Experimental parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Novel polymorphisms in the octopamine receptor gene of amitraz resistant population of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, in south India","authors":"Nikhat Reena Shaik ,&nbsp;Bindu Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;N. Suresh Nair ,&nbsp;Amrutha Anand ,&nbsp;R. Radhika ,&nbsp;K. Syamala","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The brown dog tick or <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato</em> is an ixodid tick, responsible for the dissemination of pathogens that cause canine infectious diseases besides inflicting the direct effects of tick bite. The hot humid climate of Kerala, a south Indian state, is favorable for propagation of tick vectors and acaricides are the main stay of tick control. Though the resistance against synthetic pyrethroids is reported among these species, the status of amitraz resistance in <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> in the country is uncertain due to the lack of molecular characterisation data and scarce literature reports. Hence the present study was focused on the phenotypic detection and preliminary genotypic characterisation of amitraz resistance in the <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> A modified larval packet test (LPT) on a susceptible isolate was performed to determine the discriminating dose (DD). Further LPT-DD on 35 tick isolates was carried out to detect amitraz resistance robustly, along with that full dose response bioassays on the resistant isolates were performed. The results indicated that amitraz resistance is prevalent with 49 per cent of the samples being resistant. Amplification of exon 3 of octopamine receptor gene from both the susceptible and resistant larval isolates was carried out. Amplicons of ten pooled amitraz susceptible and ten pooled amitraz resistant representative samples were sequenced and analysed, unveiling a total of three novel non-synonymous mutations in the partial coding region at positions V32A, N41D and V58I in phenotypically resistant larval DNA samples. <em>In silico</em> analysis by homology modelling and molecular docking of the mutated and unmutated receptors showed that these mutations had reduced the binding affinity to amitraz. However, lack of mutations in the octopamine receptor gene in three of the pooled low order resistant <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> larval samples could be suggestive of other mechanisms associated with amitraz resistance in the region. Hence, further association studies should be carried out to confirm the association of these mutations with target insensitivity in <em>R. sanguineus s. l.</em> ticks, along with exploring the status of metabolic resistance and other mechanisms of resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgements to 2023 Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0014-4894(24)00062-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-4894(24)00062-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489424000626/pdfft?md5=98dae1697b9daa7f8614851a81b5daf0&pid=1-s2.0-S0014489424000626-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods for the Study of Exosome Cargo within Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati Excretory Secretory (TES) Products","authors":"Timothy K. Wu,&nbsp;Janice L. Liotta,&nbsp;Dwight D. Bowman","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxocara</em> is a genus of nematodes, which infects a variety of hosts, principally dogs and cats, with potential zoonotic risks to humans. <em>Toxocara</em> spp. larvae are capable of migrating throughout the host tissues, eliciting eosinophilic and granulomatous reactions, while surviving for extended periods of time, unchanged, in the host. It is postulated that larvae are capable of altering the host’s immune response through the release of excretory-secretory products, containing both proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The study of EVs has increased exponentially in recent years, largely due to their potential use as a diagnostic tool, and in molecular therapy. To this end, there have been multiple isolation methods described for the study of EVs. Here, we use nanoparticle tracking to compare the yield, size distribution, and % labelling of EV samples acquired through various reported methods, from larval cultures of <em>Toxocara canis</em> and <em>T. cati</em> containing <em>Toxocara</em> excretory-secretory products (TES). The methods tested include ultracentrifugation, polymer precipitation, magnetic immunoprecipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and ultrafiltration. Based on these findings, ultrafiltration produces the best results in terms of yield, expected particle size, and % labelling of sample. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of EVs with characteristic cup-shaped morphology. These findings can serve as a guide for those investigating EVs, particularly those released from multicellular organisms, such as helminths, for which few comparative analyses have been performed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, in silico study, synthesis and evaluation of hybrid pyrazole substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives for antimalarial activity","authors":"Pritom Borgohain ,&nbsp;Anshul Shakya ,&nbsp;Surajit Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Neelutpal Gogoi ,&nbsp;Saurav Jyoti Patgiri ,&nbsp;Ipsita Pal Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Udaya Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Hans Raj Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Malaria is a significant global health challenge, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, necessitating immediate investigation into innovative and efficacious treatments. This work involves the development of pyrazole substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antimalarial agent.