Experimental and Applied Acarology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. spore suspensions against cotton-infesting spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae).","authors":"İsmail Asrav, Yunus Korkom, Alireza Saboori, Ibrahim Cakmak","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01137-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01137-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spider mites, particularly Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. turkestani Ugarov and Nikolskii (Acari: Tetranychidae), are major agricultural pests, and their increasing resistance to chemical acaricides underscores the need for alternative control strategies. This study explored the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. against these mites. Specifically, we evaluated (1) the efficacy of spore suspensions from five isolates of four Trichoderma species (Trichoderma afroharzianum, T. guizhouense, T. harzianum and T. virens) and their combinations on different biological stages of T. urticae, (2) the efficacy of T. afroharzianum spore suspension on different populations of T. urticae (green and red forms) and T. turkestani in both Petri dish and pot experiments. Results showed that Trichoderma spore suspensions were ineffective against T. urticae eggs, with mortality rates ≤ 2.8% at 7 days post-application (dpa), which did not differ significantly from the control. However, the fungi caused significant mortality of 50-65% in the mobile stages of the mites (larvae, nymphs, and adult females) compared with the control. Based on the initial screening results, a single Trichoderma isolate (T. afroharzianum) was selected for detailed assessment across multiple spider mite populations. Petri dish assays at 7 dpa showed that T. afroharzianum was more effective against T. turkestani (up to 60%) and the green form of T. urticae (53%) than against the red form of T. urticae (35%). Pot experiments confirmed these results, showing that T. afroharzianum reduced egg and mobile stage populations by 36-39% in T. turkestani and T. urticae (green form and laboratory culture populations), whereas reductions in the red form of T. urticae were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that T. afroharzianum has potential as a biological control agent; however, its efficacy varies among spider mite populations, highlighting the need to integrate it with other biological or chemical strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on morphological traits and mitogenomes of the genus Echinolaelaps.","authors":"Gangxian He, Wenge Dong, Bili Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01138-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01138-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Echinolaelaps is a group of large gamasid mites. Although only three species are currently known, its taxonomic status is controversial because the species within this genus have strikingly morphological similar characters except for the distance between genito-ventral plate and anal plate. The mitogenomes of the three known Echinolaelaps species range from 14,402 to 15,736 bp in size and share the common feature that the D-arm of trnS₁ and trnC is lacking. Notably, the lack of the D-arm in trnS₁ is common across metazoans, whereas its absence in trnC appears to be a unique, shared derived feature that unites the three Echinolaelaps species into a distinct clade, suggesting it may be a generic characteristic. Such mitogenomic data are valuable for phylogenetic estimation and molecular evolution. In particular, mitochondrial gene rearrangement pattern has been the hot topic in understanding evolutionary processes. Interestingly, the mitogenomes of all three Echinolaelaps species exhibit extensive gene rearrangements and two novel gene arrangement pattern. We found that three Echinolaelaps species share a comparable number of breakpoints with species in Laelapidae and Varroidae. Selection pressure analysis showed differences in rapidly evolving protein-coding genes of three Echinolaelaps species. Although no palindromic repeats directly associated with these rearrangements were detected, other repeat sequences were present. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the monophyly of the genus Echinolaelaps. However, the current data remain insufficient to conclusively resolve its precise taxonomic position within the family Laelapidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rose rosette emaravirus dynamics in eriophyoid mites: implications for virus transmission.","authors":"Tobiasz Z Druciarek, Alejandro J Rojas, Ioannis E Tzanetakis","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01135-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01135-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the interaction between rose rosette emaravirus (RRV) and its vectors is pivotal in addressing the epidemic outbreak of rose rosette disease. This study employed quantitative real-time RT-PCR to assess RRV concentration in Phyllocoptes fructiphilus and P. adalius, providing insights into the viral dynamics and vector competency. Our findings suggest an increase in virus titer within P. fructiphilus, a confirmed vector species, unlike P. adalius, highlighting its non-vector status. Furthermore, the study highlights the variability in virus concentration in mites over time, underlining possible developmental stage-specific response and influence of mite lifestyle on RRV retention and replication. This research is the first step in understanding the virus-mite interaction mechanisms, which is essential for developing effective management strategies against rose rosette and potentially other emaravirus-caused diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology, biology and plant host damage comparison between Tetranychus merganser and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).","authors":"Sarai Corona-Sánchez, Ma Teresa Santillán-Galicia, Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva, Manuel Alejandro Tejeda-Reyes, Nicacio