Experimental parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in splenic tissue and immune response profile of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice submitted to chronic ethanol intake.","authors":"Aline Aparecida da Rosa ,&nbsp;Luciana Brandão-Bezerra ,&nbsp;Christiane Leal Corrêa ,&nbsp;Silvia Amaral G Da-Silva ,&nbsp;Luciana Silva Rodrigues ,&nbsp;José Roberto Machado-Silva ,&nbsp;Renata Heisler Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> infection, the spleen is one of the organs affected, causing its enlargement (splenomegaly). Intake of ethanol through alcoholic beverages can cause spleen atrophy and interfere with immune activity. To gain knowledge of this association on the spleen and on the immune response profile, male mice were used as an experimental model. These animals were divided into four groups: C. control; EC. uninfected/ethanol gavage; I. infected; and IE. infected/ethanol gavage. Groups I and IE were infected with about 100 cercariae (BH strain) of <em>S. mansoni</em> and in the fifth week of infection, gavage 200 μL/day/animal of 18 % ethanol was started for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the gavage (9th week of infection) all animals were euthanized. The spleen was removed and longitudinally divided in two parts. After histological processing, the sections were stained with H&amp;E and Gomori's Reticulin for histopathological and stereological analyses, white pulp morphometry and quantification of megakaryocytes. The other fragment was macerated (in laminar flow) and the cell suspension, after adjusting the concentration (2 × 10⁶), was plated to obtain cytokines produced by spleen cells that were measured by flow cytometry (Citometric Bead Array). Histopathological and quantitative analyzes in the spleen of the IE group showed an increase in the number of trabeculae and megakaryocytes, a decrease in reticular fibers, as well as important organizational changes in the white pulp and red pulp. Due to the decrease in the levels of cytokines measured and the result of the calculation of the ratio between the IFN-y and IL-10 cytokines (<em>p</em> = 0.0079) of the infected groups, we suggest that ethanol decreased the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response generated by the infection (group IE, the production of cytokines was significantly decreased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). These changes demonstrate that ethanol ingestion interferes with some parameters of experimental <em>S. mansoni</em> infection, such as changes in splenic tissue and in the pattern of cytokine production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139658457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition and mosquitocidal properties of essential oil from Indian indigenous plants Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Ocimum americanum L. against three vector mosquitoes","authors":"Kamaraj Ragavendran ,&nbsp;Jeyaraj Selvakumaran ,&nbsp;Mariappan Muthukanagavel ,&nbsp;Naiyf S. Alharbi ,&nbsp;Muthu Thiruvengadam ,&nbsp;Subramanian Mutheeswaran ,&nbsp;Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu ,&nbsp;Pathalam Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mosquitoes stand out as the most perilous and impactful vectors on a global scale, transmitting a multitude of infectious diseases to both humans and other animals. The primary objective of the current research was to assess the effectiveness of EOs from <span><em>Ocimum</em><em> tenuiflorum</em></span> L. and <em>Ocimum americanum</em> L. in controlling <span><em>Anopheles stephensi</em></span> Liston. <span><em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em></span> Say and <span><em>Aedes aegypti</em></span> L. mosquitoes. The larvae, pupae and eggs of the mosquitoes were exposed to four different concentrations (6.25–50 ppm). The tested EOs resulted in &gt;99–100 % mortality at 120 h for the eggs of all examined mosquito species. It also showed robust larvicidal and pupicidal activity with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 17–39, 23–60 ppm and 46–220, and 73–412 ppm against <em>Aedes, Culex</em> and <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito species, respectively, at 24 h of treatment. The Suitability Index or Predator Safety Factor demonstrated that the EOs extracted from <em>O. tenuiflorum</em> L. and <em>O. americanum</em> L. did not cause harm to <em>P. reticulata, D. indicus</em> (water bug), <em>G. affinis</em> and nymph (dragonfly). GC-MS analysis identified the major probable