Experimental eye research最新文献

{"title":"CRB1 mutations cause structural and molecular defects in patient-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells","authors":"Yini Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqin Liang ,&nbsp;Yalan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zekai Cui ,&nbsp;Jianing Gu ,&nbsp;Siqi Xiong ,&nbsp;Jiansu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mutations in the <em>CRB1</em> gene can cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Leber congenital amaurosis, and other retinopathies, with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) being a primary affected cell type. However, the effects of <em>CRB1</em> variants on RPE cells remain poorly defined. Here, for the first time, we report an in vitro model of patient-specific RPE cells carrying the <em>CRB1</em> mutations (c.2249G &gt; A and c.2809G &gt; A) to study <em>CRB1</em>-associated RP disease. The patient-derived RPE cells exhibited irregular cell morphology, sparse apical microvilli, abnormal tight junctions, and reduced expression of RPE markers. We also observed that impaired barrier function and phagocytosis lead to increased apical-to-basal movement of fluorescent molecules in disease RPE cells. Notably, transcriptomic analysis revealed decreased expression of cell junction-related genes. In addition, aggregated RPE cells on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microwells significantly enhanced RPE phenotype and cell survival, which was associated with anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-aging, and anti-apoptosis. In this study, our results reveal that <em>CRB1</em>-mutated RPE cells generated using RP patient-derived iPSCs could recapitulate the genotype-phenotype features of the disease and provide insights into the pathogenesis of <em>CRB1</em>-associated RPE cells. In addition, our study developed a cell aggregation culture method based on PDMS microwell platforms for the production of highly active and mature iPSC-derived RPE cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing-based prediction of antibiotic-resistance of ocular Staphylococcus aureus across six continents","authors":"Jiawei Shen,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasir,&nbsp;Mark Willcox","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is a leading cause of ocular infections, resulting in vision loss in severe cases. Understanding the antibiotic resistance profiles of ocular <em>S. aureus</em> can help customize treatments. However, there is a lack of global data on the resistance patterns of ocular isolates and comparative regional analyses. Hence, WGS data from 195 ocular <em>S. aureus</em> isolates across six continents were analysed to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and predict antibiotic resistance phenotypes in this study. A total of 40 ARGs were detected, involving resistance mechanisms against aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolide-lacosamide-streptogramin B (MLS_B), glycopeptides, tetracyclines, other antibiotic classes, and efflux pump regulators. Notably, the prevalences of ARGs associated with efflux pump regulators and beta-lactams were particularly high (&gt;80 %). Resistance to 45 antibiotics was predicted across the isolates, with 51 % identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), while only 8 % were predicted to be fully susceptible to all predicted antibiotics. Regional data varied, with isolates from North America and Asia exhibiting the most extensive resistance patterns, showing predicted resistance to 45 and 41 antibiotics, respectively. In contrast, Oceanian isolates were predicted to be resistant to only 14 antibiotics. Beta-lactams showed the highest predicted resistance prevalence among all antibiotic classes. Notably, North American isolates showed markedly higher resistance to MLS_B antibiotics. A high proportion of cloud genes highlights the need for monitoring regional resistance. This study provides antibiotic resistance profiles among ocular <em>S. aureus</em> using WGS prediction, emphasizing the importance of regional surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to suggest effective treatment strategies. It is recommended that WGS of more strains be deposited to overcome limited data, and laboratory tests be performed to analyse the consistency between genetic predicted and phenotypic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of different riboflavin concentrations and infiltration times on rabbit scleral crosslinking","authors":"Yuyan Huang ,&nbsp;Rongrong Gao ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Aodong Chen ,&nbsp;Qingqing Jiang ,&nbsp;Shengnan Ding ,&nbsp;Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Keith M. Meek ,&nbsp;Qinmei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongxing Chen ,&nbsp;Jinhai Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the photosensitizer content, diffusion depth and crosslinking effects in rabbit sclera with different riboflavin (Rf) infiltration times and concentrations. For the fluorescence study, rabbit eyes were infiltrated in Rf solutions of different concentrations for different durations on the sclera. The scleral Rf infiltration depth and fluorescence intensity were analyzed with an LSM710 confocal microscope, and the Rf content was detected by the absorbance of the sclera homogenate supernatant. Ultraviolet A was used to perform scleral crosslinking (SXL). The effect of SXL was evaluated using uniaxial tensile testing and enzymatic resistance testing, and the biological safety was evaluated using HE and TUNEL staining. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation was used to clarify the change in collagen fiber diameter. Rf quickly infiltrated the full scleral thickness at 0.05 % concentration for 5 min. The scleral Rf content was not statistically different after infiltration with 0.5 % Rf for 5 min or 10 min. The scleral tissues of the 0.1 % Rf-30 min group and the 0.5 % Rf-5 min group were digested completely within 22.7 ± 1.9 h and 25.3 ± 5.5 h, respectively. At 10 % strain, the Young's modulus of the 0.5 % Rf-5 min group was significantly higher than the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.0004). No obvious structural damage was observed in the retina or sclera, and the diameter of collagen fibers in the outer and middle scleral layers increased significantly after SXL. Ultimately, Rf infiltration at a concentration of 0.5 % for 5 min helped to shorten operation time and improve SXL effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor and associated peptides on the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells","authors":"Chao-Wen Lin ,&nbsp;Shang-Chih Yang ,&nbsp;Vladlen Klochkov ,&nbsp;Ta-Ching Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Kai Huang ,&nbsp;Wei-Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retinal ganglion cell degeneration is the main cause of irreversible vision loss in optic neuropathies. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and its smaller peptide components (44-mer and 17-mer) have shown neuroprotective effects. In this study, using a stepwise protocol we investigated their effects on human-induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation to retinal ganglion cells. Various concentrations of PEDF, 44-mer and 17-mer were added at day 18. Investigated compounds significantly upregulated the expression of retinal ganglion cells-specific (Brn3b, Sncg), retinal progenitor (Pax6) and neuroaxonal markers (Tau, NFH). They also highly increased Brn3b expression, as well as neurite length and density, supporting their neurotrophic properties. Our findings suggest that PEDF and its smaller peptide components, 44-mer and 17-mer, can be suggested as neuroprotective agents for the promotion of retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. 44-mer and 17-mer have comparable or even higher effects to full-length PEDF and might also bypass PEDF usage limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction: Innovative strategies to combat glaucoma neuroinflammation","authors":"Wen Lu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Liao ,&nbsp;Xinchen Jiang ,&nbsp;Manjuan Peng ,&nbsp;Que Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Ming Lu ,&nbsp;Xuanchu Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glaucomatous optic neuropathy represents a prevalent optic nerve degenerative disease. Neuroinflammation is recognized as a significant mechanism underlying optic nerve damage in glaucoma; however, the precise mechanisms driving neuroinflammation remain largely elusive. Existing studies have indicated that microglia-driven neuroinflammation is pivotal for neuroinflammation onset and progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction, encompassing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, metabolic deficiencies, and quality control impairments, is upstream of microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Thus, a deeper comprehension of the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and microglial activation in glaucoma may provide valuable insights into the underlying pathogenesis. As a result of these findings, promising avenues for developing effective interventions to mitigate optic nerve damage and preserve visual function in glaucoma patients have been identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M2 Macrophages Mitigate Ocular Surface Inflammation and Promote Recovery in a Mouse Model of Dry Eye.","authors":"Wang Yingming, Gao Jing, Wu Tianhong, Wang Zhenyu","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2025.110439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability and ocular surface damage. Ocular surface inflammation, triggered by multiple pathogenic factors, represents one of the key mechanisms in DED pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages conditioned medium (M2-CM) on ocular surface inflammation and their potential mechanisms in improving dry eye symptoms in a mouse model. Mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) were polarized into M2 macrophages by IL-4 under different osmolarities, and M2-CM was collected. Flow cytometry and ELISA were applied to measure the cytokine expression of the M2 macrophages. Primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (CECs) were co-cultured with RAW264.7 and M2 macrophages using a Transwell system. The viability and migration of CECs were assessed using CCK-8 and scratch assays. Mouse DED was established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine, and the therapeutic effects of M2-CM were evaluated by phenol red thread test, fluorescein staining, and tear film breakup time (TBUT). PCR and immunofluorescence staining were applied to observe inflammatory factors and cells on the ocular surface. M2 macrophages enhanced CEC viability, proliferation, and migration, but hyperosmolarity inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. In the DED model, M2-CM improved ocular surface conditions, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and increased anti-inflammatory factors. Immunofluorescence revealed reduced pro-inflammatory cells (M1 macrophages, Th1, and Th17) and increased M2 macrophages in the ocular tissues after M2-CM treatment. These results suggest that M2-CM ameliorates ocular surface inflammation and promotes recovery in DED, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":" ","pages":"110439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of CatTohm, a mouse AQP0 mutation that causes oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, dominant congenital lens cataract and microphthalmia","authors":"Sindhu Kumari ,&nbsp;Tadashi Okamura ,&nbsp;Kulandaiappan Varadaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A natural AQP0 mutation, <em>Cat</em>^{<em>Tohm</em>}, resulted in smaller eyes, and lenses with bilateral dominant cataracts in mice. Our objective was to characterize this mutation and explore the possible reasons for <em>Cat</em>^Tohm causing dominant cataracts. We studied lens morphology, transparency, functional alterations and cytotoxicity. Lens morphology and nuclear fiber cell organization were severely affected. Water permeability (Pw) of oocytes expressing <em>Cat</em>^Tohm-AQP0 cRNA (12 ± 2 μm/s) reduced markedly (P &lt; 0001) compared with WT-cRNA-expressing oocytes (25 ± 2 μm/s); co-expression of both cRNAs decreased the Pw significantly (20 ± 3 μm/s; P &lt; 0.001). Pw of membrane vesicles of heterozygous (16 ± 4 μm/s), or homozygous (7 ± 3 μm/s) fiber cells was considerably lower (P &lt; 0.001) than that of the WT (37 ± 6 μm/s). The hydrogen peroxide permeability of the <em>Cat</em>^Tohm lens was remarkably lesser (P &lt; 0.0001) than that in the WT. The oxidative stress test revealed