Food additives and contaminants最新文献_第4页

Biodiversity of Aspergillus section Flavi in the United States: a review. 美国黄曲霉(Aspergillus Flavi)生物多样性综述。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 Epub Date: 2007-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701510012

Bruce W Horn

{"title":"Biodiversity of Aspergillus section Flavi in the United States: a review.","authors":"Bruce W Horn","doi":"10.1080/02652030701510012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701510012","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi are of great economic importance in the United States due to their ability to produce toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities. Development of control strategies against A. flavus and A. parasiticus, the major aflatoxin-producing species, is dependent upon a basic understanding of their diversity in agricultural ecosystems. This review summarizes our current knowledge of species and population diversity in the United States in relation to morphology, mycotoxin production and genetic characters. The high genetic diversity in populations of aflatoxigenic fungi is a reflection of their versatile habits in nature, which include saprotrophic colonization of plant debris in soil and parasitism of seeds and grain. Genetic variation within populations may originate from a cryptic sexual state. The advent of intensive monoculture agriculture not only increases population size but also may introduce positive selective pressure for aflatoxin production due to its link with pathogenicity in crops. Important goals in population research are to determine how section Flavi diversity in agricultural ecosystems is changing and to measure the direction of this evolution.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1088-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701510012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40959933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 101

Aflatoxin formation and gene expression in response to carbon source media shift in Aspergillus parasiticus. 碳源介质转移对寄生曲霉黄曲霉毒素形成及基因表达的影响。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701579454

J R Wilkinson, J Yu, H K Abbas, B E Scheffler, H S Kim, W C Nierman, D Bhatnagar, T E Cleveland

{"title":"Aflatoxin formation and gene expression in response to carbon source media shift in Aspergillus parasiticus.","authors":"J R Wilkinson, J Yu, H K Abbas, B E Scheffler, H S Kim, W C Nierman, D Bhatnagar, T E Cleveland","doi":"10.1080/02652030701579454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701579454","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketide metabolites produced by fungal species, including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The biosynthesis of aflatoxins is modulated by many environmental factors, including the availability of a carbon source. The gene expression profile of A. parasiticus was evaluated during a shift from a medium with low concentration of simple sugars, yeast extract (YE), to a similar medium with sucrose, yeast extract sucrose (YES). Gene expression and aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) were quantified from fungal mycelia harvested pre- and post-shifting. When compared with YE media, YES caused temporary reduction of the aflatoxin levels detected at 3-h post-shifting and they remained low well past 12 h post-shift. Aflatoxin levels did not exceed the levels in YE until 24 h post-shift, at which time point a tenfold increase was observed over YE. Microarray analysis comparing the RNA samples from the 48-h YE culture to the YES samples identified a total of 2120 genes that were expressed across all experiments, including most of the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified 56 genes that were expressed with significant variation across all time points. Three genes responsible for converting norsolorinic acid to averantin were identified among these significantly expressed genes. The potential involvement of these genes in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis is discussed.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1051-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701579454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40987413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Gene profiling for studying the mechanism of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. 黄曲霉和寄生蜂黄曲霉毒素合成机制研究的基因谱分析。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701513800

Jiujiang Yu, Catherine M Ronning, Jeffery R Wilkinson, Bruce C Campbell, Gary A Payne, Deepak Bhatnagar, Thomas E Cleveland, William C Nierman

