European Respiratory Review最新文献

{"title":"Impact of climate change on paediatric respiratory health: pollutants and aeroallergens","authors":"Karyssa N. Domingo, Kiersten L. Gabaldon, Mohammed Nour Hussari, Jazmyn M. Yap, Luke Carmichael Valmadrid, Kelly Robinson, Sydney Leibel","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0249-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0249-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Paediatric populations are particularly vulnerable to respiratory diseases caused and exacerbated by aeroallergens, pollutants and infectious agents. Worsening climate change is expected to increase the prevalence of pollutants and aeroallergens while amplifying disease severity and causing disproportionate effects in under-resourced areas. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise the role of anthropogenic climate change in the literature examining the future impact of aeroallergens, pollutants and infectious agents on paediatric respiratory diseases with a focus on equitable disease mitigation. The aeroallergens selected for discussion include pollen, dust mites and mould as these are prevalent triggers of paediatric asthma worldwide. Human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus are key viruses interacting with climate change and pollution and are primary causal agents of viral respiratory disease. Within this review, we present the propensity for aeroallergens, climate change and pollution to synergistically exacerbate paediatric respiratory disease and outline measures that can ameliorate the expected increase in morbidity and severity of disease through a health equity lens. We support shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy worldwide, across sectors, as a primary means of reducing increases in morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The guardians of pulmonary harmony: alveolar macrophages orchestrating the symphony of lung inflammation and tissue homeostasis","authors":"Learta Pervizaj-Oruqaj, Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero, Ulrich Matt, Susanne Herold","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0263-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0263-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent breakthroughs in single-cell sequencing, advancements in cellular and tissue imaging techniques, innovations in cell lineage tracing, and insights into the epigenome collectively illuminate the enigmatic landscape of alveolar macrophages in the lung under homeostasis and disease conditions. Our current knowledge reveals the cellular and functional diversity of alveolar macrophages within the respiratory system, emphasising their remarkable adaptability. By synthesising insights from classical cell and developmental biology studies, we provide a comprehensive perspective on alveolar macrophage functional plasticity. This includes an examination of their ontology-related features, their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis under steady-state conditions and the distinct contribution of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in promoting tissue regeneration and restoring respiratory system homeostasis in response to injuries. Elucidating the signalling pathways within inflammatory conditions, the impact of various triggers on tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs), as well as the recruitment and polarisation of macrophages originating from the bone marrow, presents an opportunity to propose innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the equilibrium between phenotypes to induce programmes associated with a pro-regenerative or homeostasis phenotype of BMDMs or TR-AMs. This, in turn, can lead to the amelioration of disease outcomes and the attenuation of detrimental inflammation. This review comprehensively addresses the pivotal role of macrophages in the orchestration of inflammation and resolution phases after lung injury, as well as ageing-related shifts and the influence of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential mutations on alveolar macrophages, exploring altered signalling pathways and transcriptional profiles, with implications for respiratory homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex situations in lung cancer: multifocal disease, oligoprogression and oligorecurrence","authors":"Raphael Werner, Nina Steinmann, Herbert Decaluwe, Hiroshi Date, Dirk De Ruysscher, Isabelle Opitz","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0200-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0200-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the emergence of lung cancer screening programmes and newly detected localised and multifocal disease, novel treatment compounds and multimodal treatment approaches, the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer is becoming increasingly complex. In parallel, in-depth molecular analyses and clonality studies are revealing more information about tumorigenesis, potential therapeutical targets and the origin of lesions. All can play an important role in cases with multifocal disease, oligoprogression and oligorecurrence. In multifocal disease, it is essential to understand the relatedness of separate lesions for treatment decisions, because this information distinguishes separate early-stage tumours from locally advanced or metastatic cancer. Clonality studies suggest that a majority of same-histology lesions represent multiple primary tumours. With the current standard of systemic treatment, oligoprogression after an initial treatment response is a common scenario. In this state of induced oligoprogressive disease, local ablative therapy by either surgery or radiotherapy is becoming increasingly important. Another scenario involves the emergence of a limited number of metastases after radical treatment of the primary tumour, referred to as oligorecurrence, for which the use of local ablative therapy holds promise in improving survival. Our review addresses these complex situations in lung cancer by discussing current evidence, knowledge gaps and treatment recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection","authors":"Elisabeth De Leeuw, Hamida Hammad","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0250-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0250-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Respiratory viral infections represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic alone claimed the lives of over 6 million people around the globe. It is therefore crucial to understand how the immune system responds to these threats and how respiratory infection can be controlled and constrained. