Experimental and Applied Acarology最新文献

{"title":"Removing grass clippings reduces bermudagrass mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) infestation during turfgrass regrowth","authors":"Matthew S. Brown, Juang Horng Chong","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00911-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00911-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bermudagrass mite (<i>Aceria cynodoniensis</i> Sayed) infestation stunts bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon</i> spp. [Poales: Poaceae]) growth, leading to thinned turf and lower aesthetic and recreational value. Bermudagrass mites cause characteristic symptoms called witch’s brooms, including shortened internodes and leaves and the proliferation of tillers. Grass clippings produced by mowing or scalping bermudagrass harbor mites, which abandon the desiccating grass clippings and spread to surrounding turfgrass. Dropped grass clippings can lead to infestation of new turfgrass. Nursery experiments were conducted with potted bermudagrass to determine the effect of removing witch’s brooms or grass clippings after scalping on witch’s broom densities on the recovering bermudagrass. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the potential for mites to abandon detached witch’s brooms and to evaluate mite survival after leaving their hosts. The number of initial witch’s brooms and individually removing witch’s brooms did not affect subsequent witch’s broom densities, suggesting that infested but asymptomatic terminals later developed into witch’s brooms. Removing grass clippings after scalping reduced witch’s broom densities by over 65% in two trials. Most mites (96%) abandoned witch’s brooms within 48 h after detaching witch’s brooms, and adult mites survived an average of 5.6 h after removal from the host plant. Removing clippings after scalping may improve bermudagrass mite management and limit damage on the recovering turfgrass. Additionally, clippings resulting from regular mowing or scalping should be disposed of properly because this study demonstrates that mites abandon desiccating host plants and survive sufficiently long to infest surrounding turfgrass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors contributing to tick-acaricide control failure in communal areas of the Oliver Tambo district eastern cape province, South Africa","authors":"William Diymba Dzemo, Oriel Thekisoe, Patrick Vudriko","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00910-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00910-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Application of chemical acaricides in the control of ticks has led to the problem of tick-acaricide control failure. To obtain an understanding of the possible risk factors involved in this tick-acaricide control failure, this study investigated tick control practices on communal farms in the north-eastern part of the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. A semi-structured questionnaire designed to document specific farm attributes and acaricide usage practices was administered at 94 communal farms from the Oliver Tambo District municipality of the ECP. Data collected indicated that the main acaricide chemicals used at plunge dips of inland and coastal areas were synthetic pyrethroid formulations. Most (75%) farmers claimed not to have noticed a significant reduction in numbers of actively feeding and growing ticks on cattle after several acaricide treatments. Based on the farmers’ perceptions, leading factors that could have led to tick-acaricide control failure included: weak strength of the dip solution (76%); poor structural state of dip tanks (42%); and irregular tick control (21%). The rearing of crossbreeds of local and exotic cattle breeds, perceived weak strength of the dip solution and high frequency of acaricide treatment, were statistically associated with proportions of farms reporting tick-acaricide control failure. Furthermore, approximately 50% of farms reported at least four tick control malpractices, which could have resulted in the emergence and spread of tick-acaricide control failure. Other sub-optimal tick control practices encountered included incorrect acaricide rotation, and failure to treat all cattle in a herd. This data will inform and guide the development of management strategies for tick-acaricide control failure and resistance in communal farming areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ivermectin, amitraz and fipronil on midgut epithelium and digestive enzyme profile in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","authors":"Nisha Bisht, Ashutosh Fular, Mohini Saini, Satyanshu Kumar, M. Sankar, Anil Kumar Sharma, Srikant Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00913-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00913-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Blood feeding and digestion are vital physiological activities essential for the survival and reproduction of ticks. Chemical acaricides viz., ivermectin, amitraz and fipronil, are known to act on the central nervous system, resulting in the mortality of ticks. The present study is focused on the effect of these acaricides on the midgut and gut enzymes of <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>. The ultra-thin sections of midgut of ivermectin-treated ticks showed irregular basal membrane and ruptured digestive vesicles. Amitraz treatment resulted in a notable decrease in digestive cells with pleats in the basal membrane, while fipronil-exposed ticks exhibited reduced digestive cells, loss of cellular integrity, and disintegration of the basal membrane and muscle layer. The gut tissue homogenate of ivermectin and fipronil treated ticks showed a significant reduction of cathepsin D level, 76.54 ± 3.20 μg/mL and 92.67 ± 3.72 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to the control group (150.0 ± 3.80 μg/mL). The leucine aminopeptidase level (4.27 ± 0.08 units/mL) was significantly decreased in the ivermectin treated ticks compared to other treatment groups. The acid phosphatase activity (29.16 ± 0.67 μmole/min/L) was reduced in the ivermectin treated group whereas, increased activity was observed in the fipronil and amitraz treated groups. All the treatment groups revealed increased alkaline phosphatase levels (17.47–26.72 μmole/min/L). The present finding suggests that in addition to the established mechanism of action of the tested acaricides on the nervous system, the alterations in the cellular profile of digestive cells and enzymes possibly affect the blood digestion process and thus the synthesis of vital proteins which are essential for vitellogenesis, and egg production in ticks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do astigmatid teeth matter: a tribological review of cheliceral chelae in co-occuring mites from UK beehives","authors":"Clive E. Bowman","doi":"10.1007/s10493-023-00876-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-023-00876-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The dentition of the chelal moveable digit in cohabiting astigmatids from UK beehives (i.e., &lt;i&gt;Carpoglyphus lactis&lt;/i&gt; (Linnaeus), &lt;i&gt;Glycyphagus domesticus&lt;/i&gt; (DeGeer), and &lt;i&gt;Tyrophagus putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt; (Schrank)) is characterised for the first time using quantitative tribological measures within a 2D mechanical model. The trophic function of astigmatid chelae are reviewed in terms of macroscopic tools used by humans including hooking devices, pliers, shears, rasps and saws. Comparisons to oribatid claws and isopod dactyli are made. The overall pattern of the moveable digit form of &lt;i&gt;T. putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt; is not just a uniformly shrunken/swollen version between the other two taxa at either the macro- or micro-scale. Mastication surface macro-roughness values are in the range of international Roughness Grade Numbers N5–N6. The moveable digit of &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; has low rugosity values compared to the glycyphagid and acarid (which are topographically more similar and match that roughness typical of some coral reef surfaces). &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; has the most plesiomorphic moveable digit form. The mastication surface of all three species as a chewing tool is distinctly ornamented despite the moveable digit of &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; looking like a bar-like beam. The latter has more opportunities to be a multifunctional tool behaviourally than the other two species. Little evidence of any differences in the ‘spikiness’ of any ‘toothiness’ is found. Some differences with laboratory cultured specimens are found in &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; and possibly &lt;i&gt;T. putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt; suggesting where selection on the digit may be able to occur. The chelal surface of &lt;i&gt;T. putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt; has been deformed morphologically during evolution the most, that of &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; the least. Repeated localised surface differentiation is a feature of the moveable digit in &lt;i&gt;G. domesticus&lt;/i&gt; compared to the likely more concerted changes over certain nearby locations in &lt;i&gt;T. putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt;. An impactful chelal teeth design is present in &lt;i&gt;G. domesticus&lt;/i&gt; but this is more equivocal in &lt;i&gt;T. putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt;. Pockets within the mastication surface of the glycyphagid (and to some extent for the acarid) may produce foodstuff crunch forces of the scale of the chelal tips of oribatids. The moveable digit dentition of &lt;i&gt;G. domesticus&lt;/i&gt; is adapted to shred foodstuff (like a ripsaw) more than that of the grazing/shearing dentition of &lt;i&gt;T. putrescentiae&lt;/i&gt;. The collecting ‘picker‘ design of &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; posterior teeth matches the size of &lt;i&gt;Bettsia alvei&lt;/i&gt; hyphae which attacks hive-stored pollen. Detritus accumulated in chelal digit gullets through a sawing action matches the smallest observed ingested material. The dentition of &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; should produce less friction when moving through food material than &lt;i&gt;G. domesticus&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;C. lactis&lt;/i&gt; is the most hypocarnivorous and may ‘skim’ through fluids when feeding. Astigmatid teeth do matter. The three commensal s","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of abiotic factors on diapause termination and temperature requirements for postdiapause development in the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"E. Martínez-Villar, B. López-Manzanares, S. Legarrea, I. Pérez-Moreno, V. S. Marco-Mancebón","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00904-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00904-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European red mite <i>Panonychus ulmi</i> (Koch) is widely distributed and it can severely affect pome fruit crops, particularly apple. Pest outbreaks are related to an overuse of non-selective pesticide treatments that lead to the development of resistance and the absence of natural enemies in the orchard. A key aspect to optimize the use of pesticide treatments in the context of IPM is to increase the knowledge on the biology and ecology of the pest to better predict population dynamics and outbreaks. For the European red mite, knowledge on the conditions that lead to diapause breaking by winter eggs is essential to model population dynamics. To increase this knowledge, winter eggs were collected during field surveys in northen Spain during three years and egg hatching was monitored under controlled temperature and photoperiod conditions in the laboratory. The “number of days exposed to cold temperatures” was the most significant factor that positively affected hatching of overwintering eggs. The time required for 50% of the egg population