{"title":"Gene profiling for studying the mechanism of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.","authors":"Jiujiang Yu, Catherine M Ronning, Jeffery R Wilkinson, Bruce C Campbell, Gary A Payne, Deepak Bhatnagar, Thomas E Cleveland, William C Nierman","doi":"10.1080/02652030701513800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701513800","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketide metabolites produced by certain fungal species, including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Many internal and external factors, such as nutrition and environment affect aflatoxin biosynthesis; therefore, we analyzed the transcriptome of A. flavus using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a normalized cDNA expression library constructed from mycelia harvested under several conditions. A total of 7218 unique ESTs were identified from 26,110 sequenced cDNA clones. Functional classifications were assigned to these ESTs and genes, potentially involved in the aflatoxin contamination process, were identified. Based on this EST sequence information, a genomic DNA amplicon microarray was constructed at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). To identify potential regulatory networks controlling aflatoxin contamination in food and feeds, gene expression profiles in aflatoxin-supportive media versus non-aflatoxin-supportive media were evaluated in A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Genes consistently expressed in several aflatoxin-supportive media are reported.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1035-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701513800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40987461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Analysis of aflatoxin regulatory factors in serial transfer-induced non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus. 系列转移诱导的非产黄曲霉寄生的黄曲霉毒素调控因子分析。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701564563

S P Kale, J W Cary, N Hollis, J R Wilkinson, D Bhatnagar, J Yu, T E Cleveland, J W Bennett

{"title":"Analysis of aflatoxin regulatory factors in serial transfer-induced non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus.","authors":"S P Kale, J W Cary, N Hollis, J R Wilkinson, D Bhatnagar, J Yu, T E Cleveland, J W Bennett","doi":"10.1080/02652030701564563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701564563","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins (AFs) are carcinogenic secondary metabolites of Aspergillus parasiticus. In previous studies, non-toxigenic A. parasiticus sec- (for secondary metabolism negative) variants were generated through serial transfer of mycelia from their toxigenic sec+ (for secondary metabolism positive) parents for genetic and physiological analysis for understanding regulation of AF biosynthesis. Previous studies have shown no difference in the DNA sequence of aflR, a positive regulator of AF production, in the sec+ and sec- strains. In this study, AflJ, another positive regulator of AF production, laeA, a global regulator of secondary metabolism, and the intergenic region between aflR and aflJ, were analysed to determine if they play a role in establishment of the sec- phenotype. The study showed that while this sequence identity extended to the aflJ as well as the aflJ-aflR intergenic region, expression of aflR in the sec- strain was several fold lower than that observed in the sec+ strain, while aflJ expression was barely detectable in the sec- strain. Western blot analysis indicated that despite AflR protein being present in the sec- strain, no toxin production resulted. Introduction of a second copy of aflR into the sec- strain increased aflR expression, but did not restore AF production. Lastly, reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that laeA was expressed in both sec+ and sec- strains. These results suggest that although aflR, aflJ and laeA are necessary for AF production, they are not sufficient. We propose that the aflR and aflJ expression may be regulated by element(s) downstream from laeA or from pathways not influenced by laeA.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1061-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701564563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40987414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Functional characterization, sequence comparisons and distribution of a polyketide synthase gene required for perithecial pigmentation in some Fusarium species. 一些镰刀菌种表皮色素沉着所需的聚酮合成酶基因的功能特征、序列比较和分布。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701546495

R H Proctor, R A E Butchko, D W Brown, A Moretti

{"title":"Functional characterization, sequence comparisons and distribution of a polyketide synthase gene required for perithecial pigmentation in some Fusarium species.","authors":"R H Proctor, R A E Butchko, D W Brown, A Moretti","doi":"10.1080/02652030701546495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701546495","url":null,"abstract":"Polyketides are a structurally diverse class of secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. The fungal genus Fusarium includes agronomically important plant pathogenic and mycotoxin-producing species and produces numerous polyketides. The study further characterized a polyketide synthase-encoding gene (PKS3 = PGL1) that was previously identified in F. graminearum and F. verticillioides. Disruption of the F. verticillioides PGL1 indicated that it is required for the production of the dark pigment in perithecial walls, as previously shown in F. graminearum. A third PGL1 orthologue was identified in the genomic sequence of N. haematococca (anamorph F. solani f. sp. pisi). Analysis of the carboxy-terminal end of the deduced PGL1 protein indicated that it had a functional domain related to dehydrogenases/reductases that is sometimes present in non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Comparison of the genomic regions flanking PGL1 in F. graminearum, F. verticillioides and N. haematococca revealed that the extent of gene synteny in this region was greater between F. graminearum and F. verticillioides than between either of these species and N. haematococca. Southern blot analysis indicated that PGL1 occurs widely within the genus Fusarium including species with no known sexual stage.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1076-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701546495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40987416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Wheat kernel black point and fumonisin contamination by Fusarium proliferatum. 小麦籽粒黑点与富马菌素污染。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701513834

