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The multiple roles of the NlpC_P60 peptidase family in mycobacteria – an underexplored target for antimicrobial drug discovery NlpC_P60肽酶家族在分枝杆菌中的多重作用-抗菌药物发现的一个未被开发的靶点
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70021
Catharina dos Santos Silva, Marcio Vinicius Bertacine Dias
{"title":"The multiple roles of the NlpC_P60 peptidase family in mycobacteria – an underexplored target for antimicrobial drug discovery","authors":"Catharina dos Santos Silva,&nbsp;Marcio Vinicius Bertacine Dias","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main function of the cell wall is to maintain cellular integrity throughout the cell cycle by keeping the cell shape during growth and division. However, far from being a static structure, the cell wall undergoes constant recycling and even molecular modifications of its components. The major component of the bacterial cell wall is the peptidoglycan layer. The balance between peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation is crucial for cell viability and proliferation. Hence, factors involved in the control of peptidoglycan turnover are considered interesting targets for drug development. Members of the NlpC_P60 superfamily of peptidases have been described to participate in the physiology and pathogenesis of several bacterial lineages. However, the knowledge about NlpC_P60-like proteins from mycobacteria is still limited, despite the great progress in recent years. In this Review, we aimed to compile the information about mycobacterial NlpC_P60 proteins, pointing out their distribution across pathogenic and environmental <i>Mycobacterium</i> species, highlighting the knowledge gaps and describing their structural features, role in the physiology and mycobacterial pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 9","pages":"1203-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cell proliferation and cell death during whole-body regeneration in the demosponge Halisarca dujardinii 杜氏海参海绵全身再生过程中的细胞增殖和细胞死亡。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70025
Andrey I. Lavrov, Nikolai P. Melnikov, Fyodor V. Bolshakov, Daniyal M. Saidov, Emilie Le Goff, Kseniia V. Skorentseva, Veronika S. Frolova, Alexander V. Ereskovsky
{"title":"Cell proliferation and cell death during whole-body regeneration in the demosponge Halisarca dujardinii","authors":"Andrey I. Lavrov,&nbsp;Nikolai P. Melnikov,&nbsp;Fyodor V. Bolshakov,&nbsp;Daniyal M. Saidov,&nbsp;Emilie Le Goff,&nbsp;Kseniia V. Skorentseva,&nbsp;Veronika S. Frolova,&nbsp;Alexander V. Ereskovsky","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sponges (phylum Porifera) are early-branching metazoans demonstrating an outstanding example of whole-body regeneration, cell reaggregation. During the process, single cells form aggregates capable of progressive development and reconstruction of intact sponges. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of cell proliferation and cell death during cell reaggregation in a marine demosponge, <i>Halisarca dujardinii</i>. Relatively high proliferative activity occurs at the early and late stages of the reaggregation. This proliferation seems to be a consequence of intact tissue turnover rather than a prerequisite for aggregate development. The contribution of cell death is limited to a short period during the aggregate epithelization. Cell reaggregation in demosponges appears to be a morphallactic restorative process relying primarily on cell migration, dedifferentiation, and transdifferentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 12","pages":"1698-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RETRACTION: Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes: Cytosolic Activation of Procaspase-8 and the Role of Bcl-2 缩回：紫外线B辐射诱导的人角质形成细胞凋亡：胞浆中Procaspase-8的激活和Bcl-2的作用。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70019
{"title":"RETRACTION: Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes: Cytosolic Activation of Procaspase-8 and the Role of Bcl-2","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>RETRACTION</b>: Z. Assefa, M. Garmyn, A. Vantieghem, W. Declercq, P. Vandenabeele, J. R. Vandenheede and P. Agostinis, “Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes: Cytosolic Activation of Procaspase-8 and the Role of Bcl-2,” <i>FEBS Letters</i> 540, no. 1-3 (2003): 125-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00238-2.</p><p>The above article, published online on 15 March 2003 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between; the journal Editor-in-Chief, Michael Brunner; FEBS Press; and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to concerns regarding the manipulation of the HaCaT/Bcl-2 blot shown in Figure 1B (in the PDF version of this article). Due to the time that has elapsed since publication, the authors were unable to provide their raw data. The editors found the authors' explanation unsatisfactory and as a result consider the results and conclusions unreliable. The authors disagree with the retraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 5","pages":"787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human PHOSPHO1 exhibits phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase C activities and interacts with diacylglycerol kinase δ 人PHOSPHO1具有磷脂酰胆碱-和磷脂酰乙醇胺-磷脂酶C活性，并与二酰基甘油激酶δ相互作用。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70018
