Experimental parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Moxidectin versus Ivermectin in the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic experimental trichinellosis","authors":"Dalia A. Elmehy ,&nbsp;Ghada A. Gamea ,&nbsp;Dina M. El-Guindy ,&nbsp;Dina M. Tahoon ,&nbsp;Reem A. Elkholy ,&nbsp;Hager S. Zoghroban","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The limited activity of the traditional medications against <em>T. spiralis</em> encysted larvae handicaps complete cure of trichinellosis till now due to decreased permeability and absorption through tissues. MOX is listed worldwide for prevention and treatment of several internal and external nematodes. Consequently, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of moxidectin versus ivermectin on experimental acute and chronic trichinellosis and to illuminate the potential mechanisms of their effects. 105 Mice were divided into four groups; Group I: Uninfected healthy control; Group II: Infected untreated control; Group III: Infected and treated with IVM and Group IV: Infected and treated with MOX. The groups (II, III and IV) were later subdivided equally into three subgroups (a, b, and c) according to the stage of treatment. Parasitological counting of adults and larvae besides immune-histopathological examination of intestines and muscles were done. Results exhibited that both IVM and MOX succeeded in reducing adults and larvae counts with higher potential of MOX in both intestinal and muscle phase. The preeminence of MOX was indicated by decreased inflammation, a significant reduction in the microvascular density (CD31 immunostaining) as well as a reduction in the percentage of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) immunostaining in muscle tissues. Accordingly, the current work recommends moxidectin as an innovative treatment for trichinellosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cattle and horse feces storage methods on Nematode egg viability and sensitivity for egg hatch test","authors":"Mariana Green de Freitas,&nbsp;Dyego Gonçalves Lino Borges,&nbsp;Mário Henrique Conde,&nbsp;Matheus Takemi Muchon Nakatani,&nbsp;Juliane Francielle Tutija,&nbsp;Giulia Ornellas Fuzaro Scaléa,&nbsp;Guilherme Henrique Reckziegel,&nbsp;Fernando de Almeida Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present study was to validate methods of stool sample conservation for the egg hatch test (EHT). This study involved the use of a bovine naturally infected predominantly by <em>Cooperia</em> spp. and one equine naturally infected predominantly by cyathostomins characterized as susceptible to benzimidazoles in the EHT. Fecal samples were submitted to three treatments: aerobic methods (anaerobic storage in plastic bottles, anaerobic storage in vacuum-sealed bags or aerobic storage in plastic bags), under two temperature conditions (room temperature and refrigeration) analyzed at four different assessment times (48, 72, 96 and 120 h). As the standard test, an assay was also performed within 3 h. The tests were performed in triplicate for each drug concentration and with three experimental repetitions at one-week intervals. Two criteria were used for the storage methods: hatchability in the negative control group and sensitivity of the eggs to thiabendazole, comparing the EC50 and 95% confidence interval for each treatment to those of the standard test and the other repetitions. Bovine samples can be stored for up to 96 h and refrigerated vacuum storage can be used, ensuring hatchability of the negative control and sensitivity of the eggs to thiabendazole. For equine samples, no forms of storage were indicated due to the variation among the repetitions and the reduction in the sensitivity of the eggs to thiabendazole, which could result in a false positive detection of resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of specific immunodominant antigens in different stages of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. and Hammondia spp.","authors":"A. Dellarupe ,&nbsp;G. Moré ,&nbsp;J.M. Unzaga ,&nbsp;L. Pardini ,&nbsp;M.C. Venturini","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andrographolide induced cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest in Giardia trophozoites","authors":"Tapas Haldar ,&nbsp;Sanjib K. Sardar ,&nbsp;Ajanta Ghosal ,&nbsp;Akash Prasad ,&nbsp;Yumiko Saito Nakano ,&nbsp;Shanta Dutta ,&nbsp;Tomoyoshi Nozaki ,&nbsp;Sandipan Ganguly","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Giardiasis is a prevalent parasitic diarrheal disease caused by <em>Giardia lamblia</em>, affecting people worldwide. Recently, the availability of several drugs for its treatment has highlighted issues such as multidrug resistance, limited effectiveness and undesirable side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative new drugs and treatment strategies that can enhance therapeutic outcomes and effectively treat giardiasis. Natural compounds show promise in the search for more potent anti-giardial agents. Our investigation focused on the effect of Andrographolide (ADG), an active compound of the <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> plant, on <em>Giardia lamblia</em>, assessing trophozoite growth, morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and inhibition of gene expression associated with pathogenic factors. ADG demonstrated anti-<em>Giardia</em> activity almost equivalent to the reference drug metronidazole, with an IC₅₀ value of 4.99 μM after 24 h of incubation. In cytotoxicity assessments and morphological examinations, it showed significant alterations in trophozoite shape and size