Experimental parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular diagnosis of tropical theileriosis: Development and validation of species-specific qPCR assays in Pakistan","authors":"Ayesha Malik ,&nbsp;Kiran Afshan ,&nbsp;Min-Kuang Lee ,&nbsp;Abdul Razzaq ,&nbsp;Munib Hussain ,&nbsp;Sabika Firasat ,&nbsp;Muhammad Morshed","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Theileria</em> spp. are economically important tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasites that threaten livestock health and productivity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we developed and validated a qPCR-based diagnostic panel for the sensitive and specific detection of <em>Theileria</em> infections in ruminants from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The panel included a broad-range Pan-<em>Theileria</em> assay as well as four species-specific assays for <em>Theileria annulata</em>, <em>T. parva</em>, <em>T. lestoquardi</em>, and <em>T. ovis</em>, the main species infecting domestic ruminants in the region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1026 tick-infested animals were examined, including sheep (n = 514), goats (n = 462), and cattle (n = 50). Blood was collected from symptomatic animals, and 51 microscopically confirmed <em>Theileria</em>-positive samples were selected for further analysis. DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method for clinical validation. Primers and hydrolysis probes were designed to target the hypervariable V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene, allowing high-resolution species identification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analytical validation using synthetic gBlock™ gene fragments showed strong assay performance, with excellent linearity (R² = 0.982–0.9965), high PCR efficiency (86.2 %–105.2 %), and detection limits of 10–100 copies per reaction. Reproducibility was confirmed with coefficients of variation ≤5 %. The Pan-<em>Theileria</em> assay detected 47 positives. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed these results and additionally identified three cases of <em>T. orientalis</em>, two of which were also detected by qPCR. One sample tested positive for <em>T. ovis.</em> Overall, the assay achieved 100 % clinical sensitivity and specificity within this validation set, though larger multi-site field evaluations are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first comprehensive qPCR-based diagnostic platform for simultaneous detection and speciation of <em>Theileria</em> spp. in Pakistan. The tool provides a powerful approach for large-scale surveillance, timely diagnosis, and improved control of tropical theileriosis in endemic areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 109033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of acetic acid at 6% (table vinegar) on inhibiting Fasciola hepatica metacercariae\".","authors":"María Victoria Solana, Pizzarello Gimena, Galante Martina, Solana Hugo","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica, and poses significant public health and economic challenges, particularly in regions where livestock farming is predominant. This study evaluates the effect of table vinegar on F. hepatica metacercariae viability and infectivity through an innovative In vitro excystment assay, in order to test the effectiveness of common household sanitization practices. Metacercariae were exposed to different concentrations of vinegar solutions at varying durations, and viability and excystment capacity were subsequently assessed, simulating gastrointestinal conditions. Both vinegar concentration and exposure time significantly influenced excystment rates, with higher vinegar concentrations resulting in decreased metacercariae viability, however, conditions equivalent to commonly promoted household practices were found to be inefficient at eliminating infection risk. This is the first study to employ an in vitro excystment assay to evaluate the infectivity of F. hepatica metacercariae after exposure to vinegar. Our findings highlight that typical household practices, such as briefly soaking vegetables in diluted vinegar, are inadequate for effectively eliminating parasite viability and thus could favor infection, affecting public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"109031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical characterization and insight into the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia Wall ex Dc. against the different life stages of the gastrointestinal nematode of sheep","authors":"Shabbir Hussain ,&nbsp;Aqleemul Islam ,&nbsp;Zeenat Islam ,&nbsp;Fayaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Kamal Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Suman Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major constraint to the production of small ruminants worldwide, causing significant losses in growth, productivity, and overall health. Clinical infections may linked to anaemia, diarrhoea, anorexia, oedema, and even mortality, whereas subclinical infections result in hidden production losses. Synthetic drugs are the primary means of control; however, their indiscriminate use has led to the emergence of parasite strains resistant to multiple classes of anthelmintics, this has created strong need for sustainable alternatives. Ethnomedicinal plants have emerged as promising alternative, with <em>Artemisia brevifolia</em> Wall ex Dc. is used as an anthelmintic remedy in small ruminants. The current study aimed to appraise the phytochemical characterization and <em>in vitro</em> anthelmintic activity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of <em>A. brevifolia.