constituents of the oil, including Phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-(1-Propenyl)- (28.29 %); 1-Methyl-3-(1′-Methylcyclopropyl) Cyclopentene (46.46 %); (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-1,3,6,10,14-Pentaene (18.91 %) and 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-Dimethyl (33.02 %). These constituents may play a significant role in the mosquitocidal activity of the oil. The same results were identified in the formulation prepared from the EOs. This marks the first report confirming the successful utilization of EOs derived from <em>O. tenuiflorum</em> L. and <em>O. americanum</em> L. in mosquito population control initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139646855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical compounds, antioxidant and scolicidal potencies of Thymus fontanesii essential oil","authors":"Sidi Mohammed Ammar Selles ,&nbsp;Belkacem Tahar Belhamiti ,&nbsp;Mokhtaria Kouidri ,&nbsp;Amar Ait Amrane ,&nbsp;Yamina Kadari ,&nbsp;Zohra Kaddour ,&nbsp;Souad Kabrit","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Medicinal plants have become a source of new drugs to treat various diseases due to their low cost, few side effects, and wide accessibility. Among these, essential oils are promising natural compounds for use in scolicidal activity. The targets of our current work were to assess the chemical composition, antioxidant and protoscolicidal activities of </span><span><em>Thymus</em><em> fontanesii</em></span><span> essential oil. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and chemical compounds were quantified by GC-MS/GC-FID. The </span><em>in vitro</em><span> antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power. Three concentrations of essential oil (4.625, 9.25, and 13.875 mg/ml) were tested for 5, 10, and 15 min against </span><em>E. granulosus</em> protoscoleces and their viability was assessed by eosin staining essay. The yield of the essential oil was 2.06 ± 0.41 % (w/w). Carvacrol (59.68 %) was the main compound of <em>Thymus fontanesii</em> essential oils. Moreover, <em>Thymus fontanesii</em> essential oil has an antioxidant activity IC₅₀ of 346.08 μg/ml and EC₅₀ of 869.82 μg/ml. Furthermore, 100 % mortality of protoscoleces was observed at the doses of 9.25 mg/ml and 13.875 mg/ml after 5 min of exposure. Our findings show a potency of antioxidant and protoscolicidal activities against protoscoleces of <em>E. granulosus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of manganese oxide nanoparticle (MnO2 NPs) and Pseudomonas putida for the management of wilt disease complex of carrot","authors":"Zaki A. Siddiqui,&nbsp;Manzoor R. Khan,&nbsp;Sumaiya Aziz,&nbsp;Aqib","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wilt disease complex of carrot is caused by <span><em>Ralstonia</em><em> solancearum</em></span> and <span><em>Meloidogyne incognita</em></span> and is responsible for considerable yield loss. Manganese oxide nanoparticle (MnO₂ NPs) and <span><em>Pseudomonas putida</em></span> were used alone and in combination for the management of wilt disease complex. <em>In vitro</em>, MnO₂ NPs 0.10 g.L^-l caused 49.36% reduction in hatching and 14.23% mortality of second stage juveniles (J₂) of <em>M. incognita</em> while paper disc dipped in MnO₂<span> NPs suspension caused 0.51 mm inhibition zone around </span><em>R. solanacearum</em><span> in nutrient agar medium. Inoculation of </span><em>P. putida</em> to plants with pathogens caused a similar increase in plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as caused by foliar spray with 0.10 g.L⁻¹ MnO₂ NPs. Use of <em>P. putida</em> with NPs foliar spray to plants with pathogens caused a greater increase in plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents than with <em>P. putida</em> or NPs foliar spray. Inoculation of <em>M. incognita</em>/<em>R. solanacearum</em>/<em>M. incognita</em> plus <em>R. solanacearum/P. putida/</em>MnO₂ NPs and MnO₂ NPs plus <em>P. putida</em> caused increase in proline contents. Root colonization by <em>P. putida</em> was reduced in plants with test pathogens. Foliar application of MnO₂ NPs and <em>P. putida</em> reduce wilt disease indices. Galling and populations of <em>M. incognita</em> was also reduced in plants co-inoculated with <em>R. solanacearum</em>. The greatest reduction in nematode populations and galling was observed in plants with NPs spray together with <em>P. putida</em>. Principal component analysis demonstrated a clear influence of NPS and <em>P. putida</em> and their combination