A E Desjardins, M Busman, R H Proctor, R Stessman

引用次数: 66

Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) screening method for the identification of Aspergillus section Nigri species by the detection of calmodulin nucleotide variations. 快速聚合酶链反应(PCR)-单链构象多态性(SSCP)筛选法检测钙调素核苷酸变异对黑曲霉种进行鉴定。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701551834

A Susca, G Stea, G Perrone

引用次数: 20

Immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin detection: evolution from single to multiple analyte screening: a review. 快速检测真菌毒素的免疫化学方法:从单一到多种分析物筛选的演变:综述。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701557179

I Y Goryacheva, S De Saeger, S A Eremin, C Van Peteghem

引用次数: 143

Application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method to multi-mycotoxin determination in raw cereals and evaluation of matrix effects. 液相色谱-串联质谱法在谷物原料中多种霉菌毒素测定及基质效应评价中的应用。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701510004

Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Rainer Schuhmacher

{"title":"Application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method to multi-mycotoxin determination in raw cereals and evaluation of matrix effects.","authors":"Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Rainer Schuhmacher","doi":"10.1080/02652030701510004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701510004","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-analyte method for the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination of mycotoxins in crude grain extracts without clean-up has been applied to the analysis of spelt, rice and barley. Method performance characteristics were determined after spiking blank samples at multiple levels and were found to be comparable for all investigated matrices as regards linearity (linear calibration functions were obtained for all analyte/matrix combinations except for moniliformin), precision (coefficient of variations <6%) and sensitivity. Matrix-induced signal suppression/enhancement was studied in detail and varied significantly between the investigated matrices, as well as between individual samples (relative standard deviation was as high as 40% within three rice varieties) and individual toxins. It was concluded that a reliable quantitative analysis using matrix-matched calibration requires careful consideration of the model matrix, which should match the investigated samples as close as possible.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1184-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701510004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41054478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 93

Apyap1 affects aflatoxin biosynthesis during Aspergillus parasiticus growth in maize seeds. Apyap1对玉米种子曲霉寄生生长过程中黄曲霉毒素合成的影响。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701553244

M Reverberi, S Zjalic, F Punelli, A Ricelli, A A Fabbri, C Fanelli

{"title":"Apyap1 affects aflatoxin biosynthesis during Aspergillus parasiticus growth in maize seeds.","authors":"M Reverberi, S Zjalic, F Punelli, A Ricelli, A A Fabbri, C Fanelli","doi":"10.1080/02652030701553244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701553244","url":null,"abstract":"It is demonstrated that, in fungal cells grown in synthetic media, the Apyap1 gene is implicated in the modulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis following the perturbation of redox balance. This study suggests that an association between oxidative stress and aflatoxin biosynthesis also occurs in maize seeds. We used DeltaApyap1, a strain in which the gene Apyap1 was disrupted, to verify whether this oxidative stress-related transcription factor, by affecting cell redox balance, can have a role in the modulation of aflatoxin synthesis. The amount of hydroperoxides (ROOH) produced by wild type (WT) and DeltaApyap1, both grown in potato dextrose broth, was assayed in the filtrate. In maize seeds (30 g), inoculated with WT and DeltaApyap1conidia and incubated at 30 degrees C for 15 days, lipoxygenase activity (LOX), lipoperoxides (LOOH) production, fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis was analysed. It was observed that DeltaApyap1 released more hydroperoxides in the culture media and more aflatoxins in seeds, possibly through stronger stimulation of LOX, which, in turn led to greater LOOH production in the seeds. On the basis of the results, a hypothesis regarding strategies to control aflatoxin synthesis is formulated.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1070-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701553244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40987415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52