European Journal of Sport Science最新文献

{"title":"Topical application of isolated menthol and combined menthol-capsaicin creams: Exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation in the heat.","authors":"Jenny Peel,&nbsp;Kevin John,&nbsp;Joe Page,&nbsp;Owen Jeffries,&nbsp;Shane M Heffernan,&nbsp;Jamie Tallent,&nbsp;Mark Waldron","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2211966","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2211966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We determined the effects of topically applied (i) isolated menthol cream, (ii) menthol and capsaicin co-application or (iii) placebo cream on exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. Ten participants cycled at 70% maximal power output until exhaustion in 35°C and 20% relative humidity after application of (i) 5% isolated menthol, (ii) 5% menthol and 0.025% capsaicin co-application or (iii) placebo cream. Thermo-physiological responses were measured during exercise, with attentional focus and pain determined post-exercise on a 0-to-10 scale. Across the three conditions, time to exhaustion was 13.4 ± 4.8 min, mean ± SD infrared tympanic and skin temperature was 37.2 ± 0.6°C and 35.1 ± 1.2°C, respectively, and heart rate was 152 ± 47 bpm, with no changes between conditions (<i>p </i>> 0.05). Perceived exertion was lower in the isolated menthol <i>vs.</i> all other conditions (<i>p </i>< 0.05, <i>ηp²</i>= 0.44). Thermal sensation was higher in menthol-capsaicin co-application <i>vs.</i> isolated menthol (<i>p </i>< 0.05, <i>d = </i>1.1), while sweat rate was higher for capsaicin and menthol co-application compared to menthol (<i>p </i>< 0.05, <i>d </i>= 0.85). The median and interquartile range scores for pain were lower (<i>p </i>< 0.05) in the menthol condition (8, 7-8) compared to both menthol and capsaicin (10, 9-10) and placebo (9, 9-10), which was coupled with a greater distraction (<i>p </i>< 0.05) in the menthol condition (9, 7-10) compared to placebo (6, 5-7). Despite no performance effects for any topical cream application condition, these data reiterate the advantageous perceptual and analgesic role of menthol application and demonstrate no advantage of co-application with capsaicin.<b>Highlights</b>Topical application of isolated menthol cream to cold-sensitive areas of the body during exhaustive exercise in the heat, elicited reduced perception of pain and enhanced sensation of cooling.While this reduction in generally unpleasant feelings (i.e. pain and heat) were coupled with lower RPE scores in the menthol condition and could be considered beneficial, there was no apparent ergogenic effect in an exercise tolerance test.Co-application of capsaicin and menthol appeared to inhibit the positive sensory effects elicited by menthol.Isolated menthol can induce changes in cognitive processes related to pain and exertion, while also reducing thermal sensation; however, the decision to use menthol creams must be balanced with the limited performance or thermoregulatory effects reported herein during exercise in hot environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9555723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating sensor location on the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring during exercise in a non-diabetic population.","authors":"Alexandra M Coates,&nbsp;Jeremy N Cohen,&nbsp;Jamie F Burr","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2174452","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2174452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors worn on the active muscle may provide enhanced insight into glucose control in non-diabetic participants during cycling exercise compared to traditional sensor placement on the arm. Data from 9 healthy participants (F:3) was recorded using CGM sensors on the arm (<i>triceps brachii</i>) and leg (<i>vastus medialis</i>) following 100 g glucose ingestion during 30 min experimental visits of: resting control, graded cycling, electrically stimulated quadriceps contractions, and passive whole-body heating. Finger capillary glucose was used to assess sensor accuracy. Under control conditions, the traditional arm sensor better reflected capillary glucose, with a mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 12.4 ± 9.3% versus 18.3 ± 11.4% in the leg (<i>P</i> = 0.02). For the intended use during exercise, the sensor-site difference was attenuated, with similar MARDs during cycling (arm:15.5 ± 12% versus leg:16.7 ± 10.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.96) and quadriceps stimulation (arm:15.5 ± 14.8% versus leg:13.9 ± 9.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.9). At rest, glucose at the leg was consistently lower than the arm (<i>P</i> = 0.01); whereas, during graded cycling, the leg-glucose was lower only after maximal intensity exercise (<i>P</i> = 0.02). There was no difference between sensors during quadriceps stimulation (<i>P</i> = 0.8). Passive heating caused leg-skin temperature to increase by 3.1 ± 1.8°C versus 1.1 ± 0.72°C at the arm (<i>P</i> = 0.002), elevating MARD in the leg (23.5 ± 16.2%) and lowering glucose in the leg (<i>P</i> < 0.001). At rest, traditional placement of CGM sensors on the arm may best reflect blood glucose; however, during cycling, placement on the leg may offer greater insight to working muscle glucose concentrations, and this is likely due to greater blood-flow rather than muscle contractions.