Cruz-Huerta","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01131-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01131-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the life-history traits and host-plant interactions of Tetranychus merganser and T. urticae. It provides a comprehensive assessment of both species by integrating taxonomic, demographic, and host plant interaction data. Morphological identification based on the shape of the aedeagus was supported by molecular analysis of partial COI sequences. Morphometric analyses revealed that all aedeagal structures and several somatic measurements were significantly larger in T. merganser males, whereas T. urticae females had longer and wider idiosomal dimensions. Demographically, T. merganser exhibited a significantly longer developmental time across most immature stages and higher adult survivorship, indicating slower development compared with T. urticae, while T. merganser showed greater mean generation and doubling times, reflecting slower population growth but longer longevity. The total number of eggs laid per female and sex ratios did not differ significantly between species, although both were strongly female-biased. Host-plant experiments demonstrated species-specific preferences, T. urticae attained higher populations and caused greater foliar damage on rose, while T. merganser performed better on pepper. Overall, these results highlight clear ecological differentiation between T. merganser and T. urticae, supporting their status as an important pest species with differing life-history and host-plant adaptation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mites present in small terrestrial mammals in a preserved unit inside the Atlantic rainforest including pathogen monitoring.","authors":"Isabella Pereira Pesenato, Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Jaciara de Oliveira Jorge Costa, Herbert Sousa Soares, Thiago Fakelmann, Giovanna Nosberto Castelli, Mayara Bispo de Oliveira, Guiherme José da Costa Silva, Valeria Castilho Onofrio, Fernanda Aparecida Nieri-Bastos, Arlei Marcili","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01136-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01136-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectoparasitic mites have been studied for many years in the medical and veterinary fields, particularly for their association with humans and domesticated animals. At environments with little anthropic actions is possible to learn more about their interaction with natural or primary hosts. In this study, ectoparasitic mites of rodents and mammals of the Legado das Águas reserve were studied. The reserve is located inside the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest with high levels of conservation due to being mainly used for ecotourism. The objective of this study was to explore ectoparasitic mites in three areas of the reserve, and search rickettsiae bacteria in some sampled specimens. Mites were collected from hosts using Sherman and Tomahawk traps and later identified using taxonomic keys. A total of 6,947 mites were collected belonging to three families (Laelapidae, Macronyssidae and Trombiculidae) on 478 hosts. Individually selected mite samples (N = 186) were subjected to DNA extraction and further tested for occurrence of Rickettsia, however, no sample retrieved positive results. This study reports new mite records for hosts and localities and explores the dynamics of the ecology of mites and their hosts in a particular area inside the Atlantic Rainforest.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: House dust mites in three contrasting climatic regions of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Riyadh Hussain S Aeban, Medjedline Hani, Henk R Braig, M Alejandra Perotti","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01129-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01129-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transstadial and transovarial perpetuations of Borrelia venezuelensis in Ornithodoros rudis, with demonstration of vector competence.","authors":"Felipe R Jorge, Glauber M B de Oliveira, Igor S Silito, Matheus Pasini Martins, Sebastián Muñoz-Leal, Marcelo B Labruna","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01124-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01124-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are recognized vectors of relapsing fever group Borrelia, such as Borrelia venezuelensis, whose infection dynamics in its vector, Ornithodoros rudis, remains poorly understood in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the transstadial perpetuation and transovarial transmission of B. venezuelensis in O. rudis and the vector competence of all parasitic stages of this tick species. Experimental colonies were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions, and ticks were fed on Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Infection in hamsters was monitored using dark field microscopy and real-time PCR. Borrelia venezuelensis was detected across multiple tick life stages, and its presence in larvae derived from infected females confirmed transovarial transmission. Vector competence for B. venezuelensis was demonstrated for larvae, nymphs and adults of O. rudis. Additionally, neurological symptoms and sudden death were observed in some hamsters, possibly associated with toxicosis due to heavy tick infestation. These findings provide the first experimental evidence of transstadial and transovarial maintenance of B. venezuelensis in O. rudis, reinforcing its role as a competent vector and contributing to a better understanding of the eco-epidemiology of relapsing fever in South America.