{"title":"Developmental regulation of progenitor aging shapes long-term intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila.","authors":"Shikha Malik, Atharva Anand Mahajan, Saraswathi J Pillai, Isha Shinde, Muhamad Shameem, Sumit Pande, Pratik Chandrani, Mandar M Inamdar, Rohan J Khadilkar","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging causes disruption of tissue homeostasis, with stem cell exhaustion as a major hallmark. However, whether aging trajectories are established during development remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that genetic modulation of aging-associated pathways in larval adult midgut progenitors (AMPs) determines the trajectory of Drosophila adult intestinal homeostasis. Induction of aging-associated pathways in the AMPs results in aberrant proliferation, skewed differentiation, barrier dysfunction, and genomic instability. Ultimately, AMP islet architecture is destabilized and age-related molecular signatures are altered. In contrast, reversing aging-associated effects results in a decrease in the enteroendocrine population and the barrier is unaffected. Together, our findings demonstrate that aging-associated pathways are tightly regulated during early development and perturbation can hamper adult gut homeostasis, establishing AMPs as key developmental determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chiral separation of chloroalkanes with the chromatographic column onboard Martian rovers.","authors":"Asma Merzougui, Agnes Banreti, Armelle L Ernst, Guillaume Leseigneur, Uwe J Meierhenrich","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Rosalind Franklin rover of ESA's ExoMars mission, with scheduled launch in 2028, hosts the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument. MOMA is a GC-MS, equipped with an enantioselective capillary column for the separation of chiral molecules. Chirality analysis is an important part of the ExoMars mission as it allows for the determination of whether organic molecules are of biological or nonbiological origin. We present here the first separation of chloroalkane enantiomers. While chiral chlorinated species have been detected on the Martian surface by the SAM instrument onboard the Curiosity rover, no enantiomeric separation has been attempted yet. We show that the resolution of chloroalkane enantiomers is feasible on Mars, and we provide the optimum parameters for MOMA to use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-09-03DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70456
Epari Sai Santosh Kumar, Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
{"title":"Structural insights into the bioengineering of heme-containing enzymes.","authors":"Epari Sai Santosh Kumar, Kshatresh Dutta Dubey","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heme-containing enzymes represent one of nature's most versatile catalytic platforms, capable of mediating a broad spectrum of redox and group-transfer reactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural and mechanistic principles that underpin the bioengineering of heme proteins for both natural and abiological transformations. Here, we discuss that the core of reactivity of such metalloenzymes is the iron-porphyrin cofactor, whose tunable oxidation and spin states enable the formation of diverse high-energy intermediates, including iron-oxo, carbene, and nitrene species. Using recent bioengineering applications, we also show that the catalytic behavior of these intermediates is not solely determined by intrinsic cofactor chemistry but is profoundly influenced by the surrounding protein scaffold. Key factors such as axial ligation, second coordination sphere interactions, hydrogen-bonding networks, and local electric fields collectively govern substrate binding, intermediate stabilization, and reaction selectivity. The review further discusses a few applications of de novo protein design and artificial metalloenzymes that provide unprecedented control over active-site architecture, allowing the creation of highly robust and tunable catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-09-03DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70432
Anna M Dowbaj, Meritxell Huch
{"title":"Liver organoids: modelling complexity in homeostasis and disease.","authors":"Anna M Dowbaj, Meritxell Huch","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver is a complex organ, capable of incredible regenerative capacity in the mammalian body. In addition to well-known hepatocytes, liver is composed of a complex cell microenvironment, with each cell type contributing to homeostasis, regeneration and disease. Modelling of the liver in vitro has been hampered by 2D cell lines being too simple and whole animal models too complex to underpin the mechanisms of liver biology. Liver organoids are emerging as a great tool to study liver (patho)physiology. Increasing in complexity, organoids have successfully been used to understand the cellular interplay in genetic and metabolic liver diseases, as well as liver cancer. This review will discuss the advancement in modelling cell complexity, maturation and liver architecture in a Petri dish. It will also provide a state-of-the-art perspective of what is still lacking and how the models can be further improved. Finally, we will conclude with our personal vision of where the field is going.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-08-31DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70455
Alexander F Palazzo, Yi Qiu
{"title":"From junk to function - How weak selection in eukaryotes builds new parts and drives genomic complexity.","authors":"Alexander F Palazzo, Yi Qiu","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do eukaryotic genomes acquire new functional parts, such as regulatory elements and long non-coding RNAs? Here, we propose that these parts arise from non-functional precursors primarily through non-adaptive processes that proliferate when selection is weak. Borrowing concepts from Markov chain theory, we represent each stage along the junk-to-function continuum as a discrete state with defined transition probabilities. This formalism makes clear why selection cannot act on future function, and why a part's current biochemical activity may be unrelated to its evolutionary past. We show how, under certain conditions, new intermediate states appear that increase the forward flux from junk DNA to new functional parts. These conditions-weak selection, abundant epistasis and quality control processes, and the accumulation of messiness-are characteristic of many eukaryotic genomes, allowing them to become more complex as new functional parts emerge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-08-31DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70454
Zheng Sun, Jie Yuan, Zhongsheng Sun, Yan Wang
