IF 1.2 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2308737

Dominique Brunßen, Beat Suter

{"title":"Effects of unstable β-PheRS on food avoidance, growth, and development are suppressed by the appetite hormone CCHa2.","authors":"Dominique Brunßen, Beat Suter","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2024.2308737","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2024.2308737","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases perform diverse non-canonical functions aside from their essential role in charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acid. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) is an α2β2 tetramer that is needed for charging the tRNAPhe for its translation activity. Fragments of the α-subunit have been shown to display an additional, translation-independent, function that activates growth and proliferation and counteracts Notch signalling. Here we show in Drosophila that overexpressing the β-subunit in the context of the complete PheRS leads to larval roaming, food avoidance, slow growth, and a developmental delay that can last several days and even prevents pupation. These behavioural and developmental phenotypes are induced by PheRS expression in CCHa2+ and Pros+ cells. Simultaneous expression of β-PheRS, α-PheRS, and the appetite-inducing CCHa2 peptide rescued these phenotypes, linking this β-PheRS activity to the appetite-controlling pathway. The fragmentation dynamic of the excessive β-PheRS points to β-PheRS fragments as possible candidate inducers of these phenotypes. Because fragmentation of human FARS has also been observed in human cells and mutations in human β-PheRS (FARSB) can lead to problems in gaining weight, Drosophila β-PheRS can also serve as a model for the human phenotype and possibly also for obesity.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"18 1","pages":"2308737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A tissue dissociation method for ATAC-seq and CUT&RUN in Drosophila pupal tissues. 果蝇蛹组织中ATAC-seq和CUT&RUN的组织分离方法。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2023.2209481

Elli M Buchert, Elizabeth A Fogarty, Christopher M Uyehara, Daniel J McKay, Laura A Buttitta

{"title":"A tissue dissociation method for ATAC-seq and CUT&RUN in Drosophila pupal tissues.","authors":"Elli M Buchert, Elizabeth A Fogarty, Christopher M Uyehara, Daniel J McKay, Laura A Buttitta","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2023.2209481","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2023.2209481","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding are highly dynamic during Drosophila metamorphosis and drive global changes in gene expression as larval tissues differentiate into adult structures. Unfortunately, the presence of pupa cuticle on many Drosophila tissues during metamorphosis prevents enzyme access to cells and has limited the use of enzymatic in situ methods for assessing chromatin accessibility and histone modifications. Here, we present a dissociation method for cuticle-bound pupal tissues that is compatible for use with ATAC-Seq and CUT&RUN to interrogate chromatin accessibility and histone modifications. We show this method provides comparable chromatin accessibility data to the non-enzymatic approach FAIRE-seq, with only a fraction of the amount of input tissue required. This approach is also compatible with CUT&RUN, which allows genome-wide mapping of histone modifications with less than 1/10th of the tissue input required for more conventional approaches such as Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq). Our protocol makes it possible to use newer, more sensitive enzymatic in situ approaches to interrogate gene regulatory networks during Drosophila metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"17 1","pages":"2209481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9609652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The utility and caveat of split-GAL4s in the study of neurodegeneration. 分裂- gal4s在神经退行性疾病研究中的应用和警告。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2023.2192847

Luca Stickley, Rafael Koch, Emi Nagoshi

引用次数: 2

Spatiotemporal changes in microtubule dynamics during dendritic morphogenesis. 树突形态发生过程中微管动力学的时空变化

IF 2.4 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2021.1976033

Chun Hu, Pan Feng, Meilan Chen, Yan Tang, Peter Soba

{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes in microtubule dynamics during dendritic morphogenesis.","authors":"Chun Hu, Pan Feng, Meilan Chen, Yan Tang, Peter Soba","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2021.1976033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2021.1976033","url":null,"abstract":"Dendritic morphogenesis requires dynamic microtubules (MTs) to form a coordinated cytoskeletal network during development. Dynamic MTs are characterized by their number, polarity and speed of polymerization. Previous studies described a correlation between anterograde MT growth and terminal branch extension in Drosophila dendritic arborization (da) neurons, suggesting a model that anterograde MT polymerization provides a driving force for dendritic branching. We recently found that the Ste20-like kinase Tao specifically regulates dendritic branching by controlling the number of dynamic MTs in a kinase activity-dependent fashion, without affecting MT polarity or speed. This finding raises the interesting question of how MT dynamics affects dendritic morphogenesis, and if Tao kinase activity is developmentally regulated to coordinate MT dynamics and dendritic morphogenesis. We explored the possible correlation between MT dynamics and dendritic morphogenesis together with the activity changes of Tao kinase in C1da and C4da neurons during larval development. Our data show that spatiotemporal changes in the number of dynamic MTs, but not polarity or polymerization speed, correlate with dendritic branching and Tao kinase activity. Our findings suggest that Tao kinase limits dendritic branching by controlling the abundance of dynamic MTs and we propose a novel model on how regulation of MT dynamics might influence dendritic morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"16 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9188952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patched and Costal-2 mutations lead to differences in tissue overgrowth autonomy. Patched和Costal-2突变导致组织过度生长自主性的差异。