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, ten compounds <strong>7</strong>(<strong>a</strong>-<strong>j</strong>) were synthesized by using nucleophilic substitution reaction, screened for <em>in silico</em> study and their antimalarial activity were evaluated against 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strain of <em>P. falciparum</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Key finding</h3><p>The present work involves the development of hybrid trimethoxy pyrazole 1,3,5-triazine derivatives <strong>7 (a</strong>–<strong>j)</strong>. Through <em>in silico</em> analysis, four compounds were identified with favorable binding energy and dock scores. The primary focus of the docking investigations was on the examination of hydrogen bonding and the associated interactions with certain amino acid residues, including Arg A122, Ser A108, Ser A111, Ile A164, Asp A54, and Cys A15. The IC₅₀ values of the four compounds were measured <em>in vitro</em> to assess their antimalarial activity against the chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain of <em>P. falciparum</em>. The IC₅₀ values varied from 25.02 to 54.82 μg/mL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among the ten derivatives, compound <strong>7J</strong> has considerable potential as an antimalarial agent, making it a viable contender for further refinement in the realm of pharmaceutical exploration, with the aim of mitigating the global malaria load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic efficacy of an organic fraction from Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and evaluation of reactive oxidative stress on Haemonchus contortus","authors":"Guillermo Reséndiz-González ,&nbsp;Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ,&nbsp;Roberto González-Garduño ,&nbsp;Jorge Alberto Cortes-Morales ,&nbsp;Manasés González-Cortazar ,&nbsp;Ana Elvia Sánchez-Mendoza ,&nbsp;María Eugenia López-Arellano ,&nbsp;Crisóforo Mercado-Márquez ,&nbsp;Alejandro Lara-Bueno ,&nbsp;Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study describes the anthelmintic efficacy of an organic fraction (EtOAc-F) from <em>Guazuma ulmifolia</em> leaves and the evaluation of its reactive oxidative stress on <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>. The first step was to assess the anthelmintic effect of EtOAc-F at 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 and 14 mg kg of body weight (BW) in gerbil's (<em>Meriones unguiculatus</em>) artificially infected with <em>H. contortus</em> infective larvae (L3). The second step was to evaluate the preliminary toxicity after oral administration of the EtOAc-F in gerbils. Finally, the third step was to determine the relative expression of biomarkers such as glutathione (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) against <em>H. contortus</em> L3 post-exposition to EtOAc-F. Additionally, the less-polar compounds of EtOAc-F were identified by gas mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The highest anthelmintic efficacy (97.34%) of the organic fraction was found in the gerbils treated with the 14 mg/kg of BW. Histopathological analysis did not reveal changes in tissues. The relative expression reflects overexpression of GPx (p&lt;0.05, fold change: 14.35) and over expression of SOD (p≤0.05, fold change: 0.18) in <em>H. contortus</em> L3 exposed to 97.44 mg/mL of EtOAc-F compared with negative control. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (<strong>1</strong>), leucoanthocyanidin derivative (<strong>2</strong>), coniferyl alcohol (<strong>3</strong>), ferulic acid methyl ester acetate (<strong>4</strong>), 2,3,4-trimethoxycinnamic acid (<strong>5</strong>) and epiyangambin (<strong>6</strong>) as major compounds. According to these results, the EtOAc-F from <em>G. ulmifolia</em> leaves exhibit anthelmintic effect and increased the stress biomarkers on <em>H. contortus.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014489424000717/pdfft?md5=c64cd27215a93bba4648e4054fb65894&pid=1-s2.0-S0014489424000717-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive components in Psidium guajava extracts elicit biotoxic attributes and distinct antioxidant enzyme modulation in the larvae of vectors of lymphatic filariasis and dengue","authors":"Harun K. Aremu ,&nbsp;Olu I. Oyewole ,&nbsp;Adeola Adenmosun ,&nbsp;Lateefah Oyafajo ,&nbsp;Zarat O. Iwalewa ,&nbsp;Adenike Ademola ,&nbsp;Luqmon A. Azeez ,&nbsp;Monsuru A. Adeleke","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Control of mosquito vectors, which have caused a global disease burden, has employed various methods. However, the challenges posed by current physical and chemical methods have raised concerns about vector control programs, leading to the search for alternative methods that are less toxic, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. This study investigated the larvicidal potential of aqueous, methanol, and ethylacetate extracts of Guava (<em>Psidium guajava</em>) against <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> larvae. Functional group and phytochemical characterization were performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds in the extracts. Larval bioassays were conducted using WHO standard procedures at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 