</em> CEE exhibited higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than CAE, with FTIR showing more distinct absorption peaks. HPLC-UV confirmed the presence of key phenolics (gallic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and kaempferol), while LC-MS identified 33 compounds. Anthelmintic activity, assessed through egg hatch test (EHT), larval motility test (LMT), and adult worm motility inhibition assay (AWMIA), revealed that CEE exhibited 87.5 % egg hatch inhibition at 50 mg/mL and complete (100 %) adult worm motility inhibition after 8h post exposure (PE) at 25 mg/mL, while CAE showed 82.7 % and 63.3 % inhibition, respectively. Both extract exhibit dose dependent larvicidal activity. The findings of the present study divulged the remarkable phytochemical characterization and anthelmintic properties of <em>A. brevifolia</em>, and it could be a promising anthelmintic agent in veterinary medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro anthelmintic activity and phytochemistry of Salvia sclarea extracts against Haemonchus contortus","authors":"Zeenat Islam ,&nbsp;Aqleemul Islam ,&nbsp;Khurshid Ahmad Tariq ,&nbsp;Jasmeena Syed ,&nbsp;Shabbir Hussain ,&nbsp;Fayaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Haemonchus contortus</em> –the barber's pole worm poses a critical threat to ruminant health and productivity worldwide. This is due to its high host pathogenicity and poor susceptibility to chemical anthelmintics. To address this threat, sustainable and natural solutions are needed to control its infections. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of <em>Salvia sclarea</em> extracts against <em>H. contortus</em> in comparison to reference drug – the Albendazole. The extracts were obtained in ethyl acetate, ethanol, and petroleum ether, analyzed phytochemically and subjected to <em>in-vitro</em> testing at different concentrations using the Adult Motility Inhibition Assay (AMIA) and Egg Hatch Inhibition Assay (EHIA). The most effective extract was ethyl acetate in terms of its 100 % worm mortality at all tested concentrations 6 h post treatment and 87.38 % inhibition of egg hatching at 2 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the greatest potency, with an LC₅₀ of 0.22 mg/mL, compared to ethanol (LC₅₀ = 0.55 mg/mL) and petroleum ether (LC₅₀ = 3.66 mg/mL), confirming its superior ovicidal efficacy against <em>H. contortus.</em> Terpenoids, coumarins, and phenolics were the main bioactive agents present in the extract. Using complementary GC-MS profiling, prominent anti-parasitic components including Sclareol and Geranylgeraniol were identified. These findings demonstrate potential of <em>S. sclarea</em> as a natural substitute for synthetic anthelmintics; however, <em>in vivo</em> studies are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of the bio-active constituents of <em>S. sclarea</em> against the target parasite in host animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current challenges and future prospects in patients with recurrent cystic echinococcosis; an updated mini review","authors":"Nayer Mehdizad Bakhtiar ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei ,&nbsp;Ehsan Ahmadpour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Kohansal ,&nbsp;Adel Spotin","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recurrent cystic echinococcosis (RCE) occurs by the spillage of live protoscoleces during unsuccessful surgery or spontaneous rupturing of fertile hydatid cyst<em>.</em> Currently, RCE presents a significant concern within surgical community. Managing RCE cases is challenging due to limitations in diagnostic follow-up, therapeutic pitfalls, emerging drug resistance, and innate immunological responses between host-parasite cross-talk. Recent advances suggest that parasite-derived microRNAs hold promise as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of RCE. Additionally, combining benzimidazoles (parasito-static) with praziquantel (parasiticidal) in nano-formulation derivatives has demonstrated potential pharmacokinetic synergism, highlighting the need for personalized treatment plans. Optimizing surgical methods and ensuring regular chemotherapy following both conservative and radical surgeries are crucial for minimizing RCE. Furthermore, identifying β-tubulin codons in albendazole-resistant hydatid cyst and the role of toll-like receptor polymorphisms are critical for developing targeted therapies. The insights presented here aim to support specialists in developing effective interventions and preventive measures to reduce and improve patient outcomes in.