European Respiratory Review最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the translational landscape of the long noncoding RNA transcriptome in acute respiratory distress syndrome: it is a long way to the top.","authors":"Thalía Belmonte, Carlos Rodríguez-Muñoz, Antonio Ferruelo, Sara M Exojo-Ramírez, Laura Amado-Rodríguez, Ferran Barbé, David de Gonzalo-Calvo","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0013-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0013-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) poses a significant and widespread public health challenge. Extensive research conducted in recent decades has considerably improved our understanding of the disease pathophysiology. Nevertheless, ARDS continues to rank among the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units and its management remains a formidable task, primarily due to its remarkable heterogeneity. As a consequence, the syndrome is underdiagnosed, prognostication has important gaps and selection of the appropriate therapeutic approach is laborious. In recent years, the noncoding transcriptome has emerged as a new area of attention for researchers interested in biomarker development. Numerous studies have confirmed the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts with little or no coding information, as noninvasive tools for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the therapeutic response across a broad spectrum of ailments, including respiratory conditions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNAs with specific emphasis on their role as biomarkers. We review current knowledge on the circulating lncRNAs as potential markers that can be used to enhance decision making in ARDS management. Additionally, we address the primary limitations and outline the steps that will be essential for integration of the use of lncRNAs in clinical laboratories. Our ultimate objective is to provide a framework for the implementation of lncRNAs in the management of ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 172","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-based interventions targeting balance and falls in people with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kirsti J Loughran, Jonathan Emerson, Leah Avery, Sophie Suri, Darren Flynn, Eileen Kaner, Tim Rapley, Denis Martin, Jamie McPhee, Caroline Fernandes-James, Samantha L Harrison","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0003-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0003-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review quantifies the mean treatment effect of exercise-based interventions on balance and falls risk in people with COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured search strategy (2000-2023) was applied to eight databases to identify studies evaluating the impact of exercise-based interventions (≥14 days in duration) on balance or falls in people with COPD. Pooled mean treatment effects (95% confidence intervals (CIs), 95% prediction intervals (PIs)) were calculated for outcomes reported in five or more studies. Inter-individual response variance and the promise of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>34 studies (n=1712) were included. There were greater improvements in balance post intervention compared to controls for the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (mean 2.51, 95% CI 0.22-4.80, 95% PI -4.60-9.63), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test (mean -1.12 s, 95% CI -1.69- -0.55 s, 95% PI -2.78-0.54 s), Single-Leg Stance (SLS) test (mean 3.25 s, 95% CI 2.72-3.77 s, 95% PI 2.64-3.86 s) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale (mean 8.50%, 95% CI 2.41-14.58%, 95% PI -8.92-25.92%). Effect on falls remains unknown. Treatment effects were larger in male <i>versus</i> mixed-sex groups for the ABC scale and SLS test, and in balance training <i>versus</i> other exercise-based interventions for the BBS and TUG test. Falls history was not associated with changes in balance. Meta-analysis of individual response variance was not possible and study-level results were inconclusive. Eleven promising BCTs were identified (promise ratio ≥2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence for the effect of exercise-based interventions eliciting clinically important improvements in balance for people with COPD is weak, but targeted balance training produces the greatest benefits. Future exercise interventions may benefit from inclusion of the identified promising BCTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 172","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system.","authors":"Jie Chen, Xiaoyun Lai, Yuanlin Song, Xiao Su","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0008-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0008-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system is a complex and highly coordinated process involving interactions between the nervous and immune systems to detect and respond to pathogens, pollutants and other potential hazards in the respiratory tract. This interaction helps maintain the health and integrity of the respiratory system. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between the respiratory nervous system and immune system is critical to maintaining lung health and developing treatments for respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarise the projection distribution of different types of neurons (trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal dorsal root nerve, sympathetic nerve) in the respiratory tract. We also introduce several types of cells in the respiratory epithelium that closely interact with nerves (pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, brush cells, solitary chemosensory cells and tastebuds). These cells are primarily located at key positions in the respiratory tract, where nerves project to them, forming neuroepithelial recognition units, thus enhancing the ability of neural recognition. Furthermore, we summarise the roles played by these different neurons in sensing or responding to specific pathogens (influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, herpes viruses, Sendai parainfluenza virus, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, amoebae), allergens, atmospheric pollutants (smoking, exhaust pollution), and their potential roles in regulating interactions among different pathogens. We also summarise the prospects of bioelectronic medicine as a third therapeutic approach following drugs and surgery, as well as the potential mechanisms of meditation breathing as an adjunct therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 172","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric sleep diagnostics in the 21st century: the era of \"sleep-omics\"?","authors":"Hannah Vennard, Elise Buchan, Philip Davies, Neil Gibson, David Lowe, Ross Langley","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0041-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0041-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric sleep diagnostics is performed using complex multichannel tests in specialised centres, limiting access and availability and resulting in delayed diagnosis and management. Such investigations are often challenging due to patient size (prematurity), tolerability, and compliance with \"gold standard\" equipment. Children with sensory/behavioural issues, at increased risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), often find standard diagnostic equipment difficult.SDB can have implications for a child both in terms of physical health and neurocognitive development. Potential sequelae of untreated SDB includes failure to thrive, cardiopulmonary disease, impaired learning and behavioural issues. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of SDB is important to facilitate early intervention and improve outcomes.The current gold-standard diagnostic test for SDB is polysomnography (PSG), which is expensive, requiring the interpretation of a highly specialised physiologist. PSG is not feasible in low-income countries or outwith specialist sleep centres. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, efforts were made to improve remote monitoring and diagnostics in paediatric sleep medicine, resulting in a paradigm shift in SDB technology with a focus on automated diagnosis harnessing artificial intelligence (AI). AI enables interrogation of large datasets, setting the scene for an era of \"sleep-omics\", characterising the endotypic and phenotypic bedrock of SDB by drawing on genetic, lifestyle and demographic information. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recently announced a programme for the development of automated home-testing devices for SDB. Scorer-independent scalable diagnostic approaches for paediatric SDB have potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, accessibility and patient tolerability; reduce health inequalities; and yield downstream economic and environmental benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 172","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy: breathing new tactics into lower respiratory tract infection treatments.","authors":"Atefeh Vaezi, Thomas Healy, Golnaz Ebrahimi, Saeid Rezvankhah, Abdolrazagh Hashemi Shahraki, Mehdi Mirsaeidi","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0029-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0029-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) present a significant global health burden, exacerbated by the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The persistence and evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria intensifies the urgency for alternative treatments. This review explores bacteriophage (phage) therapy as an innovative solution to combat bacterial LRTIs. Phages, abundant in nature, demonstrate specificity towards bacteria, minimal eukaryotic toxicity, and the ability to penetrate and disrupt bacterial biofilms, offering a targeted approach to infection control. The article synthesises evidence from systematic literature reviews spanning 2000-2023, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies, case reports and ongoing clinical trials. It highlights the synergistic potential of phage therapy with antibiotics, the immunophage synergy in animal models, and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics critical for clinical application. Despite promising results, the article acknowledges that phage therapy is at a nascent stage in clinical settings, the challenges of phage-resistant bacteria, and the lack of comprehensive cost-effectiveness studies. It stresses the need for further research to optimise phage therapy protocols and navigate the complexities of phage-host interactions, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised. We call for regulatory adjustments to facilitate the exploration of the long-term effects of phage therapy, aiming to incorporate this old-yet-new therapy into mainstream clinical practice to tackle the looming AMR crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 172","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How will lung cancer screening and lung nodule management change the diagnostic and surgical lung cancer landscape?","authors":"Georgia Hardavella, Armin Frille, Roberto Chalela, Katherina B Sreter, Rene H Petersen, Nuria Novoa, Harry J de Koning","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0232-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/16000617.0232-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Implementation of lung cancer screening, with its subsequent findings, is anticipated to change the current diagnostic and surgical lung cancer landscape. This review aimed to identify and present the most updated expert opinion and discuss relevant evidence regarding the impact of lung cancer screening and lung nodule management on the diagnostic and surgical landscape of lung cancer, as well as summarise points for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article is based on relevant lectures and talks delivered during the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Respiratory Society Collaborative Course on Thoracic Oncology (February 2023). Original lectures and talks and their relevant references were included. An additional literature search was conducted and peer-reviewed studies in English (December 2022 to June 2023) from the PubMed/Medline databases were evaluated with regards to immediate affinity of the published papers to the original talks presented at the course. An updated literature search was conducted (June 2023 to December 2023) to ensure that updated literature is included within this article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lung cancer screening suspicious findings are expected to increase the number of diagnostic investigations required therefore impacting on current capacity and resources. Healthcare systems already face a shortage of imaging and diagnostic slots and they are also challenged by the shortage of interventional radiologists. Thoracic surgery will be impacted by the wider lung cancer screening implementation with increased volume and earlier stages of lung cancer. Nonsuspicious findings reported at lung cancer screening will need attention and subsequent referrals where required to ensure participants are appropriately diagnosed and managed and that they are not lost within healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of lung cancer screening requires appropriate mapping of existing resources and infrastructure to ensure a tailored restructuring strategy to ensure that healthcare systems can meet the new needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"33 172","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 inhibition: a potential treatment target for pulmonary fibrosis","authors":"Elizabeth R. Volkmann, Christopher P. Denton, Martin Kolb, Marlies S. Wijsenbeek-Lourens, Claire Emson, Krischan Hudson, Anthony J. Amatucci, Oliver Distler, Yannick Allanore, Dinesh Khanna","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0015-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0015-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-mediated activation of LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1) contributes