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the key players in antiviral immunity because of their ability to detect pathogens. They can orchestrate an immune response that will, in most cases, lead to viral clearance. Different subsets of DCs are present in the lung and each subset can contribute to antiviral responses through various mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of the different lung DC subsets in response to common respiratory viruses, with a focus on respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We also review how lung DC-mediated responses to respiratory viruses can lead to the worsening of an existing chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma. Throughout the review, we discuss results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated from infected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathing new life into the study of COPD with genes identified from genome-wide association studies","authors":"Rhiannon B. Werder, Xiaobo Zhou, Michael H. Cho, Andrew A. Wilson","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0019-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0019-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While the significance of environmental exposures in disease pathogenesis is well established, the functional contribution of genetic factors has only in recent years drawn attention. Notably, many genes associated with COPD risk are also linked with lung function. Because reduced lung function precedes COPD onset, this association is consistent with the possibility that derangements leading to COPD could arise during lung development. In this review, we summarise the role of leading genes (<I>HHIP</I>, <I>FAM13A</I>, <I>DSP</I>, <I>AGER</I> and <I>TGFB2</I>) identified by genome-wide association studies in lung development and COPD. Because many COPD genome-wide association study genes are enriched in lung epithelial cells, we focus on the role of these genes in the lung epithelium in development, homeostasis and injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between alcohol consumption and pulmonary function: a scoping review","authors":"Line Bjerrehave Nielsen, Maria Oxbøl Johansen, Signe Juul Riddersholm, Ulla Møller Weinreich","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0233-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0233-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Introduction:</st>\u0000<p>The health effects of alcohol are well established but the influence on pulmonary function remains debated. Studies indicate that small amounts of alcohol are beneficial and heavy consumption is harmful, suggesting a U-shaped association. Our objective is to determine whether there is an association between alcohol intake and changes in pulmonary function parameters, exploring the potential protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption and the harm caused by heavy drinking.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Methods:</st>\u0000<p>A comprehensive search from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL was carried out, and studies were evaluated using the JBI methodological framework for scoping reviews. Two independent reviewers conducted parallel screening and data extraction. A data extraction form was utilised to organise key themes, with qualitative analysis and visual representation of the results.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Results:</st>\u0000<p>Among 4427 screened abstracts, 179 underwent full-text review, resulting in 30 eligible studies. Of these, 10 showed a negative effect, nine reported no impact, nine exhibited a positive effect and two indicated a nonlinear U-shaped association between alcohol consumption and pulmonary function parameters.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Conclusion:</st>\u0000<p>While the U-shaped curve hypothesis remains unconfirmed by the current literature, there are notable associations. Heavy alcohol consumption appears to negatively affect pulmonary function, while low to moderate intake shows a positive influence in included studies. However, the diversity in study quality, the nonstandardised alcohol intake quantification and the confounding role of smoking challenge definitive conclusions. The need for consistent, long-term international studies is evident to further explore this relationship while addressing the complex interplay between alcohol and smoking.</p>\u0000</sec>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"730 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and scoping review of definitions, prevalence and clinical characteristics","authors":"Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Greg J. Fox","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0208-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0208-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Background:</st>\u0000<p>This scoping review aimed to characterise definitions used to describe subclinical tuberculosis (TB), estimate the prevalence in different populations and describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in the scientific literature.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Methods:</st>\u0000<p>A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed. We included studies published in English between January 1990 and August 2022 that defined \"subclinical\" or \"asymptomatic\" pulmonary TB disease, regardless of age, HIV status and comorbidities. We estimated the weighted pooled proportions of subclinical TB using a random-effects model by World Health Organization reported TB incidence, populations and settings. We also pooled the proportion of subclinical TB according to definitions described in published prevalence surveys.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Results:</st>\u0000<p>We identified 29 prevalence surveys and 71 other studies. Prevalence survey data (2002&ndash;2022) using \"absence of cough of any duration\" criteria reported higher subclinical TB prevalence than those using the stricter \"completely asymptomatic\" threshold. Prevalence estimates overlap in studies using other symptoms and cough duration. Subclinical TB in studies was commonly defined as asymptomatic TB disease. Higher prevalence was reported in high TB burden areas, community settings and immunocompetent populations. People with subclinical TB showed less extensive radiographic abnormalities, higher treatment success rates and lower mortality, although studies were few.