{"title":"Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) in hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer after progression with CDK4/6 inhibitors.","authors":"Taha Koray Sahin, Sercan Aksoy, Deniz Can Guven","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2479604","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2479604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remains a prevalent and challenging disease. Endocrine therapy (ET) combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors is the first-line standard of care, yet resistance mechanisms, including ESR1 mutations, drive disease progression. Novel oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents after progression with CDK4/6 inhibitors secondary to ESR1 mutations. However, the available studies on SERDs differ in design, study population, and outcomes, necessitating a critical review of available data.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles of oral SERDs in HR-positive, HER2-negative mBC, particularly following progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors. Recent key clinical trials, including EMERALD, SERENA-2, EMBER-3 and AMEERA-3, are analyzed, highlighting their efficacy in overcoming resistance, especially in ESR1-mutant populations.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Oral SERDs offer enhanced bioavailability and convenience compared to fulvestrant, representing a critical advancement in endocrine therapy. Their integration into treatment strategies, particularly in combination regimens and ctDNA-driven approaches, may improve patient outcomes and address resistance mechanisms. However, other than ESR1 mutations, clinical refinement for patient selection is limited. Further trials are needed to optimize patient selection for oral SERD use and define the most effective combination strategies with oral SERDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"471-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prostate cancer in central and Eastern Europe: a comprehensive regional analysis of burden, trends, and future projections based on the global burden of disease study (1990-2021).","authors":"Prakasini Satapathy, Shilpa Gaidhane, Gaurav Sanghvi, Subbulakshmi Ganesan, Swati Mishra, Krishnakumar Samikan, Ashutosh Jena, Mahendra Singh, Sanjit Sah, Shubham Kumar, Khang Wen Goh, Muhammed Shabil","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2483853","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2483853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess the burden of prostate cancer (PCa) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by analyzing historical trends, evaluating the current burden, and forecasting future trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study spanning 1990-2021 to analyze PCa trends in CEE. We assessed age-standardized rates (ASRs) of PCa to identify trend changes through joinpoint regression analysis, explored regional disparities using QGIS software, and made projections for 2031 using the ARIMA model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eastern Europe experienced greater changes across health metrics compared to Central Europe, with higher average annual percentage change values for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates. In 2021, Lithuania and Estonia recorded the highest PCa prevalence rates, while Estonia had the highest total percentage change (240.3). Estonia and Latvia also had the highest mortality rates (34.1 and 33.6 per 100,000, respectively). CEE's prevalence rates are projected to remain stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight significant regional disparities in the burden of prostate cancer in CEE. Efforts to address these disparities should focus on enhancing diagnostic programs and treatment access, particularly in Eastern Europe, to reduce the ongoing burden of PCa in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A nuanced review of neoadjuvant therapies in oral cancer.","authors":"Akshat Malik, Kanishk Vishnoi, Vanita Noronha, Kumar Prabhash","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2478891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2478891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant global health burden. The goals of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are to shrink tumors allowing for more conservative surgeries, improve survival and potentially improve quality of life.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the current evidence of utility of NACT in OSCC management. We have covered indications of NACT, types of regimens and their associated toxicities, perioperative challenges with regards to margins and complications. We have also reviewed the upcoming regimens for NACT.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>NACT is a potential option for treating borderline resectable and unresectable OSCC. It holds promise for organ preservation (mandibular/tongue). With newer modalities like immunotherapy and targeted therapies, the preferred choice of regimen may evolve. Post NACT, intraoperative margins and choice of adjuvant therapy remain debatable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"499-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Ferrari, Bianca Arianna Facchini, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Francesca Sparano
{"title":"Melanoma neoadjuvant treatment: review and update of recent trials.","authors":"Marco Ferrari, Bianca Arianna Facchini, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Francesca Sparano","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2474182","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2474182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is emerging as an effective approach for resectable stage III/IV melanoma, showing improvements in disease response and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes findings from neoadjuvant treatment trials in melanoma patients. Using the PubMed search engine and including the keywords 'neoadjuvant,' 'immunotherapy,' and 'melanoma,' we selected 18 trials that showed efficacy in patients with melanoma, mainly testing checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination. Across all trials examined, treatments showed objective disease responses, which frequently translated into improved disease-free survival.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Additional phase III studies comparing neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies are needed to establish the optimal standard of care. The variety of regimens and dosing schedules investigated highlights the need for further research to determine the most appropriate treatments in this clinical setting. Advances in the study of biomarkers that can identify specific subgroups of patients will guide future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"383-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sikander Ailawadhi, Deanna Pafundi, Jennifer Peterson
{"title":"Advances and future directions in radiopharmaceutical delivery for cancer treatment.","authors":"Sikander Ailawadhi, Deanna Pafundi, Jennifer Peterson","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2472859","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2472859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs) have emerged as a promising approach for the precise treatment of various cancers. Delivering ionizing radiation directly to cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue, radiopharmaceuticals offer enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to conventional external beam radiation therapy (i.e. photons and electrons).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In the current era of personalized cancer care, the appropriate choice of RPTs for a clinical condition and the specific patient's care needs to be better understood. Several available RPT agents with their respective clinical applicability along with rapidly ongoing research in this field have now given RPTs the ability to lend themselves to a personalized medicine focus. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in RPT, including nuclide selection and development, molecular targeting strategies, radiopharmaceutical development, and clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>We discuss the underlying principles, challenges, and opportunities for future development. Furthermore, we explore emerging technologies and future directions in the field, highlighting the potential impact on personalized cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An evaluation of nivolumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.","authors":"Eric J Miller, Matthew D Galsky","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2473645","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2473645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For decades, first-line treatment for advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer has been platinum-based chemotherapy. However, many patients do not respond to platinum-based chemotherapy alone, and the vast majority do not have durable responses. While immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated benefit in this setting, initial trials of concurrent chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade did not demonstrate improvements in overall survival.