125, and 250 mg/L, and mortality was recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme profiles in the larvae were studied. All of the solvent extracts showed larvicidal activity, with the methanol extract exhibiting the highest mortality against <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> larvae, followed by aqueous and ethylacetate extracts. FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of OH, C–H of methyl and methylene, C<img>O and C<img>C. The GC-MS analysis indicated that the methanol, aqueous, and ethylacetate extracts all had 27, 34, and 43 phytoactive compounds that were effective at causing larvicidal effects, respectively. Different concentrations of each extract significantly modulated the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione in larvae. This study's findings indicate the potential for developing environmentally friendly vector control products using the bioactive components of extracts from <em>P. guajava</em> leaves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140796968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxfendazole Nitazoxanide combination in experimental neurocysticercosis – Anti-inflammatory and cysticidal effects","authors":"Jefferson Aber Alves Araújo,&nbsp;Taynara Cristina Gomes,&nbsp;Vanessa Cindy Neres Lima,&nbsp;Yngrid Batista da Silva,&nbsp;Ruy de Souza Lino Junior,&nbsp;Marina Clare Vinaud","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, <em>Taenia solium</em>. The complications of NCC include seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. In addition to antiparasitic drugs and surgery, the management of NCC includes the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. The traditional treatment with albendazole and praziquantel has not been altered over 30 years and present several side effects. There are other anti-helminthic drugs such as oxfendazole and nitazoxanide that may show efficacy in NCC treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic aspects of experimental NCC after <em>in vivo</em> treatment with the combination of oxfendazole and nitazoxanide. Balb/c mice were infected with <em>T. crassiceps</em> cysticerci and divided into groups of 10 animals each that received a single dose through gavage as follows: group treated with NaCl 0.9% (control group); group treated by monotherapy of the anti-helminthic drugs, 30 mg/kg in single dose of oxfendazole (OXF) or nitazoxanide (NTZ); and groups treated with the combination of the drugs (OXF/NTZ group). Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were performed. There was greater presence of final stage cysticerci after treatment. The microscopic analysis of the general pathological processes showed that the monotherapy with all treatment groups induced higher perivasculitis than what was observed in the control group. In contrast, the combination treatment showed a lower observation of PMN and MN inflammatory infiltration in comparison to the other treatments and to the control one. These results show that indeed the association of benzimidazole derivatives which present both anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory properties with other cysticidal drugs are beneficial for the NCC treatment in which the aim is to destroy parasite without inducing inflammatory damage in the brain tissue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between the degree of infection by wild strain of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and porcine hematological parameters","authors":"Carlos Vinicius Barros Oliveira ,&nbsp;Maria Elenilda Paulino da Silva ,&nbsp;Jailson Renato de Lima ,&nbsp;Amanda Maria Tavares Moreira ,&nbsp;Maria Jéssica Mendes Brito ,&nbsp;Cicera Alane Coelho Gonçalves ,&nbsp;João Eudes Lemos de Barros ,&nbsp;Romário Matheus de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jean Paul Kamdem ,&nbsp;Luiz Marivando Barros ,&nbsp;Antonia Eliene Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The apicomplexa <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is capable of actively proliferating in numerous types of nucleated cells, and therefore has a high potential for dissemination and resistance. Thus, the present work aimed to correlate the inoculum concentrations and amount of post-infection parasites with porcine hematological parameters (including biochemistry) through <em>in vitro</em> culture. Porcine blood was incubated with different concentrations of parasites (1.2 × 10⁷, 6/3/1.5 × 10⁶ cells/mL), then the concentrations of red blood cells (RBC) and their morphology, total and differential leukocytes, and free peptides were evaluated. In addition, eight different blood samples analyzed before inoculation, where subsequent multivariate analysis was applied to correlate different variables with trophozoite concentration. The results showed no significant variation (p &lt; 0.05) in the relative levels of free peptides, or the relative percentage of RBC at all the parasite concentrations tested. However, the normalized percentages of leukocytes and neutrophils showed a significant reduction, while those of lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes showed the opposite behavior. Semi-automatic processing of images exhibited significant microcytosis and hypochromia. The multivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between the amount number of protozoa (AP) and the variables: “Red cells” and “Neutrophils”, an indifference between the AP and the content of free peptides, and the concentration of monocytes in the samples; and a negative correlation for AP and the percentages of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Our results suggest that specific changes in hematological parameters may be associated with different degrees of parasitemia, demanding a thorough diagnostic process and adequate treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140620850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of using sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and desiccation in surface inactivation for Toxocara spp","authors":"Janice L. Liotta ,&nbsp;Alexandra Helfer ,&nbsp;Lucy Huang ,&nbsp;Timothy Wu ,&nbsp;Dwight D. Bowman ,&nbsp;Carlo Castillo ,&nbsp;Hussni O. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Bryant S. Blank","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxocara cati</em> and <em>T. canis</em> are parasitic nematodes found in the intestines of cats and dogs respectively, with a cosmopolitan distribution, and the potential for anthropozoonotic transmission, resulting in human toxocariasis. Spread of <em>Toxocara</em> spp. is primarily through the ingestion of embryonated eggs contaminating surfaces or uncooked food, or through the ingestion of a paratenic host containing a third-stage larva. The <em>Toxocara</em> spp. eggshell is composed of a lipid layer providing a permeability barrier, a chitinous layer providing structural strength, and thin vitelline and uterine layers, which combined create a biologically resistant structure, making the <em>Toxocara</em> spp. egg very hardy, and capable of surviving for years in the natural environment. The use of sodium hypochlorite, household bleach, as a disinfectant for <em>Toxocara</em> spp. eggs has been reported, with results varying from ineffective to limited effectiveness depending on parameters including contact time, concentration, and temperature. Desiccation or humidity levels have also been reported to have an impact on larval development and/or survival of <em>Toxocara</em> spp. eggs. However, to date, after a thorough search of the literature, no relevant publications have been found that evaluated the use of sodium hypochlorite and desiccation in combination. These experiments aim to assess the effects of using a combination of desiccation and 10% bleach solution (0.6% sodium hypochlorite) on fertilized or embryonated eggs of <em>T</em>. <em>cati, T. canis,</em> and <em>T. vitulorum</em>. Results of these experiments highlight the synergistic effects of desiccation and bleach, and demonstrate a relatively simple method for surface inactivation, resulting in a decrease in viability or destruction of <em>T. cati</em>, <em>T. canis</em> and <em>T. vitulorum</em> eggs. Implications for these findings may apply to larger scale elimination of ascarid eggs from both research, veterinary, and farming facilities to mitigate transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli modulates the virulence and pathogenicity of Entamoeba dispar","authors":"Cezar Augusto Vilela da Silva ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Costa dos Santos ,&nbsp;Mariana Fernandes de Paula Cortezzi ,&nbsp;César da Silva Santana Moura ,&nbsp;Ruth Elizabeth Cruz ,&nbsp;Camila de Almeida Lopes ,&nbsp;Karen Costa ,&nbsp;Lucas Teixeira de Souza ,&nbsp;Patrícia Costa Lima da Silva ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Neumann ,&nbsp;Álvaro Cantini Nunes ,&nbsp;Maria Aparecida Gomes ,&nbsp;Fabrício Marcus Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Marcelo Vidigal Caliari","doi":"10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amoebiasis is a disease caused by <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em>, affecting the large intestine of humans and occasionally leading to extra-intestinal lesions. <em>Entamoeba dispar</em> is another amoeba species considered commensal, although it has been identified in patients presenting with dysenteric and nondysenteric colitis, as well as amoebic liver abscess. Amoebic virulence factors are essential for the invasion and development of lesions. There is evidence showing that the association of enterobacteria with trophozoites contributes to increased gene expression of amoebic virulence factors. Enteropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> is an important bacterium causing diarrhea, with high incidence rates in the world population, allowing it to interact with <em>Entamoeba</em> sp. in the same host. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the influence of enteropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> on ACFN and ADO <em>Entamoeba dispar</em> strains by quantifying the gene expression of virulence factors, including galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding lectin, cysteine proteinase 2, and amoebapores A and C. Additionally, the study assesses the progression and morphological aspect of amoebic liver abscess and the profile of inflammatory cells. Our results demonstrated that the interaction between EPEC and ACFN <em>Entamoeba dispar</em> strains was able to increase the gene expression of virulence factors, as well as the lesion area and the activity of the inflammatory infiltrate. However, the association with the ADO strain did not influence the gene expression of virulence factors. Together, our findings indicate that the interaction between EPEC, ACFN, and ADO <em>Entamoeba dispar</em> strains resulted in differences <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> gene expression of Gal/GalNAc-binding lectin and CP2, in enzymatic activities of MPO, NAG, and EPO, and consequently, in the ability to cause lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12117,"journal":{"name":"Experimental parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}