoprecipitation. These findings improve our grasp of spatial dynamics in DCC patient metabolomics and suggest a new research path into lactylation modification to understand lactate's role in cataract formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the RIMR 2024 special issue","authors":"Marie Csete,&nbsp;Frederick L. Ferris III,&nbsp;SriniVas R. Sadda","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilosomes as a novel ocular drug delivery system: Assessing the material attributes, process parameters, and quality attributes","authors":"Nisha Rajbhar ,&nbsp;Devansh Singhal ,&nbsp;Harsh P. Nijhawan ,&nbsp;Piyush Verma ,&nbsp;Govind Soni ,&nbsp;Khushwant S. Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bilosomes are lipidic or surfactant-based nanovesicles with bile salts as key constituents and have emerged as promising carriers for diverse administration routes, including topical, oral, transdermal, and ophthalmic applications. In ocular drug delivery, bilosomes have provided some unique advantages over traditional nano-vesicular systems, which include improved permeation, prolonged retention, enhanced stability, and high deformability, resulting in better drug availability for therapeutic action. This review focuses on the quality attributes and process parameters that govern the design and functionality of bilosomes for ocular drug delivery. By addressing critical material attributes and certain formulation techniques, we provide insights into how these factors influence the stability, permeability, and therapeutic efficacy of bilosome-based systems. Advancements in bilosome formulations for treating ocular disorders, such as glaucoma, bacterial conjunctivitis, and keratitis, are highlighted. Additionally, the potential of surface-modified bilosomes with targeting moieties to enhance drug delivery characteristics is discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of bilosome-based approaches, including decorated bilosomes, as a novel strategy for addressing challenges in ocular drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 110364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}