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The recent CheckMate 901 trial compared gemcitabine, cisplatin, plus nivolumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer. This was the first trial to demonstrate significant benefit in the combined chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade arm in advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer, most significantly showing an improvement in the primary outcomes of progression-free survival and overall survival, and the exploratory outcomes of objective response rate, complete response rate, and duration of complete response.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The combination of gemcitabine, cisplatin, plus nivolumab represents a new first-line treatment option for metastatic urothelial cancer. This article details the clinical benefit observed and how this establishes proof-of-concept for prior hypotheses related to the importance of the specific chemotherapy regimen combined with immune checkpoint blockade, revolving around immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of cisplatin, and synergy of these mechanisms with immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"319-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcoming common emerging barriers to effective neoadjuvant immunotherapies.","authors":"Sophia Sokol, Marijo Bilusic","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2474733","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2474733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has rapidly evolved as a novel approach in oncology, reshaping the standard treatment for several malignancies, including melanoma, lung, bladder, colorectal, and breast cancer. While it has an acceptable safety profile, challenges persist due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune evasion, T-cell exhaustion, and identification of biomarkers. Addressing these issues is critical for optimizing treatment regimens, minimizing immune-related adverse events, and ensuring successful clinical integration.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores current research on neoadjuvant immunotherapy, emphasizing its impact on standard of care treatment, efficacy, safety, and clinical challenges. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published in the last 5 years. Ongoing research aims to enhance the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, identify resistance mechanisms, and broaden indications. Current clinical trials focus on biomarker-driven patient selection, refining immune response modulation through combination strategies, and developing evidence-based protocols for implementation into routine oncology practice.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Neoadjuvant immunotherapeutic options have rapidly changed the oncological treatment landscape in only a few years, and this treatment paradigm has quickly become a new standard of care in multiple solid tumors. With continued clinical investigation, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has the dramatic potential to further advance cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"393-403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of fruquintinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Linfeng Liu, Dengzhuo Chen, Liang Wen, Yongli Ma, Jinghui Li, Guosheng Zhang, Hongkai Hu, Chengzhi Huang, Xueqing Yao","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2474736","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2474736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fruquintinib, a VEGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Recent clinical practice has shown that combining fruquintinib with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors can achieve better efficacy.The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of combining PD-1inhibitors with fruquintinib.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI up to 28 August 2024 for studies comparing fruquintinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors to fruquintinib alone. RevMan software was used to perform meta-analyses of survival data for the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9 retrospective cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial were included, involving a total of 716 patients. Compared with the monotherapy group, the combination therapy group had a greater Overall Response Rate [RR = 2.45,95% CI (1.83, 3.56), <i>p</i> < 0.00001], Disease Control Rate [RR = 1.37,95% CI (1.64,4.79), <i>p</i> = 0.0002], and progression-free survival [HR = 0.64,95% CI (0.49, 0.84), <i>p</i> = 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. The incidence of adverse effects was identical in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fruquintinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors was more effective than fruquintinib alone in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, with acceptable safety.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO (registration number CRD42024583116).</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"411-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The selection of targeted therapies for relapsed or refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Vinay K Giri, Jacob Zaemes","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2468765","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2468765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Advancements in immunotherapy and angiogenesis-targeted therapies have transformed the upfront treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, long-term prognoses for patients with unresectable and metastatic disease often remain limited, with the majority experiencing progression after exposure to front-line therapy. In most cases of relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease after prior exposure to an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), there is no role for ICI-rechallenge. Therefore, treatment of R/R RCC relies on the appropriate selection of therapies targeting growth pathways dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review article summarizes the current landscape of targeted therapies for use in second-line or later-line settings for the treatment of clear cell and non-clear cell RCC. Novel therapeutic strategies currently in development are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The treatment of R/R RCC primarily consists of inhibition of VEGF, HIF, and mTOR pathways, and the selection of a specific agent depends on the histologic subtype of the tumor, the prior lines of therapy chosen, and patient co-morbidities. Future tumor-based and circulating biomarker research might one day enable the identification of transcriptional signatures that could predict a response to immune, angiogenesis, or HIF-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"337-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An evaluation of vimseltinib for treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors.","authors":"Katarzyna Kisielewska, Piotr Rutkowski","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2469755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2025.2469755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm with aggressive local growth. The disease is driven by excessive CSF1 expression in tumor cells, leading to increased recruitment of monocytes and macrophages, cytokine production, and tumor development. Targeted therapy against CSF1R is an effective treatment approach for unresectable, symptomatic TGCT. Vimseltinib, a novel, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF1R, has shown clinical efficacy in patients with TGCT.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This paper outlines the pathogenesis and therapeutic options for TGCT, along with a detailed profile of vimseltinib, including its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety data from clinical studies. The efficacy and tolerability of vimseltinib are indirectly compared with previously known CSF1R inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In the MOTION study, the use of vimseltinib in patients with advanced TGCT resulted in a high objective response rate, substantial benefit in reducing clinical symptoms (such as pain and stiffness), and a favorable safety profile. Vimseltinib represents a promising new therapeutic option for patients with unresectable TGCT and is currently awaiting regulatory review by the FDA and EMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}