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Conclusion:</st>\u0000<p>A substantial proportion of TB is subclinical. However, prevalence estimates were highly heterogeneous between settings. Most published studies incompletely characterised the phenotype of people with subclinical TB. Standardised definitions and diagnostic criteria are needed to characterise this phenotype. Further research is required to enhance case finding, screening, diagnostics and treatment options for subclinical TB.</p>\u0000</sec>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary meeting review in nonsmall cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rob G. Stirling, Amelia Harrison, Joanna Huang, Vera Lee, John Taverner, Hayley Barnes","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0157-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0157-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Background:</st>\u0000<p>Lung cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment may be enhanced by multidisciplinary participation and presentation in multidisciplinary meetings (MDM). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore literature evidence of clinical impacts of MDM exposure.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Methods:</st>\u0000<p>A study protocol was registered (PROSPERO identifier CRD42021258069). Randomised controlled trials and observational cohort studies including adults with nonsmall cell lung cancer and who underwent MDM review, compared to no MDM, were included. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched on 31 May 2021. Studies were screened and extracted by two reviewers. Outcomes included time to diagnosis and treatment, histological confirmation, receipt of treatments, clinical trial participation, survival and quality of life. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies &ndash; of Interventions) tool.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Results:</st>\u0000<p>2947 citations were identified, and 20 studies were included. MDM presentation significantly increased histological confirmation of diagnosis (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.30&ndash;3.95; p&lt;0.00001) and availability of clinical staging (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.43&ndash;4.56; p=0.002). MDM presentation significantly increased likelihood of receipt of surgery (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29&ndash;3.12; p=0.002) and reduced the likelihood of receiving no active treatment (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.21&ndash;0.50; p=0.01). MDM presentation was protective of both 1-year survival (OR 3.23, 95% CI 2.85&ndash;3.68; p&lt;0.00001) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.55&ndash;0.72; p&lt;0.00001).</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Discussion:</st>\u0000<p>MDM presentation was associated with increased likelihood of histological confirmation of diagnosis, documentation of clinical staging and receipt of surgery. Overall and 1-year survival was better in those presented to an MDM, although there was some clinical heterogeneity in participants and interventions delivered. Further research is required to determine the optimal method of MDM presentation, and address barriers to presentation.</p>\u0000</sec>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century?","authors":"Andrew Bush, Catherine A. Byrnes, Kate C. Chan, Anne B. Chang, Juliana C. Ferreira, Karl A. Holden, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Gregory Redding, Varinder Singh, Ian P. Sinha, Heather J. Zar","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0222-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0222-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Respiratory symptoms are ubiquitous in children and, even though they may be the harbinger of poor long-term outcomes, are often trivialised. Adverse exposures pre-conception, antenatally and in early childhood have lifetime impacts on respiratory health. For the most part, lung function tracks from the pre-school years at least into late middle age, and airflow obstruction is associated not merely with poor respiratory outcomes but also early all-cause morbidity and mortality. Much would be preventable if social determinants of adverse outcomes were to be addressed. This review presents the perspectives of paediatricians from many different contexts, both high and low income, including Europe, the Americas, Australasia, India, Africa and China. It should be noted that there are islands of poverty within even the highest income settings and, conversely, opulent areas in even the most deprived countries. The heaviest burden of any adverse effects falls on those of the lowest socioeconomic status. Themes include passive exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor and outdoor pollution, across the entire developmental course, and lack of access even to simple affordable medications, let alone the new biologicals. Commonly, disease outcomes are worse in resource-poor areas. Both within and between countries there are avoidable gross disparities in outcomes. Climate change is also bearing down hardest on the poorest children. This review highlights the need for vigorous advocacy for children to improve lifelong health. It also highlights that there are ongoing culturally sensitive interventions to address social determinants of disease which are already benefiting children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment and lung health in a rapidly changing world","authors":"Catherine M. Greene, Renata L. Riha","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0057-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0057-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Extract</st>\u0000<p>This issue of the <I>European Respiratory Review</I> features the first articles in a series of reviews entitled \"Environment and lung health in a rapidly changing world\". This series aims to highlight and dissect the complex intersections of environmental factors and their impact on human lung health. Additionally, the series addresses some more specific issues that we continue to face in the 21st century, including health inequity, the increasingly fast-paced integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into every day medical practice and climate change.</p>\u0000</sec>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}