Food additives and contaminants最新文献_第5页

Assessment of Fusarium infection in wheat heads using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. 应用定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)测定小麦穗镰刀菌感染。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701551818

V Rossi, V Terzi, F Moggi, C Morcia, P Faccioli, M Haidukowski, M Pascale

{"title":"Assessment of Fusarium infection in wheat heads using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay.","authors":"V Rossi, V Terzi, F Moggi, C Morcia, P Faccioli, M Haidukowski, M Pascale","doi":"10.1080/02652030701551818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701551818","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in quantifying the DNA of trichothecene-producing F. culmorum and F. graminearum within harvested wheat grains and head tissue was evaluated in comparison with incidences of infected kernels and deoxynivalenol levels. In a first experiment, six durum and bread wheat varieties were grown in randomized plots for a 2-year period, and inoculated with Fusarium macroconidia at six growth stages between heading and dough ripening, to obtain a wide range of Fusarium head blight incidences. There was a close relationship between fungal DNA and the amount of deoxynivalenol, and this relationship was consistent over Fusarium species, wheat species and varieties, and over a wide range of Fusarium head blight infection. In a second experiment potted wheat plants were grown under environmentally controlled conditions and inoculated with the two Fusarium species at full flowering; head samples were collected before inoculation and after 6 h to 12 days, and processed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. This assay made it possible to detect the dynamic of fungal invasion in planta after infection had occurred, and to single out the presence of infection before the onset of the disease symptoms: A robust detection of the infection occurred within 18-24 h for F. culmorum, and within 2-9 days for F. graminearum.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1121-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701551818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40987420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Detection of Aspergillus carbonarius and other black aspergilli from grapes by DNA OLISA microarray. DNA OLISA芯片检测葡萄炭黑曲霉及其他黑曲霉。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701579447

E Bufflier, A Susca, M Baud, G Mulè, K Brengel, A Logrieco

引用次数: 11

Biomarkers of exposure to fumonisin mycotoxins: a review. 伏马毒素暴露的生物标志物:综述。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701513818

G S Shephard, L Van Der Westhuizen, V Sewram

{"title":"Biomarkers of exposure to fumonisin mycotoxins: a review.","authors":"G S Shephard, L Van Der Westhuizen, V Sewram","doi":"10.1080/02652030701513818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701513818","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of adverse health effects associated with fungal mycotoxins requires the measurement of human exposure. Most frequently, this exposure is estimated from contamination levels of raw foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in food preparation methods, food intake, contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that are more readily measured with a biomarker. Fumonisin biomarkers have been sought in the measurement of levels of the toxin in physiological samples such as serum, urine, faeces, hair and nails. However, due to the low bioavailability of fumonisin, these samples pose a variety of analytical challenges and also still require validation as biomarkers. The most widely researched fumonisin biomarkers have been those related to the disruption of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, namely elevated levels of the sphingoid base, sphinganine, or of its ratio with sphingosine. Elevation of these parameters in humans would potentially provide a biomarker of biochemical effect. A number of investigations into the possible elevation of sphinganine (or its ratio with sphingosine) in human blood and urine have generally failed to correlate with estimates of fumonisin exposure. The sphingoid bases occur naturally in human blood and urine such that their levels have normal ranges, which can be influenced by dietary factors other than fumonisin ingestion. The lower exposures from human diets, as compared with doses in experimental animals, have made detection of changes in these sphingoid biomarkers problematic.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1196-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701513818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41054479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 114

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis based on the calmodulin gene. 基于钙调素基因的黑曲霉和塔宾曲霉聚合酶链反应(PCR)鉴定。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701546206