Chiaki Murakami, Kyoko Atsuta-Tsunoda, Sho Inomata, Takuma Kawai, Yasuhisa Hijikata, Kamila Dilimulati, Hiromichi Sakai, Fumio Sakane
{"title":"Human PHOSPHO1 exhibits phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase C activities and interacts with diacylglycerol kinase δ","authors":"Chiaki Murakami,&nbsp;Kyoko Atsuta-Tsunoda,&nbsp;Sho Inomata,&nbsp;Takuma Kawai,&nbsp;Yasuhisa Hijikata,&nbsp;Kamila Dilimulati,&nbsp;Hiromichi Sakai,&nbsp;Fumio Sakane","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC and PE-PLC) activities, which generate diacylglycerol (DG) and are tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609)-sensitive, have been detected in both the membrane and cytosolic fractions. We have previously demonstrated that sphingomyelin synthase isozymes, which are transmembrane proteins, exhibit PC-/PE-PLC activities. However, mammalian cytosolic PC-PLC and PE-PLC remain unidentified. Here, we demonstrated that phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), a cytosolic protein, exhibits D609-sensitive PC-PLC and PE-PLC activities. Moreover, the overexpression of PHOSPHO1 in HEK293 cells significantly increased the levels of cellular saturated and/or monounsaturated fatty acid-containing DG. Furthermore, DGKδ cosedimented and colocalized with PHOSPHO1. Collectively, these <i>in vitro</i> findings provide, for the first time, a promising candidate for the long-sought cytosolic PC-/PE-PLC, which may act as DG supply enzyme upstream of DGKδ.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 8","pages":"1169-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unraveling Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid resistance and pH homeostasis mechanisms 揭示结核分枝杆菌耐酸和pH稳态机制。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70023
Janïs Laudouze, Stéphane Canaan, Alexandre Gouzy, Pierre Santucci
{"title":"Unraveling Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid resistance and pH homeostasis mechanisms","authors":"Janïs Laudouze,&nbsp;Stéphane Canaan,&nbsp;Alexandre Gouzy,&nbsp;Pierre Santucci","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) is a successful pathogen that has developed a variety of strategies to survive and replicate within host cells. Among them, resistance mechanisms that allow Mtb to cope with the acidic environment of the endolysosomal network play a crucial role in its host adaptation and pathogenesis. In this Review, we summarize our understanding regarding the molecular factors contributing to Mtb acid resistance and the maintenance of intrabacterial pH homeostasis within <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in cellulo</i> systems. We also discuss some of the recently emerged concepts regarding host adaptation to acid stress, with a special emphasis on central carbon metabolism. Finally, we introduce some of the current and future direction(s) in this fast-evolving field of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 12","pages":"1634-1648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute oxygen sensing by arterial chemoreceptors with a mutant mitochondrial complex I ND6 subunit lacking reverse electron transport 具有线粒体复合物I ND6亚基突变体的动脉化学受体缺乏反向电子传递的急性氧感知。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70017
María Torres-López, Pedro F. Spiller, Lin Gao, Paula García-Flores, Michael P. Murphy, Patricia Ortega-Sáenz, José López-Barneo
{"title":"Acute oxygen sensing by arterial chemoreceptors with a mutant mitochondrial complex I ND6 subunit lacking reverse electron transport","authors":"María Torres-López,&nbsp;Pedro F. Spiller,&nbsp;Lin Gao,&nbsp;Paula García-Flores,&nbsp;Michael P. Murphy,&nbsp;Patricia Ortega-Sáenz,&nbsp;José López-Barneo","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carotid body glomus cells are essential for stimulating breathing in response to hypoxia. They contain specialized mitochondria in which hypoxia induces the accumulation of NADH and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> that modulate membrane ion channel activity. We investigated whether hypoxia induces reverse electron transport (RET) at mitochondrial complex I (MCI). We studied glomus cells from mice with a mutation in ND6, a core protein of MCI, which maintain normal MCI NADH dehydrogenase activity but cannot catalyze RET. The ND6 mutation increases the propensity of MCI to deactivate, and glomus cells with deactivated MCI are insensitive to acute hypoxia. These findings further indicate that MCI function is necessary for glomus cell responsiveness to hypoxia, although MCI RET does not seem to be required for this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 8","pages":"1122-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural differences in the outer membrane-associated flagellar rings between sheathed and unsheathed flagella 有鞘鞭毛和无鞘鞭毛外膜相关鞭毛环的结构差异。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70011
Przemysław Dutka, Ethan H. Li, Tengfei Zhong, Grant J. Jensen, Mohammed Kaplan