{"title":"Phosphoproteomics identifies PAK2-associated developmental modules in mouse embryos.","authors":"Zheng Sun, Jie Yuan, Zhongsheng Sun, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are conserved serine/threonine kinases that couple cytoskeletal dynamics to diverse cellular processes. Despite emerging roles for PAK2 in development and disease, its regulated phosphorylation programs remain poorly defined. Here, we performed quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling of WT and Pak2<sup>-/-</sup> mouse embryos at embryonic day 9.5 and identified 151 differential phosphopeptide features, corresponding to 119 phosphosites and 116 PAK2-associated phosphoproteins. Differential events were predominantly downregulated and enriched for serine-proline motifs. Functional analyses highlighted modules involved in nuclear RNA processing, chromatin/DNA regulation, translation/RNA-binding, cytoskeletal signaling, and neurodevelopment. Finally, bulk RNA-seq and single-cell transcriptomic analyses integrated the genes encoding these phosphoproteins into cellular and developmental programs, providing transcriptomic context for the PAK2-associated post-translational events in early embryogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-08-29DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70447
Dineke C W Touw, Saloua El Messaoudi, Willem J M Mulder, Mihai G Netea, George M Slavich, Niels P Riksen
{"title":"Stress-induced trained immunity-A key mechanism linking psychosocial stress, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Dineke C W Touw, Saloua El Messaoudi, Willem J M Mulder, Mihai G Netea, George M Slavich, Niels P Riksen","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although chronic psychosocial stress is a well-established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the underlying mechanisms linking stress to CVD remain incompletely understood. Here, we review clinical and preclinical research documenting how stress can activate innate immune cells. Based on these findings, we propose that trained innate immunity is one possible mechanism responsible for the lasting effects of stress on the innate immune system, and hence contributes to the association between stress and CVD. Trained immunity is defined as a persistent hyperinflammatory phenotype in innate immune cells, mediated by metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of the bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells. As we describe herein, accumulating experimental evidence shows that chronic psychosocial stress can induce a maladaptive trained immunity program that accelerates atherosclerosis. By advancing our understanding of stress-induced trained immunity, we will move one step closer to designing new therapeutic, behavioral, and lifestyle strategies to counter maladaptive immune activation and reduce risk for CVD, one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-08-27DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70448
Mykola V Korolchuk, Gailing Ma, Robin Antrobus, Diego Manni, Marco Trevisan-Herraz, Mustafa Khwaja, Max Brown, Gavin D Richardson, Masaaki Komatsu, Daniel Erskine, Viktor I Korolchuk, Tetsushi Kataura
{"title":"Translophagy-A potential link between autophagy impairment and translational errors.","authors":"Mykola V Korolchuk, Gailing Ma, Robin Antrobus, Diego Manni, Marco Trevisan-Herraz, Mustafa Khwaja, Max Brown, Gavin D Richardson, Masaaki Komatsu, Daniel Erskine, Viktor I Korolchuk, Tetsushi Kataura","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of protein homeostasis requires coordination between protein synthesis and degradation, yet whether autophagy directly controls translational machinery remains unclear. Here we explored whether autophagy maintains translational fidelity. Proteomic analysis of ubiquitin-enriched fractions and p62-associated proteins in autophagy-deficient tissue confirmed previous studies identifying ribosomal proteins and RNA-binding factors among candidate autophagy cargo. Pharmacological or genetic impairment of autophagy increased translational errors, particularly during oxidative stress. Components of the translational machinery localised to LC3-positive autophagic structures and accumulated in human brain tissue affected by neurodegeneration. These findings support a hypothesis in which autophagy preserves protein synthesis quality by removing damaged translational machinery. We term this proposed mechanism translophagy, potentially linking autophagy dysfunction, oxidative stress and the aberrant proteins in neurodegenerative disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70430
Jinling Wang, Ruslana Romaniuk, Hristo L Svilenov
{"title":"Engineering peptides into antibodies-opportunities and strategies for therapeutic innovation.","authors":"Jinling Wang, Ruslana Romaniuk, Hristo L Svilenov","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptides and antibodies occupy complementary therapeutic niches. Peptides offer compact size and high-affinity recognition of difficult targets, whereas antibodies provide exquisite specificity, long serum half-life, and effector functions. Here we review strategies that merge these modalities by engineering peptides into immunoglobulins and antibody fragments. We discuss peptide grafting into hypervariable and framework loops, terminal fusion to antibody chains, Fc-peptide fusion proteins, and bioconjugation approaches. Across these formats, we examine examples that illustrate the importance of insertion site, peptide topology, and linker design for folding, activity, and developability. We highlight how antibody fusion and conjugation with natural and engineered peptides can confer novel target binding, conditional activation, altered biodistribution, improved pharmacokinetics, or intracellular delivery, and we discuss how disulfide-rich and macrocyclic peptides have enriched the design space. Finally, we also point out key translational challenges, including manufacturability, stability, heterogeneity, and immunogenicity, and propose that advances in protein design and chemical bioconjugation will enable next-generation therapeutics at the interface of antibodies and peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FEBS LettersPub Date : 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70443
Tasneem Rass, Dana Reichmann, Gábor Erdős
{"title":"Emerging experimental and computational methods for studying redox-regulated structural transitions.","authors":"Tasneem Rass, Dana Reichmann, Gábor Erdős","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiol-based redox switches utilize the unique nucleophilicity of cysteine and selenocysteine to dynamically link real-time cellular redox fluctuations to metabolic regulation and signaling pathways. Capturing the precise atomic-level thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms driving these oxidative modifications has long been limited by the chemical instability of transient intermediates and the immense computational costs of classical molecular dynamics simulations. However, recent advancements in chemoselective small-molecule probes now allow for the high-purity trapping and enrichment of specific sulfenic and sulfinic acid states. In parallel, a paradigm shift toward machine learning, graph neural networks, and protein language models has bypassed traditional computational bottlenecks, enabling high-throughput, proteome-wide predictions of redox switches in seconds. Furthermore, emerging data reveal that these redox modifications do not merely alter well-structured proteins, but actively dictate conditional folding transitions and structural transformations within intrinsically disordered proteins and biomolecular condensates. Here, we provide a comparative overview of these dual experimental and computational advancements and highlight how the integration of generative diffusion models could facilitate the real-time simulation of conditional, multi-state structural ensembles across the redox proteome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}