A Susca, G Stea, G Mulè, G Perrone

{"title":"Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis based on the calmodulin gene.","authors":"A Susca, G Stea, G Mulè, G Perrone","doi":"10.1080/02652030701546206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701546206","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus niger and A. tubingensis, species belonging to section Nigri, are commonly found in plant products and processed food, such as grapes, cereals, coffee, and derived products. These two species are very difficult to differentiate by classical morphological criteria and some isolates are known to produce ochratoxin A. The exact identification of these two species is very important to avoid the overestimation of toxicological contamination and related risks. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based identification and detection assay was developed as a tool to identify A. niger and A. tubingensis, using molecular differences obtained by sequencing the calmodulin gene. Two pairs of species-specific primers were designed and empirically evaluated for PCR identification of A. niger and A. tubingensis. Species-specific PCR products generated by each primer set were 505 bp (A. tubingensis) and 245 bp (A. niger) in length, which could be potentially useful for a multiplex PCR assay. The sensitivity of this assay was about 10 pg DNA in a 25-microl PCR reaction volume, using pure total DNA of the two species. The method described in this study represents a rapid and reliable procedure to assess the presence in food products of two ochratoxigenic species of section Nigri.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 10","pages":"1154-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701546206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41054475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Ochratoxin A in liquorice as affected by processing methods. 甘草中赭曲霉毒素A受加工方法的影响。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701317277

A Ariño, M Herrera, E Langa, J Raso, A Herrera

引用次数: 19

US FDA's revised consumption factor for polystyrene used in food-contact applications. 美国食品和药物管理局修订的用于食品接触应用的聚苯乙烯消费系数。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701313797

K Cassidy, S Elyashiv-Barad

引用次数: 10

Dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs: occurrence in food and dietary intake in France. 二恶英、呋喃和类二恶英多氯联苯:在法国的食物和饮食摄入情况。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701317293

A Tard, S Gallotti, J-C Leblanc, J-L Volatier

引用次数: 69

Survey of lead and copper in Turkish raisins. 土耳其葡萄干中铅和铜的调查。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701297529

F Calisir, S Akman

引用次数: 5

Toxic and essential metals in liver, kidney and muscle of pigs at slaughter in Galicia, north-west Spain. 西班牙西北部加利西亚屠宰的猪的肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中含有有毒和必需金属。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701216719

M López-Alonso, M Miranda, C Castillo, J Hernández, M García-Vaquero, J L Benedito

{"title":"Toxic and essential metals in liver, kidney and muscle of pigs at slaughter in Galicia, north-west Spain.","authors":"M López-Alonso, M Miranda, C Castillo, J Hernández, M García-Vaquero, J L Benedito","doi":"10.1080/02652030701216719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701216719","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of the study were to evaluate toxic and essential metal concentrations in meat and offal from pigs in north-west Spain to compare these with reported metal concentrations in pigs in other countries and in cattle in this region, and to relate the observed concentrations to maximum acceptable concentrations. Samples from 63 pigs aged 6 months were randomly collected at slaughter. After acid digestion, levels of metals were determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. As regards the toxic metals, mean concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle were 0.073, 0.308 and 0.009 mg kg(-1) fresh weight for cadmium, 0.004, 0.008 and 0.003 mg kg(-1) for lead, 0.013, 0.011 and 0.003 mg kg(-1) for arsenic, and 0.001, 0.002 and 0.001 mg kg(-1) for mercury. These concentrations can be considered low, and in general similar to those reported in similar studies in recent years. In addition, maximum admissible concentrations established by the European Union were not exceeded in any sample. As regards the essential metals, concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle were 14.9, 5.63 and 6.85 mg kg(-1) for copper, 81.3, 28.9 and 42.5 mg kg(-1) for zinc, 195, 51.6 and 26.5 mg kg(-1) for iron; 1.17, 2.51 and 0.656 mg kg(-1) for selenium, 3.32, 1.56 and 1.01 mg kg(-1) for manganese, 0.023, 0.027 and 0.003 mg kg(-1) for cobalt, 0.120, 0.077 and 0.131 mg kg(-1) for chromium, 0.009, 0.027 and 0.026 mg kg(-1) for nickel, and 1.62, 0.683 and 0.140 mg kg(-1) for molybdenum. These concentrations are all within the accepted adequate-safe ranges for this animal species, and in general are in line with those previously reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":12138,"journal":{"name":"Food additives and contaminants","volume":"24 9","pages":"943-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02652030701216719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26881569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 85

Total and organic mercury concentrations in the white muscles of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) from the Indian and Atlantic oceans. 来自印度洋和大西洋的剑鱼(剑鱼)白色肌肉中的总汞和有机汞浓度。

Food additives and contaminants Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701305470

M-H Chen, C-Y Chen, S-K Chang, S-W Huang

引用次数: 19