{"title":"Structural differences in the outer membrane-associated flagellar rings between sheathed and unsheathed flagella","authors":"Przemysław Dutka,&nbsp;Ethan H. Li,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhong,&nbsp;Grant J. Jensen,&nbsp;Mohammed Kaplan","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The bacterial flagellar motor generates a torque to move the bacterium in its environment. Despite sharing a conserved core, flagellar motors of different species exhibit structural diversity with species-specific embellishments. These embellishments are classified into various types, including integrated (spanning the whole periplasmic space) or outer membrane (OM)-associated ones. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to investigate the structural differences between the embellishments of sheathed and unsheathed flagella in various species. We discovered that the integrated embellishments of sheathed flagella have disks and rings with a constant diameter, while those of unsheathed flagella have components that vary significantly in diameter. Both unsheathed and sheathed flagella with OM-associated embellishments have components with constant diameter with a subset of motors having an additional extracellular ring. In this Hypothesis article, we propose that these differences may play a role in the formation of the sheath, as having large protein disks of various diameters underneath the OM may interfere with membrane bending to form the sheath.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 9","pages":"1236-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural insights into the Shigella flexneri GmvAT toxin-antitoxin system 福氏志贺氏菌GmvAT毒素-抗毒素系统的结构见解。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70015
Ran Chen, Hui Zhao, Jie Zhou, Aoyun Liu, Yinfeng Guo, Kejue Wu, Yongle Xiang, Jinping Lei, Songshan Jiang, Wei Xie
{"title":"Structural insights into the Shigella flexneri GmvAT toxin-antitoxin system","authors":"Ran Chen,&nbsp;Hui Zhao,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Aoyun Liu,&nbsp;Yinfeng Guo,&nbsp;Kejue Wu,&nbsp;Yongle Xiang,&nbsp;Jinping Lei,&nbsp;Songshan Jiang,&nbsp;Wei Xie","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are common bicistronic gene elements in bacteria and are critical for stress responses. The toxin members of the GNAT/RHH TA family can acetylate certain aminoacylated tRNA molecules and inhibit global protein translation. One member named GmvT is important for virulence plasmid maintenance in <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report the cocrystal structures of GmvT in two forms. The binding of the antitoxin mainly relies on the backbone of the toxin while the cofactor is free of contacts with the antitoxin, supported by follow-up <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. Our study provides insight into the protein–protein/protein–ligand interactions of the GmvAT pair and the structural basis for molecular recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 9","pages":"1246-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clathrin functions in intracellular sorting during receptor-mediated endocytosis 在受体介导的内吞过程中，网格蛋白在细胞内分选中起作用。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70016
Mai Itagaki, Noriyasu Kamei
{"title":"Clathrin functions in intracellular sorting during receptor-mediated endocytosis","authors":"Mai Itagaki,&nbsp;Noriyasu Kamei","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clathrin is a key protein involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), which is also known as clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Ligand/receptor binding facilitates clathrin clustering and cell surface invagination. We recently found that the typical CME ligand transferrin (Tf) can be internalized into cells without the clathrin heavy chain (<i>CLTC</i>). In this study, we clarified the unknown roles of clathrin during intracellular trafficking. Microscopic observation revealed that Tf accumulates in the deeper compartments of <i>CLTC</i>-knockdown HeLa cells. A colocalization analysis with endosome/lysosome markers showed that endocytosed Tf moves to early/late endosomes and then to lysosomes in <i>CLTC</i>-knockdown cells. This suggests that clathrin contributes to the recycling and exocytosis of endocytosed molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 11","pages":"1509-1517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunoregulatory mechanisms of the arachidonic acid pathway in cancer 花生四烯酸途径在癌症中的免疫调节机制。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学
FEBS Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.70013
Maria Tredicine, Matteo Mucci, Antonio Recchiuti, Domenico Mattoscio
{"title":"Immunoregulatory mechanisms of the arachidonic acid pathway in cancer","authors":"Maria Tredicine,&nbsp;Matteo Mucci,&nbsp;Antonio Recchiuti,&nbsp;Domenico Mattoscio","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway promotes tumor progression by modulating the complex interactions between cancer and immune cells within the microenvironment. In this Review, we summarize the knowledge acquired thus far concerning the intricate mechanisms through which eicosanoids either promote or suppress the antitumor immune response. In addition, we will discuss the impact of eicosanoids on immune cells and how they affect responsiveness to immunotherapy, as well as potential strategies for manipulating the AA pathway to improve anticancer immunotherapy. Understanding the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the role played by AA and its metabolites in tumor progression may contribute to the development of more effective anticancer immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":"599 7","pages":"927-951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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