to hatch (T_50%) was also negatively modulated by the duration of exposure to cold temperature. The temperature threshold for postdiapause eggs development collected from the field was estimated between 5 and 6 ºC in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Moreover, the degree-days required for post diapause development were estimated between 263.2 and 270.3, depending on the year of collection. Collectively, we provide additional information on the diapause termination and postdiapause development of the European red mite that may effectively contribute to optimize pest population models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitional chelal digit patterns in saprophagous astigmatan mites","authors":"Clive E. Bowman","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00907-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00907-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Changes in the functional shape of astigmatan mite moveable digit profiles are examined to test if <i>Tyrophagus putrescentiae</i> (Acaridae) is a trophic intermediate between a typical micro-saprophagous carpoglyphid (<i>Carpoglyphus lactis</i>) and a common macro-saprophagous glycyphagid (<i>Glycyphagus domesticus</i>). Digit tip elongation in these mites is decoupled from the basic physics of optimising moveable digit inertia. Investment in the basal ramus/coronoid process compared to that for the moveable digit mastication length varies with feeding style. A differentiated ascending ramus is indicated in <i>C. lactis</i> and in <i>T. putrescentiae</i> for different trophic reasons. Culturing affects relative investments in <i>C. lactis</i>. A markedly different style of feeding is inferred for the carpoglyphid. The micro-saprophagous acarid does not have an intermediate pattern of trophic functional form between the other two species. Mastication surface shape complexity confirms the acarid to be heterodontous. <i>T. putrescentiae</i> is a particularly variably formed species trophically. A plausible evolutionary path for the gradation of forms is illustrated. Digit form and strengthening to resist bending under occlusive loads is explored in detail. Extensions to the analytical approach are suggested to confirm the decoupling of moveable digit pattern from cheliceral and chelal adaptations. Caution is expressed when interpreting ordinations of multidimensional data in mites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf trichome-mediated predator effects on the distribution of herbivorous mites within a kidney bean plant","authors":"Tatsuya Yoshida, Yasuyuki Choh","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00915-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00915-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some predators prefer to settle on leaf patches with microstructures (e.g., trichomes and domatia), leaving traces on the patches. Herbivorous arthropods, in turn, select leaf patches in response to these traces left by predators. It remains unclear whether traces of predators on leaf patches affect the distribution of herbivorous prey within plants through plant microstructure. Therefore, we examined the distribution of herbivorous mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>) and predatory mite (<i>Phytoseiulus persimilis</i>) by investigating their oviposition pattern. We used a kidney bean plant (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) with two expanded primary leaves and the first trifoliate leaf, focusing on leaf trichomes as the microstructure. The density of trichomes was higher on the first trifoliate leaf than on the primary leaves and on the abaxial surface of the leaves than on the adaxial surface. Adult female <i>P. persimilis</i> laid more eggs on the first trifoliate leaf to the primary leaves. Although adult female <i>T. urticae</i> preferred to oviposit on the abaxial surface of primary leaves, previous exposure of plants to predators diminished this preference. The altered egg distribution would be a response to the traces of <i>P. persimilis</i> rather than eggs of <i>P. persimilis</i>. Our findings indicate that <i>T. urticae</i> reproduces on leaf patches with traces of predators without altering their oviposition preference. Given that the presence of predator traces is known to reduce the reproduction of <i>T. urticae</i>, it may have a substantial effect on the population of <i>T. urticae</i> in the next generations on kidney bean plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6Pgdh polymorphism in wild bulb mite populations: prevalence, environmental correlates and life history trade-offs","authors":"Pranav Unnikrishnan, Szymon Grzesik, Magdalena Trojańska, Beata Klimek, Agata Plesnar-Bielak","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00909-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00909-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic polymorphism in key metabolic genes plays a pivotal role in shaping phenotypes and adapting to varying environments. Polymorphism in the metabolic gene <i>6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase</i> (<i>6Pgdh</i>) in bulb mites, <i>Rhizoglyphus robini</i> is characterized by two alleles, S and F, that differ by a single amino acid substitution and correlate with male reproductive fitness. The S-bearing males demonstrate a reproductive advantage. Although the S allele rapidly fixes in laboratory settings, the persistence of polymorphic populations in the wild is noteworthy. This study examines the prevalence and stability of <i>6Pgdh</i> polymorphism in natural populations across Poland, investigating potential environmental influences and seasonal variations. We found widespread <i>6Pgdh</i> polymorphism in natural populations, with allele frequencies varying across locations and sampling dates but without clear geographical or seasonal clines. This widespread polymorphism and spatio-temporal variability may be attributed to population demography and gene flow between local populations. We found some correlation between soil properties, particularly cation content (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and <i>6Pgdh</i> allele frequencies, showcasing the connection between mite physiology and soil characteristics and highlighting the presence of environment-dependent balancing selection. We conducted experimental fitness assays to determine whether the allele providing the advantage in male–male competition has antagonistic effects on life-history traits and if these effects are temperature-dependent. We found that temperature does not differentially influence development time or juvenile survival in different <i>6Pgdh</i> genotypes. This study reveals the relationship between genetic variation, environmental factors, and reproductive fitness in natural bulb mite populations, shedding light on the dynamic mechanisms governing <i>6Pgdh</i> polymorphism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors affecting the feeding site predilection of ticks on cattle in Ghana","authors":"Seth Offei Addo, Ronald Essah Bentil, Mba-tihssommah Mosore, Eric Behene, Julian Adinkrah, Janice Tagoe, Clara Yeboah, Bernice Olivia Ama Baako, Dorcas Atibila, Sandra Abankwa Kwarteng, Kwaku Poku-Asante, Ellis Owusu-Darbo, Victor Asoala, Daniel Lartei Mingle, Edward Owusu Nyarko, Anne T. Fox, Andrew G. Letizia, Joseph Diclaro William, Shirley Nimo-Paintsil, James F. Harwood, Samuel Kweku Dadzie","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00906-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00906-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ticks are important disease vectors affecting animal health and causing substantial economic loss, especially in the tropics and subtropics. To examine the tick burden of cattle and associated risk factors for tick infestation, ticks were collected from 388 cattle within five regions in Ghana. Most of the cattle were males (50.3%) and generally older than 3 years (65%). Of the animals sampled, 2187 ticks were collected with a mean tick burden of 5.6 ticks per cattle, and the average tick burden on the udder/scrotum being significantly higher than in the anal region (Generalized Linear Mix Model [GLMM], <i>p</i> = 0.01197). The tick species identified were predominantly <i>Amblyomma variegatum</i> (42.6%) and <i>Hyalomma rufipes</i> (26.2%). High proportions of cattle examined were found to have <i>A. variegatum</i> infesting the udder/scrotum. Furthermore, <i>H. rufipes</i> infested mostly the anal region compared to other examined body parts (OR 14.8, 95% CI 8.6–25.4, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Using the GLMM, tick abundance was found to be significantly higher in cattle older than 3 years. The tick burden in the udder/scrotum was higher than that from the chest and leg/thigh of the cattle (GLMM, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The tick burden at the anal region was also significantly higher than the leg/thigh and chest. This study indicates that the preferred attachment sites of ticks on cattle are species-dependent and effective treatment with acaricides should take into consideration the udder/scrotum and anal regions as well as prioritizing older cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiplex direct PCR method for the rapid and accurate discrimination of three species of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in fruit orchards in Beijing.","authors":"Can Lu, Shao-Dong Hao, Pa-Zi Ha, Li-Bin Huang, Li-Zhen Dai, Jian-Wen Wang, Long Wang, Zhi-Yong Zhang, Zheng-Guang Ren, Jin-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10493-023-00900-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-023-00900-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) are polyphagous pests of economic importance in agriculture, among which the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch has spread widely worldwide as an invasive species, posing a serious threat to fruit tree production in China, including Beijing. The hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher, is also a worldwide pest of fruit trees and woody ornamental plants. The cassava mite, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara, is mainly found in Asian countries, including China, Korea and Japan, and mainly affects fruit trees and agricultural crops. These three species of spider mites are widespread and serious fruit tree pests in Beijing. Rapid and accurate identification of spider mites is essential for effective pest and plant quarantine in Beijing orchard fields. The identification of spider mite species is difficult due to their limited morphological characteristics. Although the identification of insect and mite species based on PCR and real-time polymerase chain reaction TaqMan is becoming increasingly common, DNA extraction is difficult, expensive and time-consuming due to the minute size of spider mites. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a direct multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous identification of three common species of spider mites in orchards, A. viennensis, T. truncatus and T. urticae, to provide technical support for the differentiation of spider mite species and phytosanitary measures in orchards in Beijing. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the two-spotted spider mite and the cassava mite and the 18S gene sequence of the hawthorn spider mite as the amplification target, three pairs of specific primers were designed, and the primer concentrations were optimized to establish a direct multiplex PCR system for the rapid and accurate discrimination of the three spider mites without the need for DNA extraction and purification. The method showed a high sensitivity of 0.047 ng for T. truncatus and T. urticae DNA and 0.0002 ng for A. viennensis. This method eliminates the DNA extraction and sequencing procedures of spider mite samples, offers a possibility for rapid monitoring of multiple spider mites in an integrated microarray laboratory system, reducing the time and cost of leaf mite identification and quarantine monitoring in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":" ","pages":"403-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}