{"title":"A Case Study of Citizen Complaints as Social Indicators","authors":"E. Krendel","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300300","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose is to illustrate the applicability of the approach and the techniques of systems engineering to certain urban problems. Systems engineering can be an effective tool in the design and operation of organizations to accomplish such urban activities as police scheduling, waste disposal, river purification, fire house location, etc. The relatively unploughed ground of applying systems engineering to the quality of urban life is addressed here. The quality of urban life, an elusive but intuitively satisfying concept, is operationally useful to the extent that a city can identify and move toward achieving the goals of its citizenry. Social indicators measure the extent to which these goals have been achieved. For such indicators to be usable on line inputs for determining changes in urban subsystems, they must respond rapidly and sensitively to the citizenry's changing perception of the gap between goals and actual achievements. Indicators aggregated over long intervals of time, large physical areas, or population groups tend to be sluggish and historical. It is shown how unsolicited complaints and comments from the citizenry may help to define such operationally useful social indicators. A conceptual framework emphasizing adaptive urban subsystems is presented, and data are used to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134067947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of Bayesian Inference in the Design of an Endpoint Control System for the Basic Oxygen Steel Furnace","authors":"Richard J. Kornblum, M. Tribus","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300311","url":null,"abstract":"A digital simulation of the basic oxygen steel furnace was previously developed, and its output was compared with the available data taken from the literature. The output concentrations were within 10 percent of the literature data, while the simulated temperature was within 0.5 percent. The simulation is used as an off-line model of the process to design an endpoint control system which makes use of the available feedback from the process. Feedback consists of previously existing instrumentation for effluent gas analysis and an instrument designed for quick carbon analysis. The same instrument, independently conceived by Bethlehem Steel, has been proved effective by them. The control system uses Bayesian inference to evaluate process feedback optimally. Equations have been developed and a computational algorithm designed enabling real-time calculation of the probability of a carbon-temperature state given any control action and imperfect measurements. Because the objective function is almost symmetric and the cost of control is minimal compared to the value of an endpoint state, optimal control drives the expected state vector to the center of the tolerance region.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129197778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Organizing Approach to the Stochastic Fuel Regulator Problem","authors":"G. Saridis, H. Gilbert","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300340","url":null,"abstract":"A self-organizing procedure to achieve a performance adaptive controller with asymptotically optimal properties is proposed for systems with completely or partially unknown dynamics. A physically realizable controller that operates in an unknown stochastic environment is obtained. The accrued cost during a global random search for the minimum converges to the minimum value corresponding to the specific optimal controller. The global search strategy includes a subgoal defined on a nondecreasing time subinterval and an algorithm of adaptive random type. The stochastic fuel regulator problem with random switching delay is used as an application of the method and simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128051945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to \"Visual Feature Extraction by a Multilayered Network of Analog Threshold Elements\"","authors":"K. Fukushima","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"120 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124513098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Parallel Optimum Seeking Technique-Dynostat","authors":"J. A. Gibson, G. Coombes","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300342","url":null,"abstract":"Dynostat is the name given to a system optimization technique employing both instantaneous and predictive optimum seeking strategies in parallel. Although it has both off-line and on-line capabilities of application this account is concerned mainly with an explanation of the essentials of the technique in the context of off-line optimization studies. A brief description of a successful application study of a practical problem in industry is also included. The technique is explained in a progressive manner by considering an example for which there is a requirement for an optimum schedule of alternative energy sources. As is well known, optimum scheduling using the dynamic programming technique is restricted in practice by limitations in computer storage and computing time to systems with few independent variables. However, in certain classes of multichannel systems some of these variables appear naturally, or by reasonable approximation can be made to appear, in a static section of the system, and it is shown that optimizing their values need consume only little computer time and storage. The remainder of the variables are in the dynamic section and their optimization makes a heavy demand on computational facilities. The Dynostat technique handles both types of variables in a single computer algorithm. An indication of a projected on-line configuration of Dynostat is presented in a statement of developments of the technique currently under study.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122003105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decoupled Method for Approximation of Signals by Exponentials","authors":"V. Jain","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300349","url":null,"abstract":"This noniterative method for approximating empirical signals over [O, ?) by a linear combination of exponentials yields suboptimal approximation. Notably, the dependence of the suboptimal exponents ?i? on the fractional integral square error ? is such that lim??0 ?i = ?i, the optimal exponents. The integral square error in representation is studied for a sin and a square pulse, and a useful error formula is developed.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123621293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Global Search in a Time-Variant Environment Using a Probabilistic Automaton with Pattern Recognition Supervision","authors":"R. Jarvis","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300343","url":null,"abstract":"A probabilistic automaton with pattern recognition supervision is considered as an on-line real-time adaptive controller for a complex plant with a multimodal performance-index structure and subjected to an environment which randomly fluctuates in time. This environment is considered to be partially measurable but entirely uncontrollable. The automaton discussed is capable not only of learning the optimum control parameters in any given environmental situation but also of acting as an internal teacher in the formation of pattern associations between the measurable state of the environment and the control situation, so that approximately recurrent conditions can be taken advantage of in future relearning situations. These pattern associations, once developed, are used to supervise the future action of the automaton. Furthermore, the pattern associations between the measurable state of the environment and the control situation must themselves be adaptively formed to allow for variations caused by unknown and/or unmeasurable factors in the total environment.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122883484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational Experience with the Davidon Method Applied to Optimal Control Problems","authors":"B. Pierson, S. G. Rajtora","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300347","url":null,"abstract":"The Davidon method as extended by Tripathi and Narendra [1], [2] is applied to optimal control problems with terminal state constraints adjoined to the cost functional as penalty functions. The results of two numerical examples indicate that this algorithm provides an attractive alternative to conjugate gradient algorithms.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134069356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sum-Line Extrapolative Algorithm and Its Application to Statistical Classification Problems","authors":"L. R. Talbert","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300345","url":null,"abstract":"The sum-line algorithm (SLA) for use with an adaptive linear threshold element is shown experimentally to have excellent extrapolative properties when applied to two-class multivariate Gaussian pattern-classification problems, even when the number of sample patterns is severely limited. The algorithm iteratively adapts the desired analog-output sum of the threshold element while simultaneously adapting the weights of the element. The algorithm converges toward a solution weight vector. It is shown experimentally that this vector tends toward the solution provided by the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm or that provided by the matched-filter (MF) algorithm, whichever is best able to extrapolate from a given set of sample patterns to patterns that are derived from the same statistical populations but are not included in the sample set.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133306326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}