European Respiratory Review最新文献

{"title":"Reporting of pre-existing multiple long-term conditions in physical rehabilitation for long COVID: a scoping review.","authors":"Lucy Gardiner, Hannah M L Young, Holly Drover, Emily Morgan-Selvaratnam, Michael Natt, Nikki Smith, Enya Daynes, Mark W Orme, Rod S Taylor, Sally J Singh, Rachael A Evans","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0123-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0123-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical rehabilitation may improve health and wellbeing outcomes for some adults living with long COVID. However, individuals living with pre-existing multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and long COVID may have additional rehabilitation challenges. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence describing physical rehabilitation interventions for adults living with long COVID, to systematically map the reporting of pre-existing MLTCs, and to describe the characteristics of physical rehabilitation interventions used in adults with both pre-existing long-term conditions (LTCs) and long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, medRxiv, OpenGrey and MedNar were searched from January 2020 to July 2023. Eligibility criteria included adults with long COVID, rehabilitation interventions including a physical component in any setting and any study design investigating interventions or intervention content except case series/reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 5326 unique records, 50 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 25 (50%) made reference to pre-existing LTCs. These articles included four protocols and one consensus statement. Four of the remaining 20 studies (20%) reported the number of pre-existing LTCs, enabling the differentiation of individuals with MLTCs. One study reported outcomes of individuals with MLTCs separately to those without. The interventions described (k=24) typically consisted of combined aerobic and strength exercises (k=17 (71%)) in an outpatient setting (k=13 (54%)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is limited and inconsistent reporting of the presence of MLTCs in studies of physical rehabilitation for adults with long COVID. Clarity and consistency of reporting of MLTCs is required to enable evaluation and adaptation of interventions to improve health and wellbeing for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating asthma care guidelines into primary care electronic medical records: a review focused on Canadian knowledge translation tools.","authors":"Matheson McFarlane, Alison Morra, M Diane Lougheed","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0247-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0247-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases globally. Despite national and international asthma care guidelines, gaps persist in primary care. Knowledge translation (KT) electronic tools (eTools) exist aiming to address these gaps, but their impact on practice patterns and patient outcomes is variable. We aimed to conduct a nonsystematic review of the literature for key asthma care gaps and identify limitations and future directions of KT eTools optimised for use in electronic medical records (EMRs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The database OVID Medline was searched (1999-2024) using keywords such as asthma, KT, primary healthcare and EMRs. Primary research articles, systematic reviews and published international/national guidelines were included. Findings were interpreted within the knowledge-to-action framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key asthma care gaps in primary care include under-recognition of suboptimal control, underutilisation of pulmonary function tests, barriers to care delivery, provider attitudes/beliefs, limited access to asthma education and referral to asthma specialists. Various KT eTools have been validated, many with optimisation for use in EMRs. KT eTools within EMRs have been a recent focus, including asthma management systems, decision support algorithms, data standards initiatives and asthma case definition validation for EMRs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The knowledge-to-action cycle is a valuable framework for developing and implementing novel KT tools. Future research should integrate end-users into the process of KT tool development to improve the perceived utility of these tools. Additionally, the priorities of primary care physicians should be considered in future KT tool research to improve end-user uptake and overall asthma management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you from the Chief Editor (2022-2024).","authors":"Renata L Riha","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0234-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0234-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of body mass index on mortality in COPD: an updated dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Eric Daniel Tenda, Joshua Henrina, Andry Setiadharma, Immanuel Felix, Mira Yulianti, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Sze Shyang Kho, Melvin Chee Kiang Tay, Dyah S Purnamasari, Czeresna Heriawan Soejono, Siti Setiati","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0261-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0261-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The obesity paradox is a well-established clinical conundrum in COPD patients. This study aimed to provide an updated analysis of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted through Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. International BMI cut-offs were employed to define underweight, overweight and obesity. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was respiratory and cardiovascular mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>120 studies encompassed a total of 1 053 272 patients. Underweight status was associated with an increased risk of mortality, while overweight and obesity were linked to a reduced risk of mortality. A nonlinear U-shaped relationship was observed between BMI and all-cause mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Notably, an inflection point was identified at BMI 28.75 kg·m^-2 (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86), 30.25 kg·m^-2 (relative risk 0.51, 95% CI 0.40-0.65) and 27.5 kg·m^-2 (relative risk 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.91) for all-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, and beyond which the protective effect began to diminish.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study augments the existing body of evidence by confirming a U-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality in COPD patients. It underscores the heightened influence of BMI on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality compared to all-cause mortality. The protective effect of BMI was lost when BMI values exceeded 35.25 kg·m^-2, 35 kg·m^-2 and 31 kg·m^-2 for all-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil dynamics in pulmonary fibrosis: pathophysiological and therapeutic perspectives.","authors":"Louise Elizabeth Crowley, Robert Andrew Stockley, David Richard Thickett, Davinder Dosanjh, Aaron Scott, Dhruv Parekh","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0139-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0139-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shared pathobiological mechanisms driving progressive fibrosis in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) remain unclear. Neutrophils, the most common immune cells in the human body, contain an extensive array of proteinases that are important for cell function, including tissue repair and remodelling. Increasing observational studies have reported elevated neutrophil counts in the respiratory tract and circulation of patients with ILD and suggest a role as a biomarker of disease severity. Neutrophils and their contents (including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)) are present in fibrotic lung tissue. Proteinases and NETs may drive fibrogenesis in animal and <i>in vitro</i> models and may impact transforming growth factor-β1 activation. However, the effect of neutrophil action, whether reparative or pathologically destructive to the delicate lung architecture, has yet to be determined. This review aims to summarise the current literature surrounding the potential role of the neutrophil as a biomarker and contributor to the pathogenesis of ILD. There is currently a paucity of treatment options in ILD driven by the knowledge gap underlying the overall disease mechanisms. This review concludes that neutrophils warrant