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the diagnostic utility of recombinant low molecular weight cystic fluid proteins, Ag2 and Ag2V1, for serosurveillance of porcine cysticercosis","authors":"Pinaki Prasad Sengupta,&nbsp;Siju Susan Jacob,&nbsp;Samer Shamshad,&nbsp;S. Sudhagar,&nbsp;A.G.S. Chandu,&nbsp;S.S. Patil,&nbsp;S Madhaba Maharana","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine cysticercosis caused by the metacestode stage of <em>Taenia solium</em> is an economically challenging disease having public health importance. Being one of the neglected tropical diseases, surveillance of porcine cysticercosis is essentially warranted in endemic countries to detect the transmission foci of infection to humans. Keeping this as background, in the present study, the genes encoding for two cystic fluid antigens (Ag2 and Ag2V1) of metacestode of <em>T.solium</em> were amplified, ligated into cloning vector, transformed into <em>E.coli</em> Top 10 cells and sequenced. After analysis and confirmation of nucleotide sequence of Ag2 and Ag2V1 genes, the purified and restriction enzyme digested PCR products were cloned. The confirmed positive clones were induced for expression of recombinant proteins and the proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The hyperimmune sera raised against native antigens of metacestode of <em>T.solium</em> were employed to characterize the purified recombinant proteins by Western blotting. After confirming the recombinant proteins, indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbent assays (iELISA) using recombinant Ag2 and Ag2V1 antigens were standardized. The iELISA employing recombinant Ag2 and Ag2V1 antigens revealed sensitivity of 98.1 % and 93.4 % and specificity of 91.2 % and 97.5 %, respectively. The weighted Cohen's kappa was calculated as 0.89 (95 % CI 0.804 to 0.975) for Ag2 and 0.857 (95 % CI 0.755 to 0.959) for Ag2V1. The assays developed in the present study can be employed for the surveillance of porcine cysticercosis to help in clean pork production. However, further studies involving larger sample sizes, particularly from scavenging pigs, are warranted to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and testing of different infused attractive sugar baits (ASBs) in sodium alginate against laboratory strain Aedes aegypti","authors":"Ranjitha Sambanthan ,&nbsp;Nur Faeza Abu Kassim ,&nbsp;Sara A. Abuelmaali ,&nbsp;Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil ,&nbsp;Sumiyyah Sabar ,&nbsp;Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi ,&nbsp;Wan Rosli Wan Ishak ,&nbsp;Cameron E. Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugar-feeding is essential to mosquitoes with both sexes that often interacting with flowering plants to acquire sugar. Alginate Sugar Baits are made up of sodium alginate (ALG) which is a safe, natural, and biodegradable polymer. The Alginate Sugar Baits are infused with sugar variants making them Attractive Sugar Baits (ASBs) as a means of providing long-term efficacy to enhance mosquito attraction. However, fundamental gaps in understanding the characteristics of ASBs and the attraction of mosquitoes towards it limits the efficacy of utilizing such bait technology. Testing of non-choice and choice assay of different group of ASBs towards <em>Aedes aegypti</em> to demonstrate the effectiveness of ASBs as a potential baiting tool was performed using 30 % v/v of mango, 25 % v/v of <em>Chrysanthemum</em>, 30 % v/v of mix and sucrose ASBs. These formulations assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy (UV–VIS–NIR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results indicated that the 30 % mango ASB achieved the highest mosquito attraction, with a mean attraction of (34.17 ± 7.94), optimal reflectance (8 %) and absorbance (3.1 units). These ASBs are recommended as highly promising candidates as an alternative for repellent insecticides, serving as baiting tools for mosquito attraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-sitosterol: A novel molluscicidal agent from Liagora farinosa against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with computational insights into its interaction with the retinoid X Receptor","authors":"Heba Abdel-Tawab ,&nbsp;Shrouk E. Al-Sayed ,&nbsp;Khaled N.M. Elsayed ,&nbsp;Chuanyi Wang ,&nbsp;Ebtesam Al-olayan ,&nbsp;Enas I.A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Amina M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Almahy M. El-Mallah","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease that presents significant public health concerns, occurring in both acute and chronic forms. In Egypt, the freshwater snail <em>Biomphalaria alexandrina</em> is the intermediate host of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em>. This study evaluated the molluscicidal potential of β-sitosterol, isolated from the marine red alga <em>Liagora farinosa</em>, along with its methanolic extract, against <em>B. alexandrina</em>. Bioassay results demonstrated potent molluscicidal activity, with the methanolic extract exhibiting LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 187.5 mg/L and 231.8 mg/L, respectively, and β-sitosterol showing enhanced potency