on various studied parameters in diseased plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model of pregnancy-associated malaria for inducing adverse pregnancy outcomes in ICR mouse","authors":"Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Liang ,&nbsp;Haoyu Xing ,&nbsp;Chuyi Yu ,&nbsp;Jianming Liang ,&nbsp;Qin Xu ,&nbsp;Jianping Song ,&nbsp;Zhouqing He","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Based on understanding of placental pathological features and safe medication in pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM), establishment of a stable pregnant mouse infection model with <em>Plasmodium</em> was urgently needed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>ICR mice with vaginal plugs detected were randomly divided into post-pregnancy infection (Malaria</span>⁺) and uninfected pregnancy (Malaria⁻) cohorts. Age-matched mice that had not been mated were infected as pre-pregnancy infection group (Virgin control), which were subsequently mated with ICR males. All mice were inoculated with 1 × 10⁶ <span><em>Plasmodium berghei</em></span> ANKA-infected RBCs by intraperitoneal injection, and the same amount of saline was given to Malaria⁻ group. We recorded the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the amounts of offspring in each group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Virgin group mice were unable to conceive normally, and vaginal bleeding, abortion, or stillbirth appeared in the Malaria⁺ group. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was extremely high and statistically significant compared with the control (Malaria⁻) group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), of which placenta exhibited pathological features associated with human gestational malaria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 10⁶ <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA-infected RBCs could establish a model of pregnancy-associated malaria in ICR mouse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antileishmanial activity of thioridazine on amphotericin B unresponsive/ sensitive Leishmania donovani promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes","authors":"Vikash Kumar, Shobha Kumari, Ravi Ranjan, Ashish Kumar, Dayakar Alti","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108688","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent increase in the drug (liposomal amphotericin-B) unresponsive cases becomes hostile for the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination target. The quest for new antileishmanial drugs is on the way and may demand more time. Meanwhile, drug repurposing is a quite promising option to explore further. We made such an attempt with thioridazine (TRZ), a first-line antipsychotic drug, which was reported for antimicrobial activity. In this study, we evaluated the drug activity of TRZ against amphotericin-B (Amp-B) sensitive and unresponsive <em>Leishmania donovani</em> promastigotes, as well as intracellular amastigotes (drug sensitive). We observed a potent antileishmanial activity of TRZ with significantly low half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) on both the variants of promastigotes (0.61 ± 0.15 μM). These concentrations are comparable to the previously reported IC₅₀ concentration of the current antileishmanial drug (Amp-B) against <em>L. donovani</em>. Light microscopy reveals the perturbations in promastigote morphology upon TRZ treatment. The <em>in vitro</em> studies on human macrophage cell lines determine the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC₅₀) of TRZ on host cells as 20.046 μM and a half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) as 0.91 μM during <em>L. donovani</em> infection, in turn selectivity index (SI) was calculated as 22.03 μM. Altogether, the results demonstrate that TRZ has the potential for drug repurposing and further studies on animal models could provide better insights for VL treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antileishmanial activity of thioridazine on amphotericin B unresponsive/ sensitive Leishmania donovani promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes","authors":"Vikash Kumar ,&nbsp;Shobha Kumari ,&nbsp;Ravi Ranjan ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar ,&nbsp;Dayakar Alti","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The recent increase in the drug (liposomal amphotericin-B) unresponsive cases becomes hostile for the visceral leishmaniasis<span><span> (VL) elimination target. The quest for new antileishmanial