and effectively hindered the adhesion of trophozoites. It also caused excessive ROS generation, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and inhibited the gene expression related to pathogenesis. Our findings have revealed the anti-giardial efficacy of ADG, suggesting its potential as an agent against <em>Giardia</em> infections. This could offer a natural and low-risk treatment option for giardiasis, reducing the risk of side effects and drug resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copaifera spp. oleoresins and two isolated compounds (ent-kaurenoic and ent-polyalthic acid) inhibit Toxoplasma gondii growth in vitro","authors":"Samuel Cota Teixeira ,&nbsp;Guilherme de Souza ,&nbsp;Joed Pires de Lima Junior ,&nbsp;Alessandra Monteiro Rosini ,&nbsp;Aryani Felixa Fajardo Martínez ,&nbsp;Thales Alves de Melo Fernandes ,&nbsp;Sergio Ricardo Ambrósio ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani ,&nbsp;Jairo Kenupp Bastos ,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins ,&nbsp;Bellisa Freitas Barbosa ,&nbsp;Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasmosis affects about one-third of the world's population. The disease treatment methods pose several side effects and do not efficiently eliminate the parasite, making the search for new therapeutic approaches necessary. We aimed to assess the anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> activity of four <em>Copaifera</em> oleoresins (ORs) and two isolated diterpene acids, named <em>ent</em>-kaurenoic and <em>ent</em>-polyalthic acid. We used HeLa cells as an experimental model of toxoplasmosis. Uninfected and infected HeLa cells were submitted to the treatments, and the parasite intracellular proliferation, cytokine levels and ROS production were measured. Also, tachyzoites were pre-treated and the parasite invasion was determined. Finally, an <em>in silico</em> analysis was performed to identify potential parasite targets. Our data show that the non-cytotoxic concentrations of ORs and diterpene acids controlled the invasion and proliferation of <em>T. gondii</em> in HeLa cells, thus highlighting the possible direct action on parasites. In addition, some compounds tested controlled parasite proliferation in an irreversible manner. An additional and non-exclusive mechanism of action involves the modulation of host cell components, by affecting the upregulation of the IL-6. Additionally, molecular docking suggested that <em>ent</em>-polyalthic acid has a high affinity for the active site of the TgCDPK1 protein. <em>Copaifera</em> ORs have great antiparasitic activity against <em>T. gondii</em>, and this effect can be partially explained by the presence of the isolated compounds <em>ent</em>-kaurenoic and <em>ent</em>-polyalthic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Correlations between the degree of infection by wild strain of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and porcine hematological parameters” [Experiment. Parasitol. 261, June 2024, 108754]","authors":"Carlos Vinicius Barros Oliveira ,&nbsp;Maria Elenilda Paulino da Silva ,&nbsp;Jailson Renato de Lima Silva ,&nbsp;Amanda Maria Tavares Moreira ,&nbsp;Maria Jéssica Mendes Brito ,&nbsp;Cicera Alane Coelho Gonçalves ,&nbsp;João Eudes Lemos de Barros ,&nbsp;Romario Matheus Conceição de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jean Paul Kamdem ,&nbsp;Luiz Marivando Barros ,&nbsp;Antonia Eliene Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489424000730/pdfft?md5=ab7c984d822a40cb083c7db8a59b5f39&pid=1-s2.0-S0014489424000730-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel polymorphisms in the octopamine receptor gene of amitraz resistant population of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, in south India","authors":"Nikhat Reena Shaik ,&nbsp;Bindu Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;N. Suresh Nair ,&nbsp;Amrutha Anand ,&nbsp;R. Radhika ,&nbsp;K. Syamala","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The brown dog tick or <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato</em> is an ixodid tick, responsible for the dissemination of pathogens that cause canine infectious diseases besides inflicting the direct effects of tick bite. The hot humid climate of Kerala, a south Indian state, is favorable for propagation of tick vectors and acaricides are the main stay of tick control. Though the resistance against synthetic pyrethroids is reported among these species, the status of amitraz resistance in <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> in the country is uncertain due to the lack of molecular characterisation data and scarce literature reports. Hence the present study was focused on the phenotypic detection and preliminary genotypic characterisation of amitraz resistance in the <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> A modified larval packet test (LPT) on a susceptible isolate was performed to determine the discriminating dose (DD). Further LPT-DD on 35 tick isolates was carried out to detect amitraz resistance robustly, along with that full dose response bioassays on the resistant isolates were performed. The results indicated that amitraz resistance is prevalent with 49 per cent of the samples being resistant. Amplification of exon 3 of octopamine receptor gene from both the susceptible and resistant larval isolates was carried out. Amplicons of ten pooled amitraz susceptible and ten pooled amitraz resistant representative samples were sequenced and analysed, unveiling a total of three novel non-synonymous mutations in the partial coding region at positions V32A, N41D and V58I in