a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in Reactive Oxygen Species in <em>Cat</em>^{<em>Tohm</em> lenses}. In oocytes and cultured cells, transfected WT-AQP0 trafficked and expressed at the plasma membranes; mutant <em>Cat</em>^Tohm-AQP0 protein remained in the cytoplasm, and partly co-localized with the WT-AQP0. Cells transfected with <em>Cat</em>^Tohm-AQP0 showed more necrosis than apoptosis. The cultured cells expressing mutant AQP0, or <em>ex vivo</em> cultured lenses of <em>Cat</em>^Tohm displayed a substantial (P &lt; 0.001) rise in the discharge of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium, corroborating necrosis. A transgenic mouse lens expressing <em>Cat</em>^Tohm mutant AQP0 along with the WT-AQP0 had more severe microphthalmia than that of <em>Cat</em>^Tohm mouse. Overall, the <em>Cat</em>^Tohm mutation exerted a dominant negative effect affecting protein localization and functionality, and causing cellular stress, necrosis, lens cataracts and microphthalmia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycium barbarum glycopeptide reduces inflammation and fibrosis in corneal injury by modulating the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1 β signaling pathway and microRNA-21a-5p/SMAD7","authors":"Yarong Yan ,&nbsp;Shulei Xing ,&nbsp;Jinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Xinlin Yan ,&nbsp;Yi Guan ,&nbsp;Zhixin Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp), derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Lycium barbarum, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties; however, its precise role and mechanism in corneal repair following injury remain elusive. The present research investigated the mechanisms and effects of LbGp on corneal repair following alkali burn injury using in vivo mouse models of corneal alkali burn and in vitro human keratocyte fibrosis models. Corneal inflammation, opacity, and epithelial defects were assessed via a slit lamp microscope. Results showed that LbGp-treated mice exhibited reduced edema, accelerated re-epithelialization, and decreased corneal opacity compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated controls. Proteomic analysis revealed altered proteins enriched in the extracellular matrix among the control, injury, and LbGp treatment groups. Moreover, LbGp significantly attenuated TGFβ-1-induced myofibroblasts transdifferentiation from keratocytes. Consistently, LbGp treatment inhibited the upregulation of fibrosis markers (αSMA, fibronectin, and collagen III) at both the protein and mRNA levels after corneal alkali burns. LbGp also effectively suppressed the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway and neutrophil infiltration following corneal alkali burn injury. Additionally, miR-21 was upregulated in TGFβ-1-stimulated keratocytes and in the alkali-burned mouse cornea. LbGp decreased miR-21 expression, while increasing expression of its target, Smad7, thereby dampening the TGFβ/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. This research demonstrates that LbGp promotes corneal healing by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis after alkali burns, suggesting its potential as a supplementary therapy for corneal injury repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PINK1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy protects lens epithelial cells by reducing ROS and apoptosis","authors":"Xiangyu Liu ,&nbsp;Meiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Ji ,&nbsp;Xuanlin Zhu,&nbsp;Jinchang Tian,&nbsp;Yingxin Chen,&nbsp;Jun Cai,&nbsp;Mei Dong,&nbsp;Zhijian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cataracts are one of the primary causes of blindness worldwide; however, their pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are two dominant inducers in the progression of cataracts; however, little is known about the specific mechanisms associated with mitophagy. This study aimed to investigate the role of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)-mediated mitophagy in cataract development. Initially, we induced a rat cataract model using sodium selenite and observed the upregulated expression of PINK1 and other autophagy-related proteins within lens epithelial cells, accompanied by apoptosis. Furthermore, the survival rate of human lens epithelial cells was significantly reduced by H₂O₂ treatment. However, PINK1 overexpression reduced ROS levels, allowing cells to survive. This reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels led to a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression and an increase in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels. In summary, PINK1 maintains mitochondrial functional stability and inhibits apoptosis by activating mitophagy, thus potentially playing a crucial protective role in cataract pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying retinal oxygenation and metabolism by phosphorescence lifetime imaging","authors":"Mahnaz Shahidi","doi":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exer.2025.110422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The retina is a highly metabolically active tissue, requiring adequate availability of oxygen and other metabolites to generate energy for cellular survival and visual function. Retinal hypoxia has been implicated in several common retinal diseases and associated with the development of vision-threatening pathologies. Since the level of hypoxia determines processes that are activated for either cell survival or death, knowledge of retinal oxygenation is essential. This article reviews depth-resolved quantitative measurements of retinal vascular and tissue oxygen tension in rodents using the technique of phosphorescence lifetime imaging. Furthermore, retinal oxygen metabolic biomarkers were quantitatively derived from oxygen tension measurements and shown to be altered under challenged physiological and pathological conditions. Application of phosphorescence lifetime imaging can be useful for advancing knowledge of retinal ischemia pathophysiology and identifying physiological biomarkers to monitor progression and evaluate therapeutic interventions in animal models of human retinal diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12177,"journal":{"name":"Experimental eye research","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 110422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}