further evaluation as manipulation of recruitment and function could provide a novel and much needed therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting paediatric asthma exacerbations with machine learning: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Martina Votto, Annalisa De Silvestri, Lorenzo Postiglione, Maria De Filippo, Sara Manti, Stefania La Grutta, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Amelia Licari","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0118-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0118-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma exacerbations in children pose a significant burden on healthcare systems and families. While traditional risk assessment tools exist, artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential for enhanced prediction models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to systematically evaluate and quantify the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting the risk of hospitalisation and emergency department (ED) admission for acute asthma exacerbations in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias and applicability for eligible studies was assessed according to the prediction model study risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). The protocol of our systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our meta-analysis included seven articles encompassing a total of 17 ML-based prediction models. We found a pooled area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67 (95% CI 0.61-0.73; I²=99%; p<0.0001 for heterogeneity) for models predicting ED admission, indicating moderate accuracy. Notably, models predicting child hospitalisation demonstrated a higher pooled AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.82; I²=95%; p<0.0001 for heterogeneity), suggesting good discriminatory power.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the most comprehensive assessment of AI-based algorithms in predicting paediatric asthma exacerbations to date. While these models show promise and ML-based hospitalisation prediction models, in particular, demonstrate good accuracy, further external validation is needed before these models can be reliably implemented in real-life clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare genetic interstitial lung diseases: a pictorial essay.","authors":"Raphael Borie, Laureline Berteloot, Caroline Kannengiesser, Matthias Griese, Aurelie Cazes, Bruno Crestani, Alice Hadchouel, Marie Pierre Debray","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0101-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0101-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main monogenic causes of pulmonary fibrosis in adults are mutations in telomere-related genes. These mutations may be associated with extrapulmonary signs (hepatic, haematological and dermatological) and typically present radiologically as usual interstitial pneumonia or unclassifiable fibrosis. In children, the monogenic causes of pulmonary fibrosis are dominated by mutations in surfactant-related genes. These mutations are not associated with extrapulmonary signs and often manifest radiologically as unclassifiable fibrosis with cysts that can lead to chest wall deformities in adults. This review discusses these mutations, along with most of the monogenic causes of interstitial lung disease, including interferon-related genes, mutations in genes causing cystic lung disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lysinuric protein intolerance and lysosomal storage disorders, and their pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonising cellular conversations: decoding the vital roles of extracellular vesicles in respiratory system intercellular communications.","authors":"Budjav Jadamba, Yang Jin, Heedoo Lee","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0272-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0272-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by various cells play crucial roles in intercellular communication within the respiratory system. This review explores the historical context and significance of research into extracellular vesicles. Categorised into exosomes (sized 30-150 nm), microvesicles (sized 50-1000 nm) and apoptotic bodies (sized 500-2000nm), based on their generation mechanisms, extracellular vesicles carry diverse cargoes of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Respiratory ailments are the primary contributors to both mortality and morbidity across various populations globally, significantly impacting public health. Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles, particularly their cargo content, in mediating intercellular communication between lung cells in respiratory diseases. This comprehensive review provides insights into extracellular vesicle mechanisms and emphasises their significance in major respiratory conditions, including acute lung injury, COPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Irene Possenti, Marco Romelli, Giulia Carreras, Annalisa Biffi, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Claudia Specchia, Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0077-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0077-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer ranks as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There is evidence that second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer in never-smokers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide the most accurate quantification of the association between SHS exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Through the use of an innovative method to identify original publications, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, with corresponding meta-analysis, of all epidemiological studies evaluating the association between SHS exposure and lung cancer risk among never-smokers, published up to May 2023. Pooled relative risks were obtained using random-effects models. Dose-response relationships were derived using log-linear functions or cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 126 identified eligible studies, 97 original articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk for lung cancer for overall exposure to SHS was 1.24 (95% CI 1.16-1.32, number of articles, n=82). Setting-specific relative risks were 1.20 (95% CI 1.12-1.28, n=67) for SHS exposure at home, 1.38 (95% CI 1.28-1.62, n=30) at a workplace, 1.37 (95% CI 1.22-1.53, n=28) at home or a workplace and 1.27 (95% CI 1.11-1.44, n=24) in nonspecified settings. The risk of lung cancer significantly increased with the duration, intensity and pack-years of SHS exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis shows that exposure to SHS increases by more than 20% the risk of lung cancer among never-smokers, providing definitive evidence of the association between SHS exposure and lung cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter-induced epigenetic modifications and lung complications.","authors":"Muhammed Afthab, Shadi Hambo, Hyunji Kim, Ali Alhamad, Hani Harb","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0129-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0129-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution is one of the leading causes of early deaths worldwide, with particulate matter (PM) as an emerging factor contributing to this trend. PM is classified based on its physical size, which ranges from PM₁₀ (diameter ≤10 μm) to PM_2.5 (≤2.5 μm) and PM_0.5 (≤0.5 μm). Smaller-sized PM can move freely through the air and readily infiltrate deep into the lungs, intensifying existing health issues and exacerbating complications. Lung complications are the most common issues arising from PM exposure due to the primary site of deposition in the respiratory system. Conditions such as asthma, COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and various lung infections are all susceptible to worsening due to PM exposure. PM can epigenetically modify specific target sites, further complicating its impact on these conditions. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms holds promise for addressing these complications in cases of PM exposure. This involves studying the effect of PM on different gene expressions and regulation through epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Targeting and manipulating these epigenetic modifications and their mechanisms could be promising strategies for future treatments of lung complications. This review mainly focuses on different epigenetic modifications due to PM_2.5 exposure in the various lung complications mentioned above.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}