phenotypically resistant larval DNA samples. <em>In silico</em> analysis by homology modelling and molecular docking of the mutated and unmutated receptors showed that these mutations had reduced the binding affinity to amitraz. However, lack of mutations in the octopamine receptor gene in three of the pooled low order resistant <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> larval samples could be suggestive of other mechanisms associated with amitraz resistance in the region. Hence, further association studies should be carried out to confirm the association of these mutations with target insensitivity in <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> ticks, along with exploring the status of metabolic resistance and other mechanisms of resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 108763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgements to 2023 Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0014-4894(24)00062-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-4894(24)00062-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489424000626/pdfft?md5=98dae1697b9daa7f8614851a81b5daf0&pid=1-s2.0-S0014489424000626-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods for the Study of Exosome Cargo within Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati Excretory Secretory (TES) Products","authors":"Timothy K. Wu,&nbsp;Janice L. Liotta,&nbsp;Dwight D. Bowman","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxocara</em> is a genus of nematodes, which infects a variety of hosts, principally dogs and cats, with potential zoonotic risks to humans. <em>Toxocara</em> spp. larvae are capable of migrating throughout the host tissues, eliciting eosinophilic and granulomatous reactions, while surviving for extended periods of time, unchanged, in the host. It is postulated that larvae are capable of altering the host’s immune response through the release of excretory-secretory products, containing both proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The study of EVs has increased exponentially in recent years, largely due to their potential use as a diagnostic tool, and in molecular therapy. To this end, there have been multiple isolation methods described for the study of EVs. Here, we use nanoparticle tracking to compare the yield, size distribution, and % labelling of EV samples acquired through various reported methods, from larval cultures of <em>Toxocara canis</em> and <em>T. cati</em> containing <em>Toxocara</em> excretory-secretory products (TES). The methods tested include ultracentrifugation, polymer precipitation, magnetic immunoprecipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and ultrafiltration. Based on these findings, ultrafiltration produces the best results in terms of yield, expected particle size, and % labelling of sample. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of EVs with characteristic cup-shaped morphology. These findings can serve as a guide for those investigating EVs, particularly those released from multicellular organisms, such as helminths, for which few comparative analyses have been performed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 108765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, in silico study, synthesis and evaluation of hybrid pyrazole substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives for antimalarial activity","authors":"Pritom Borgohain ,&nbsp;Anshul Shakya ,&nbsp;Surajit Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Neelutpal Gogoi ,&nbsp;Saurav Jyoti Patgiri ,&nbsp;Ipsita Pal Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Udaya Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Hans Raj Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Malaria is a significant global health challenge, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, necessitating immediate investigation into innovative and efficacious treatments. This work involves the development of pyrazole substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antimalarial agent.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, ten compounds <strong>7</strong>(<strong>a</strong>-<strong>j</strong>) were synthesized by using nucleophilic substitution reaction, screened for <em>in silico</em> study and their antimalarial activity were evaluated against 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strain of <em>P. falciparum</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Key finding</h3><p>The present work involves the development of hybrid trimethoxy pyrazole 1,3,5-triazine derivatives <strong>7 (a</strong>–<strong>j)</strong>. Through <em>in silico</em> analysis, four compounds were identified with favorable binding energy and dock scores. The primary focus of the docking investigations was on the examination of hydrogen bonding and the associated interactions with certain amino acid residues, including Arg A122, Ser A108, Ser A111, Ile A164, Asp A54, and Cys A15. The IC₅₀ values of the four compounds were measured <em>in vitro</em> to assess their antimalarial activity against the chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain of <em>P. falciparum</em>. The IC₅₀ values varied from 25.02 to 54.82 μg/mL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among the ten derivatives, compound <strong>7J</strong> has considerable potential as an antimalarial agent, making it a viable contender for further refinement in the realm of pharmaceutical exploration, with the aim of mitigating the global malaria load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 108767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}