to the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality despite current treatment options. The LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and LPAR1 activation contribute to inflammation and mechanisms underlying fibrosis in preclinical fibrotic models. Additionally, elevated levels of LPA have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF and in serum from patients with SSc. Thus, ATX and LPAR1 have gained considerable interest as pharmaceutical targets to combat fibrotic disease and inhibitors of these targets have been investigated in clinical trials for IPF and SSc. The goals of this review are to summarise the current literature on ATX and LPAR1 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis and to help differentiate the novel inhibitors in development. The mechanisms of action of ATX and LPAR1 inhibitors are described and preclinical studies and clinical trials of these agents are outlined. Because of their contribution to numerous physiologic events underlying fibrotic disease, ATX and LPAR1 inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF, SSc and other fibrotic diseases that may fulfil unmet needs of the current standard of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic and plastic pollution: impact on respiratory disease and health","authors":"Gwenda F. Vasse, Barbro N. Melgert","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0226-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0226-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Throughout their lifecycle, from production to use and upon disposal, plastics release chemicals and particles known as micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) that can accumulate in the environment. MNPs have been detected in different locations of the human body, including in our lungs. This is likely a consequence of MNP exposure through the air we breathe. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the impact that MNP exposure may have on respiratory disease and health. In this review, we have collated the current body of evidence on the implications of MNP inhalation on human lung health from <I>in vitro</I>, <I>in vivo</I> and occupational exposure studies. We focused on interactions between MNP pollution and different specific lung-resident cells and respiratory diseases. We conclude that it is evident that MNPs possess the capacity to affect lung tissue in disease and health. Yet, it remains unclear to which extent this occurs upon exposure to ambient levels of MNPs, emphasising the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of environmental MNP exposure levels in everyday life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protected characteristics reported in pulmonary rehabilitation: a scoping review","authors":"Holly Drover, Lucy Gardiner, Sally J. Singh, Rachael A. Evans, Enya Daynes, Mark W. Orme","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0236-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0236-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Background:</st>\u0000<p>An individual's characteristics are reported to influence access, completion and outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation and may contribute to health inequalities. Many countries have policies to promote equity among individuals&rsquo; characteristics, including the UK Equality Act 2010 which lists nine protected characteristics (age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation).</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Objectives:</st>\u0000<p>To describe the extent to which UK Equality Act 2010 protected characteristics have been collected and reported in UK studies and audits of pulmonary rehabilitation.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Methods:</st>\u0000<p>A scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines was conducted using five databases. UK studies and audits collecting data on pulmonary rehabilitation from 1 October 2010 (date of Equality Act 2010 inception) were eligible. The protected characteristics collected and how they were reported were extracted.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Results:</st>\u0000<p>Out of 45 included studies and audits (41 studies and four audits), 98% (k=44) reported age. Sex was reported in 40% (k=18), and 20% (k=9) reported gender with only male and female categories. Half (50%, k=2) of audits reported gender with male, female and transgender categories. Race was reported through ethnicity in 2% (k=1) of studies and 75% (k=3) of audits. No studies or audits explicitly reported disability, but all reported measures indicating disease severity (<I>e.g.</I> forced expiratory volume in 1&nbsp;s % predicted: 67%, k=30). No studies or audits reported marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, religion or belief or sexual orientation.</p>\u0000</sec>\u0000<sec><st>Conclusions:</st>\u0000<p>Protected characteristics are not commonly reported or are inconsistently reported in UK pulmonary rehabilitation studies and audits. Without reporting these characteristics, health inequalities in pulmonary rehabilitation will remain unclear.</p>\u0000</sec>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverging patterns in innate immunity against respiratory viruses during a lifetime: lessons from the young and the old","authors":"Hermelijn H. Smits, Simon P. Jochems","doi":"10.1183/16000617.0266-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0266-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Respiratory viral infections frequently lead to severe respiratory disease, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, individuals with chronic lung conditions and older adults, resulting in hospitalisation and, in some cases, fatalities. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in monitoring for, and initiating responses to, viruses, maintaining a state of preparedness through the constant expression of antimicrobial defence molecules. Throughout the course of infection, innate immunity remains actively involved, contributing to viral clearance and damage control, with pivotal contributions from airway epithelial cells and resident and newly recruited immune cells. In instances where viral infections persist or are not effectively eliminated, innate immune components prominently contribute to the resulting pathophysiological consequences. Even though both young children and older adults are susceptible to severe respiratory disease caused by various respiratory viruses, the underlying mechanisms may differ significantly. Children face the challenge of developing and maturing their immunity, while older adults contend with issues such as immune senescence and inflammaging. This review aims to compare the innate immune responses in respiratory viral infections across both age groups, identifying common central hubs that could serve as promising targets for innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies, despite the apparent differences in underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12166,"journal":{"name":"European Respiratory Review","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}