drugs is on the way and may demand more time. Meanwhile, drug repurposing is a quite promising option to explore further. We made such an attempt with thioridazine (TRZ), a first-line antipsychotic drug, which was reported for </span>antimicrobial activity. In this study, we evaluated the drug activity of TRZ against amphotericin-B (Amp-B) sensitive and unresponsive </span></span><span><em>Leishmania donovani</em></span><span><span> promastigotes, as well as intracellular </span>amastigotes (drug sensitive). We observed a potent antileishmanial activity of TRZ with significantly low half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC</span>₅₀) on both the variants of promastigotes (0.61 ± 0.15 μM). These concentrations are comparable to the previously reported IC₅₀ concentration of the current antileishmanial drug (Amp-B) against <em>L. donovani</em><span>. Light microscopy reveals the perturbations in promastigote morphology upon TRZ treatment. The </span><em>in vitro</em><span> studies on human macrophage cell lines determine the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC</span>₅₀) of TRZ on host cells as 20.046 μM and a half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) as 0.91 μM during <em>L. donovani</em><span> infection, in turn selectivity index (SI) was calculated as 22.03 μM. Altogether, the results demonstrate that TRZ has the potential for drug repurposing and further studies on animal models could provide better insights for VL treatment.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermal microdialysis: A method to determine drug levels in the skin of patients with Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)","authors":"Gert-Jan Wijnant ,&nbsp;Srija Moulik ,&nbsp;Kingshuk Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Nilay K. Das ,&nbsp;Raúl de la Flor ,&nbsp;Katrien Van Bocxlaer ,&nbsp;Simon L. Croft ,&nbsp;Mitali Chatterjee","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>Post-kala-azar-dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is an infectious skin disease that occurs as sequela of </span>visceral leishmaniasis<span> (VL) and causes cutaneous lesions on the face and other exposed body parts. While the first-line drug miltefosine is typically used for 28 days to treat VL, 12 weeks of therapy is required for PKDL, highlighting the need to evaluate the extent of drug penetration at the dermal site of infection. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the use of a minimally invasive sampling technique called microdialysis to measure dermal drug exposure in a PKDL patient, providing a tool for the optimization of treatment regimens.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><p>One PKDL patient receiving treatment with miltefosine (50 mg twice daily for 12 weeks) was recruited to this proof-of-concept study and consented to undergo dermal microdialysis. Briefly, a μDialysis Linear Catheter 66 for skin and muscle, a probe with a semi-permeable membrane, was inserted in the dermis. A perfusate (a drug-free physiological solution) was pumped through the probe at a low flow rate, allowing miltefosine present in the dermis to cross the membrane and be collected in the dialysates over time. Protein-free (dialysates) and total (blood and skin biopsies) drug concentrations were analysed using LC-MS/MS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>and conclusions: Using microdialysis, protein-free miltefosine drug concentrations could be detected in the infected dermis over time (Cmax ≈ 450 ng/ml). This clinical proof-of-concept study thus illustrates the potential of dermal microdialysis as a minimally invasive alternative to invasive skin biopsies to quantify drug concentrations directly at the pharmacological site of action in PKDL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a single-dose albendazole against lancet liver fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum and liver enzymes activity in naturally infected sheep","authors":"Alžbeta Königová ,&nbsp;Ľudmila Burcáková ,&nbsp;Michal Babják ,&nbsp;Michaela Urda Dolinská ,&nbsp;Zuzana Kostecká ,&nbsp;Jana Šimková ,&nbsp;Jozef Kremeň ,&nbsp;Tetiana A. Kuzmina ,&nbsp;Marián Várady","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infections with D. dendriticum are distributed worldwide and mostly associated with ruminant livestock. Depending on the length and strength of the infection it can be manifested with losses in milk production, reductions in milk and wool quality, decreased weight gains, reproductive performance and poor carcass quality. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) against the lancet liver fluke <em>Dicrocoelium dendriticum</em> in naturally infected sheep using parasitological methods. Twenty-four sheep were divided into four groups: two untreated control groups (C₁, C₂) and two treated groups (T₁, T₂), with six animals in each group. The sheep in the treated groups were administered a single oral dose (15 mg/kg bwt) of ABZ suspension. After ABZ treatment the animals were slaughtered on Day 14 (groups C₁, T₁) and Day 30 (groups C₂, T₂) and were necropsied. Coprological therapeutic ABZ efficacy reached 92.4% on Day 14 (P &lt; 0.001) and 88.5% on Day 30 (P &lt; 0.001). On Day 30, the serum activities of hepatic and cholestatic enzymes including serological analysis of total protein concentration (TP) and protein fractions were evaluated. Significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P &lt; 0.01) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (P &lt; 0.05) activity by 36.9% and 34.6%, respectively, were detected for sheep in T₂ group. These enzymes showed a strong positive correlation to fluke burden: AST (r = 0.654) and GGT (r = 0.768), respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the electrophoretic analysis of serum total protein and protein fraction concentrations revealed minimal hypoproteinemia and hyperalbuminemia after ABZ treatment. The decrease of liver enzyme activities and their correlation with fluke burden may indicate recovery of hepatocellular and biliary damage following the reduction of fluke burdens after ABZ therapy. A decline in AST and GGT activity could serve as a valuable adjunct bioindicator of liver damage and fluke reduction after treatment of dicrocoeliosis in naturally infected sheep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489423001972/pdfft?md5=8b654d438d36aac2ba7765e70db5e500&pid=1-s2.0-S0014489423001972-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-PVP improves the in vitro efficacy of ivermectin against resistant and susceptible Haemonchus contortus","authors":"Lisandro Alberto Encalada-Mena ,&nbsp;Raquel López-Arellano ,&nbsp;María Eugenia López-Arellano ,&nbsp;María Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo ,&nbsp;Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro ,&nbsp;Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ,&nbsp;Adrián Lifschitz ,&nbsp;Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Ivermectin (IVM) resistance in parasitic nematodes such as </span><span><em>Haemonchus contortus</em></span> has spurred a search for substances that help to recover its efficacy. One potential agent is the natural product curcumin (CUR). In this study, CUR was combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (CUR/PVP) to improve its solubility and biological applicability. This study determined the effect of CUR preincubation on the effective concentration 50% (EC₅₀) of IVM in three <em>H. contortus</em> isolates with different susceptibilities to IVM. The IVM EC₅₀ was determined for three <em>H. contortus</em> isolates with different IVM susceptibilities using the larval migration inhibition (LMI) test. The three isolates were (i) PARAISO (IVM resistant), (ii) FMVZ-UADY (IVM susceptible), and (iii) CENID-SAI INIFAP (reference IVM susceptible). The L₃ of each isolate were preincubated for 3 h with one of three concentrations of CUR (μg curcumin/mL): CONC-1 (3.67), CONC-2 (5.67), or CONC-3 (8.48). Corresponding controls were performed without CUR. The EC₅₀ of IVM was determined for each isolate after they were exposed to the different CUR concentrations. The EC₅₀ of IVM differed between the isolates PARAISO &gt; FMVZ-UADY &gt; CENID-SAI INIFAP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The CUR preincubation at CONC-1 did not decrease the EC₅₀ of IVM for any of the three isolates, suggesting a hormetic effect. By contrast, CUR preincubation at CONC-2 or CONC-3 decreased the IVM EC₅₀ for the PARAISO isolate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared with the reference isolate and reduced the EC₅₀ of IVM for the FMVZ-UADY and CENID-SAI INIFAP isolates below the EC₅₀ for the CENID-SAI INIFAP isolate without CUR preincubation. In conclusion, preincubation of <em>H. contortus</em> L₃ with CUR reduced the EC₅₀<span> of IVM for field isolates classified as resistant and susceptible to IVM. The CUR preincubation reduced the IVM resistance factor in the different isolates tested.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138567771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}