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Moroccan and Turkish essential oils against Varroa destructor: varroacidal potency, locomotor activity impact, and mechanistic insights via molecular docking.","authors":"Sedat Sevin, Hidayet Tutun, Soukaina Miloudi, Okan Can Arslan, Ayyoub Skaou, Babür Erdem, El Hassan El Mouden, Nilüfer Vural, Abdelaziz Abbad, Sibel Kaymak, Hande Alemdar, Abdessamad Aglagane","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01134-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01134-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is considered as a major threat to honey bees (Apis mellifera) worldwide, contributing significantly to colony losses. Conventional synthetic acaricides are increasingly ineffective due to resistance and the harmful residues they leave in hive products. This study evaluates the varroacidal activity and safety of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Moroccan (Thymus satureioides, Thymus pallidus) and Turkish (Origanum minutiflorum, Plantago major) plants. EO compositions were characterized by GC-MS, and their varroacidal activity was assessed via in vitro fumigation bioassays. While in silico analyses (molecular docking and dynamics) were conducted to identify bioactive compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action, effects on locomotor activity were also examined. Thymol and carvacrol were identified as key active compounds, with molecular docking showing strong binding affinities to varroa odorant-binding protein (–7.1 and − 7.0 kcal/mol, respectively), supporting their observed bioactivity. The binary combination of O. minutiflorum and T. pallidus demonstrated synergistic effects, yielding the lowest LD₅₀ (0.845 µL/L air). Toxicity predictions indicated that most EO components posed low genotoxic and irritant risks. EO treatments significantly reduced bee locomotor activity compared to controls, though no differences were found among EO types. These findings highlight the potential of specific EOs and their combinations as sustainable and selective agents for varroa control, however, significantly reduced honey bee locomotor activity has been registered, suggesting potential sedative or sublethal neurotoxic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species diversity, distribution and habitat suitability modeling of ixodid ticks infesting cattle in selected districts of the North Wollo Zone, northeast Ethiopia.","authors":"Assaye Wollelie Fentie, Moges Maru, Teketay Bayleyegn Derso, Gebyaw Menge Getnet, Animaw Andargie Worku, Assaye Desta Amare, Ashenafi Wondye Dagne, Zerihun Getie Wassie, Abebech Atinafu Yehulashet, Ayenalem Shibabaw Atenaf, Yihenew Getahun Ambaw, Zewdu Seyoum Tarekegn","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01133-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01133-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ixodid ticks, as vectors for numerous pathogens, pose a significant threat to Ethiopia's livestock industry. However, data on their species diversity and distribution in the North Wollo zone are scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify ticks infesting cattle, associated risk factors, and their habitat suitability in the region. From March to December 2024, a multistage cluster sampling technique was used to examine 340 tick infested cattle across four districts. Collected ticks were morphologically identified. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and logistic regression, to identify risk factors, while the maximum entropy was employed to predict habitat suitability for the five dominant species. A total of 2,258 ticks, comprising three genera and twelve species were collected. The five most abundant species namely; Amblyomma variegatum (26.9%), Amblyomma cohaerens (14.2%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (18.5%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (17.1%), and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (13.1%) together accounted for more than 90% of the total collection. The primary attachment site was the ano-vulval region (35.2%), followed by the udder/scrotum (22.4%). Logistic regression revealed that altitude, body condition, herd size, and animal movement were significant risk factors for tick infestation. Furthermore, habitat suitability modeling identified elevation, vegetation type, and land cover as key environmental predictors for tick distribution. This study provided the first comprehensive data on tick diversity and distribution in North Wollo zone. By identifying both host-related risk factors and geographically suitable habitats, these findings are crucial for developing targeted and effective tick control strategies, ultimately safeguarding livestock health and productivity in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13046685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread pyrethroid resistance in Varroa destructor in Türkiye: a molecular warning.","authors":"Sezer Yalcin, Taylan Dogaroglu, Evin Gunenc, Ersin Dogac","doi":"10.1007/s10493-026-01132-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-026-01132-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance mutations in Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman 2000) populations across ten Turkish provinces, utilizing PCR-RFLP assay. By targeting codon 925 in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene, a recognized site for knockdown resistance (kdr), we identified a notably high frequency of resistant alleles within the field populations. Among the 800 mites analyzed, 83% were homozygous resistant, 14% were heterozygous, and only 3% were susceptible. Regional analysis indicated the highest resistance levels in Eastern Anatolia (94%), followed by Central Anatolia (80%) and Marmara (71%). The widespread fixation of resistance alleles is likely attributable to the excessive and repeated use of flumethrin-treated strips, which exert strong selection pressure. The low heterozygosity rate, observed at only 14%, supports the hypothesis of directional selection and potential genetic bottlenecks in these populations. These findings are consistent with patterns reported in other Mediterranean countries, indicating a broader regional trend. Overall, this study presents comprehensive and concerning data on the resistance of Turkish Varroa populations, reinforcing global calls for sustainable and adaptive mite management strategies and providing a valuable reference for policymakers and beekeepers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13043529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}