{"title":"System Study of Emission Control for Passenger Cars","authors":"D. DeHaven, Allan B. Platt","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300306","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a total system analysis leading to the optimal design of an automotive exhaust air pollution control device are presented. The purpose is to demonstrate a capability for effectively optimizing design parameters of a subsystem in an operating environment which are subject to three optimality criteria: minimum cost for fixed performance; maximum effectiveness (emission reduction) per total cost dollar; and maximum society benefit per total cost dollar. The cost and performance models of the emission control device are developed. Controlled emissions of a representative vehicle are compared to federal standard levels and extrapolated to the population of vehicles assuming an inspection and maintenance policy. Total emissions are distributed in the air shed, and ground level concentrations are determined. These concentrations are compared with those of an uncontrolled population, and the average benefits of control are determined. The total costs to society of providing maintained control devices are compared to the benefits. Design optimization is performed based on the costs and benefits subject to objective function constraints using a general-purpose optimization language and computer executive SLANG/CUE.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114517079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Design Procedure for Traffic Signal Control Policies","authors":"A. Morris, H. Yagoda","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300308","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for the design of traffic signal control policies which results in minimal average delay and queue length is presented. The procedure is applicable to preset and sampled data controllers. The optimal policy is computed from measurements of the average demand in each flow direction during some interval (10 minutes to several hours). In many cases, substantial improvements over classical techniques in the areas of intersection performance and safety are obtained. In other cases, the theoretical foundations of the new procedure provide proof that the classical design techniques already generate optimal solutions. Computation time for the procedure is sufficiently small to allow a single automaton to control many (100-1000) intersections in real time.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129465942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redundancy in Deterministic Sequences","authors":"W. Jermann","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300313","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for defining an information measure for deterministic sequences. This is done by considering a sequence as a non-Markovian sample space. The correspondence between redundancy, as defined by this information measure, and measured perception ability is considered.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a Simple Minkowski Metric Classifier","authors":"G. Toussaint","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300314","url":null,"abstract":"A classifier which, in general, implements a nonlinear decision boundary is shown to be equivalent to a linear discriminant function when the measurements are binary valued; its relation to the Bayes classifier is derived. The classifier requires less computation than a similar one based on the Euclidean distance and can perform equally well.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125883415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of Water Quality in a Complex Natural System","authors":"B. Dysart, W. W. Hines","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300307","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to water quality control is presented for the case where there could be significant interaction of wastes in a stream. In most previous studies, a single pollutant was considered and a single related water quality parameter was used as a constraint. In highly developed river basins, it is reasonable to expect more than one important pollutant. If they interact in the stream, traditional analysis, which assumes independence, may lead to improper control policies. A free-flowing stream which receives thermal and organic wastes is modeled as an N-stage serial system. Two-dimensional dynamic programming is used to determine minimum-cost control policies. The response of total system cost and control policy to variation of quality standards is presented.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medicaid: from Conceptualization to Action","authors":"Raphael J. Salmon, Stanley M. Altman","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300305","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the basic elements affecting the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of health programs for the urban poor are developed. The Medicaid program is examined as an example of recent Federal efforts to upgrade the health status of indigent population of the United States. The rapidly rising costs of medical care and the unexpectedly high costs of Medicaid serve to reemphasize the need to carefully evaluate the merits and effectiveness of the Medicaid approach. Variations in state Medicaid plans, nonfiscal problems in coordination and administration, and the inadequacy of available data contribute to lack of effective and continuous program evaluation efforts. With this in mind, requirements for development of an effective management information system for Medicaid are spelled out. Specific examples of the kinds of information needed are given, and some steps taken recently by the federal government to attempt to meet identified needs are highlighted. The role of a management information system for Medicaid is seen in context as a component of a management approach to health programming.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134291330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Theory of Visual Pattern Perception","authors":"D. Noton","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300312","url":null,"abstract":"A theory of visual pattern perception is proposed, which is intended to explain first how patterns are learned or committed to memory, second how these patterns are recognized when subsequently encountered, and third how the patterns are recognized under unfavorable real-world conditions, for example, when they are distorted, enlarged, or rotated, or are viewed along with other patterns in a cluttered and noisy visual field. The essential idea of the theory is that each pattern is represented in memory as a network of memory traces recording the features of the pattern and the attention shifts required to pass from feature to feature across the visual field. These attention shifts may take the form of saccadic eye movements or they may be executed internally, according to the angular displacement involved. Memorizing and recognizing a pattern are thus seen to be closely analogous to memorizing and repeating a conventional sequence of behavior, each being an alternating sequence of sensory and motor activities. From this analogy come certain predictions concerning the presence of scanpaths in eye movements during pattern perception, and one of these predictions has been verified experimentally.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126925021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Function of Operations Research Specialists in Large Urban School Districts","authors":"J. Bruno","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300304","url":null,"abstract":"The high cost of public education has stimulated interest in applying the techniques of operations research and systems analysis to the management of schools. These applications are generally intended to promote greater efficiency in school operations and insure more effective use of educational resources. Due to the sociopolitical nature of public elementary and secondary educational institutions, the role of the operations research (OR) specialist-systems analyst in the education sector might be considered different from his counterpart in the military and industrial sectors. The function of the OR specialist in a large urban school district is particularly affected and influenced by political action groups, both in the school itself, e.g., teacher organizations, and by the community. Yet it is in these large urban districts where problems are most serious and the skills of the OR specialist-systems analyst are in greatest need. An attempt is made to demonstrate the role of the OR specialist in large urban school districts by using a problem situation which concerned itself with the politically sensitive question of developing an alternative to the fixed step salary schedule. A model is developed and analyzed, showing in a scenario fashion the functions of the OR specialist. The highly political nature of certain school district planning problems, such as salary evaluation, strongly suggests that the OR specialist in school districts be highly skilled in working with political action groups and possess communications skills to articulate various aspects of the planning effort, in addition to possessing the usual mathematical competencies.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124361560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Water Pricing and Production Model","authors":"E. Burke","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300301","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the model presented is to maximize the social profitability of a governmental agency by determining prices and production levels of two different sources of water. This maximization is performed subject to both sociopolitical and physical constraints. The nonlinear stochastic model developed is reduced to a linear stochastic model of one decision variable. Also presented are the results of the application of the model to an existing situation.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116005978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Modeling of Police Patrol Operations","authors":"R. Larson","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1970.300302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1970.300302","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical approach to several operational problems of urban police departments is introduced. In particular, the focus is on urban police patrol forces and the two important activities of a patrol car (or patrol unit) 1) answering a call for police service, 2) performing crime preventive patrol. After reviewing the traditional allocation method, a patrol travel time model and a preventive patrol model are developed. The first depicts the time required for a patrol unit to travel from its position at time of dispatch until arrival at the scene of the incident. The second relates the frequency of patrols to physical parameters and can be used to estimate the probability that a patrolling unit will intercept a crime while in progress. Applications of the models are discussed.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129290819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