IF 2.4 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2062991

Shannon L Moore, Frank C Adamini, Erik S Coopes, Dustin Godoy, Shyra J Northington, Jordan M Stewart, Richard L Tillett, Kayla L Bieser, Jacob D Kagey

{"title":"Patched and Costal-2 mutations lead to differences in tissue overgrowth autonomy.","authors":"Shannon L Moore, Frank C Adamini, Erik S Coopes, Dustin Godoy, Shyra J Northington, Jordan M Stewart, Richard L Tillett, Kayla L Bieser, Jacob D Kagey","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2022.2062991","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2022.2062991","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic screens are used in Drosophila melanogaster to identify genes key in the regulation of organismal development and growth. These screens have defined signalling pathways necessary for tissue and organismal development, which are evolutionarily conserved across species, including Drosophila. Here, we have used an FLP/FRT mosaic system to screen for conditional regulators of cell growth and cell division in the Drosophila eye. The conditional nature of this screen utilizes a block in the apoptotic pathway to prohibit the mosaic mutant cells from dying via apoptosis. From this screen, we identified two different mutants that mapped to the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Previously, we described a novel Ptc mutation and here we add to the understanding of disrupting the Hh pathway with a novel allele of Cos2. Both of these Hh components are negative regulators of the pathway, yet they depict mutant differences in the type of overgrowth created. Ptc mutations lead to overgrowth consisting of almost entirely wild-type tissue (non-autonomous overgrowth), while the Cos2 mutation results in tissue that is overgrown in both the mutant and wild-type clones (both autonomous and non-autonomous). These differences in tissue overgrowth are consistent in the Drosophila eye and wing. The observed difference is correlated with different deregulation patterns of pMad, the downstream effector of DPP signalling. This finding provides insight into pathway-specific differences that help to better understand intricacies of developmental processes and human diseases that result from deregulated Hedgehog signalling, such as basal cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"16 1","pages":"176-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9045829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10603000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies of neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila and the development of novel approaches for their analysis. 利用果蝇研究神经退行性疾病，并开发新的分析方法。

IF 2.4 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2087484

Yohei Nitta, Atsushi Sugie

引用次数: 0

Ancestral dietary change alters the development of Drosophila larvae through MAPK signalling. 祖先的饮食改变通过MAPK信号改变果蝇幼虫的发育。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2088032

Samuel G Towarnicki, Neil A Youngson, Susan M Corley, Jus C St John, Richard G Melvin, Nigel Turner, Margaret J Morris, J William O Ballard

{"title":"Ancestral dietary change alters the development of Drosophila larvae through MAPK signalling.","authors":"Samuel G Towarnicki, Neil A Youngson, Susan M Corley, Jus C St John, Richard G Melvin, Nigel Turner, Margaret J Morris, J William O Ballard","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2022.2088032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336934.2022.2088032","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in a broad range of animal species have revealed phenotypes that are caused by ancestral life experiences, including stress and diet. Ancestral dietary macronutrient composition and quantity (over- and under-nutrition) have been shown to alter descendent growth, metabolism and behaviour. Molecules have been identified in gametes that are changed by ancestral diet and are required for transgenerational effects. However, there is less understanding of the developmental pathways altered by inherited molecules during the period between fertilization and adulthood. To investigate this non-genetic inheritance, we exposed great grand-parental and grand-parental generations to defined protein to carbohydrate (P:C) dietary ratios. Descendent developmental timing was consistently faster in the period between the embryonic and pupal stages when ancestors had a higher P:C ratio diet. Transcriptional analysis revealed extensive and long-lasting changes to the MAPK signalling pathway, which controls growth rate through the regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of both MAPK and rRNA pathways recapitulated the ancestral diet-induced developmental changes. This work provides insight into non-genetic inheritance between fertilization and adulthood.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"16 1","pages":"299-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