with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 36.1 mg/L and 41.7 mg/L after 48 h of exposure. Sublethal concentrations of β-sitosterol significantly reduced snail survival and reproductive rates. Biochemical analyses revealed a marked decrease in total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating oxidative stress. Histopathological examination of treated snails showed extensive damage in the digestive and hermaphrodite glands, including vacuolation, cellular rupture, and degeneration of reproductive cells. Ultrastructural alterations such as nuclear disintegration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, residual body accumulation, and microvilli loss were also observed. Computational studies suggested retinoid X receptor to be a plausible target for β-sitosterol in its molluscicidal activity. These findings highlight the potential of <em>L. farinosa</em> extracts and β-sitosterol as bioactive agents for <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> intermediate host. However, further research is required to assess their impact on non-target aquatic organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olive oil and linoleic acid as potential acaricidal agents against Psoroptes cuniculi mites","authors":"Montañez-Palma Lilia Francisca ,&nbsp;Hallal-Calleros Claudia ,&nbsp;Castañeda-Ramírez Gloria Sarahí ,&nbsp;Hernández-Núñez Emanuel ,&nbsp;Wong -Villarreal Arnoldo ,&nbsp;Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana ,&nbsp;Flores-Pérez Fernando Iván","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Psoroptes cuniculi</em> mite is an important ectoparasite in rabbit breeding. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a vegetable oil with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, and linoleic acid (LA) also has beneficial properties for health. The activity against <em>P. cuniculi</em> mites of EVOO was evaluated at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 100 %; LA was evaluated at 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mg/mL. The effectiveness was evaluated by the immersion technique using 11 mites and four replicates, and post-treatment mortality was analyzed after 24 and 48 h. Also, the composition of EVOO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; seven compounds were identified, with the major compounds being: 1) oleic acid (47.4 %), 2) glycidol oleate (34.2 %), 3) linoleic acid (7.0 %). Pure EVOO caused a mortality of 74.4 % after 24 h and 100 % after 48 h of treatment. LA caused 94.6 % and 98.4 % of mortality at 24 and 48 h, respectively, at a concentration of 400 mg/mL. Based on the results of the current investigation, EVOO and LA are proposed as potential effective treatments for the control of <em>P. cuniculi</em> mites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treatment of murine model of trichinellosis","authors":"Basma M. Elmansory ,&nbsp;Hager S. Zoghroban ,&nbsp;Dina M. El-Guindy ,&nbsp;Dina A. El-Guindy","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Treatment of trichinellosis is still challenging. Lack of an established effective and safe treatment for trichinellosis, directed attention towards repurposing the already available drugs. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrofurantoin (NF) as compared to albendazole (ABZ) and their combination in treatment of trichinellosis in mice. Mice were divided into five groups; Group I: negative control; Group II: positive control; Groups III, IV and V: infected and treated with ABZ, NF, and combined ALB with NF respectively. They were subdivided into subgroups (a) started treatment on 3rd day postinfection (PI) and were sacrificed on 6th day PI, and subgroups (b) started treatment on 21st day PI and were sacrificed on 35th day PI. Parasitological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, immunological and biochemical studies were done. The results showed that NF was potential effective in treatment of trichinellosis and its combination with ABZ achieved the best results as compared to ABZ alone. This combination significantly reduced adults (66.5 %) and larvae (87.1 %) counts in the intestinal and muscular phases respectively. Also, it significantly decreased the inflammation and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels with mean of 11.6 ± 0.43 and 15.8 ± 0.74 in the early and late stages of trichinellosis respectively. Additionally, it had antiangiogenic effects evidenced by decreasing the microvessel density/HPF with a reduction rate of 91.65 %, antioxidant effects by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) with mean ± SD of 0.73 ± 0.09 and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) with mean ± SD of 156.6 ± 5.2 in addition to its apoptotic effects by decreasing B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) levels with mean ± SD of 0.81 ± 0.08 in the infected muscle cells. Thus, It was concluded that NF could be a promising anti-trichinellosis drug and its combination with ABZ could be an efficient treatment for early and late experimental trichinellosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 109022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}