HaloTag-based reporters for sparse labeling and cell tracking. 基于halotag的报告器，用于稀疏标记和细胞跟踪。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2142460

Lydie Couturier, Juan Luna, Khalil Mazouni, Claire Mestdagh, Minh-Son Phan, Francis Corson, Francois Schweisguth

{"title":"HaloTag-based reporters for sparse labeling and cell tracking.","authors":"Lydie Couturier, Juan Luna, Khalil Mazouni, Claire Mestdagh, Minh-Son Phan, Francis Corson, Francois Schweisguth","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2022.2142460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336934.2022.2142460","url":null,"abstract":"Multiscale analysis of morphogenesis requires to follow and measure in real-time the in vivo behaviour of large numbers of individual cells over long period of time. Despite recent progress, the large-scale automated tracking of cells in developing embryos and tissues remains a challenge. Here we describe a genetic tool for the random and sparse labelling of individual cells in developing Drosophila tissues. This tool is based on the conditional expression of a nuclear HaloTag protein that can be fluorescently labelled upon the irreversible binding of a cell permeable synthetic ligand. While the slow maturation of genetically encoded fluorescent renders the tracking of individual cells difficult in rapidly dividing tissues, nuclear HaloTag proteins allowed for rapid labelling of individual cells in cultured imaginal discs. To study cell shape changes, we also produced an HaloTag version of the actin-bound protein LifeAct. Since sparse labelling facilitates cell tracking, nuclear HaloTag reporters will be useful for the single-cell analysis of fate dynamics in Drosophila tissues cultured ex vivo.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"16 1","pages":"360-366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A screen of small molecule and genetic modulators of life span in female Drosophila identifies etomoxir, RH5849 and unanticipated temperature effects. 对雌果蝇寿命的小分子和基因调节剂进行筛选，发现了依托莫西尔、RH5849 和意想不到的温度效应。

IF 2.4 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2149209

Gary N Landis, Sebastian Ko, Oscar Peng, Brett Bognar, Michael Khmelkov, Hans S Bell, John Tower

{"title":"A screen of small molecule and genetic modulators of life span in female Drosophila identifies etomoxir, RH5849 and unanticipated temperature effects.","authors":"Gary N Landis, Sebastian Ko, Oscar Peng, Brett Bognar, Michael Khmelkov, Hans S Bell, John Tower","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2022.2149209","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2022.2149209","url":null,"abstract":"Mifepristone increases life span in female Drosophila melanogaster, and its molecular target(s) remain unclear. Here small molecule and genetic interventions were tested for ability to mimic mifepristone, or to decrease life span in a way that can be rescued by mifepristone. Etomoxir inhibits lipid metabolism, and significantly increased life span in virgin and mated females, but not males, at 50 µM concentration. Pioglitazone is reported to activate both mammalian PPARγ and its Drosophila homolog Eip75B. Pioglitazone produced minor and inconsistent benefits for female Drosophila life span, and only at the lowest concentrations tested. Ecdysone is a Drosophila steroid hormone reported to regulate responses to mating, and RH5849 is a potent mimic of ecdysone. RH5849 reduced virgin female life span, and this was partly rescued by mifepristone. Mifepristone did not compete with RH5849 for activation of an ecdysone receptor (EcR)-responsive transgenic reporter, indicating that the relevant target for mifepristone is not EcR. The conditional GAL4/GAL80ts system was used in attempt to test the effect of an Eip75B RNAi construct on female life span. However, the 29°C temperature used for induction reduced or eliminated mating-induced midgut hypertrophy, the negative life span effects of mating, and the positive life span effects of mifepristone. Even when applied after mating was complete, a shift to 29°C temperature reduced mating-induced midgut hypertrophy by half, and the life span effects of mating by 4.8-fold. Taken together, these results identify promising small molecules for further analysis, and inform the design of experiments involving the GAL4/GAL80ts system.","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"16 1","pages":"397-413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9683069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster's innate immunity. 微rna (miRNAs)在果蝇先天免疫调节中的作用。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Fly Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2149204

Max Yang Lu, Stanislava Chtarbanova

引用次数: 2

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