<b>Highlights</b>Wearing a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor on the arm may better reflect capillary glucose concentrations compared to wearing a sensor on the inner thigh <i>at rest</i>.With passive or active leg-muscle contractions, site-specific differences compared to capillary samples are attenuated; therefore, wearing a CGM sensor on the active-muscle during exercise may provide greater information to non-diabetic athletes regarding glucose flux at the active muscle.Discrepancies in CGM sensors worn at different sites likely primarily reflects differences in blood flow, as passive skin heating caused the largest magnitude difference between arm and leg sensor readings compared to the other experimental conditions (control, electric muscle stimulation, and cycling exercise).</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10762934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low- or moderate-carbohydrate calorie-restricted diets have similar effects on body composition and taekwondo performance after high-carbohydrate recovery meals.","authors":"Chin Hsu,&nbsp;Yun-Wen Huang,&nbsp;Shu-Mei Lin,&nbsp;Ching-Shih Lu,&nbsp;Chung-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Chen-Kang Chang","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2199423","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2199423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are popular among general and athletic populations attempting to lose body mass. This study investigated the effect of a 7-day LC or moderate-carbohydrate (MC) calorie-restricted diet followed by 18-h recovery on body composition and taekwondo-specific performance. In this randomised cross-over study, 12 male taekwondo athletes consumed an LC (10% of carbohydrate, 41% of protein, 49% of fat, and 15.8 ± 0.4 kcal/kg/day) or an isocaloric MC diet (60% of carbohydrate, 30% of protein, and 10% of fat) for 7 days. The participants then consumed a carbohydrate-rich recovery dinner (39.2 ± 3.1 kcal/kg) followed by breakfast (6.2 ± 0.4 kcal/kg) in both the trials. Three repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests were conducted after breakfast. The taekwondo-specific reaction battery was administered before the first RSA test and after each RSA test. The participants experienced similar magnitudes of significant loss of body mass in the LC (-2.4 ± 1.7%) and MC (-2.3 ± 1.7%) trials. Fat mass and fat percentage significantly decreased in the MC trial but remained unchanged in the LC trial after body mass loss. Fat free mass was maintained in both the trials. The average and peak power in the RSA tests and the premotor reaction time were similar between the trials. The participants experienced significantly higher fatigue in the LC trial. In conclusion, both the diets can help athletes rapidly lose body mass while maintaining performance as long as an adequate amount of carbohydrate is consumed during the recovery period.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9344241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the effect of team passion displayed during national anthems on subsequent success: A replication and extension.","authors":"Harry Manley,&nbsp;Trin Savejnarong,&nbsp;Pattramon Pornsukjantra,&nbsp;Mintra Bunditanukul,&nbsp;Naravut Sasipongsakorn","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2152731","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2152731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slater et al. (2018. Singing it for \"us\": Team passion displayed during national anthems is associated with subsequent success. <i>European Journal of Sport Science</i>, <i>18</i>(4), 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1431311) found that the perceived level of team passion displayed during (pre-match) national anthems at UEFA Euro 2016 predicted team performance during the match. Teams that displayed greater passion conceded fewer goals and team passion predicted the likelihood of victory during the knockout (but not group) stages. Here, we replicate Slater et al. using a larger sample of matches from the FIFA World Cup (<i>n</i> = 415), and apply more appropriate analyses, and control for potential confounds. We also extend the original study to consider additional performance-related outcome variables (fouls, bookings, and possession). We find no evidence that anthem passion was a reliable predictor of performance outcomes (i.e. match outcome, goals scored/conceded, fouls, bookings, possession) in competitive international soccer matches.<b>HIGHLIGHTS</b>Failing to replicate previous research, we find no evidence that the amount of collective passion displayed by a team during the national anthem predicts performance outcomes in soccer matches.Collective passion was unrelated to goals scored, goals conceded, match outcome, fouls, possession, and expected goals. The effect of passion on these outcomes was not moderated by the stage of competition.The reported null effects may be because verbal and non-verbal behaviours during the national anthem are poor signals of collective passion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10455910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle typology influences the number of repetitions to failure during resistance training.","authors":"Kim Van Vossel,&nbsp;Julie Hardeel,&nbsp;Freek Van de Casteele,&nbsp;Sarah de Jager,&nbsp;Eline Lievens,&nbsp;Jan Boone,&nbsp;Wim Derave","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2207077","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2207077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether muscle typology (muscle fibre type composition) is related to maximal strength and whether it can explain the high inter-individual variability in number of repetitions to failure during resistance training. Ninety-five resistance training novices (57 males) were assessed for their maximal isometric knee extension strength and muscle typology. Muscle typology was estimated by measuring carnosine in the soleus, gastrocnemius and/or vastus lateralis using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Forty-four subjects (22 males) performed dynamic strength tests (1RM) and 3 sets of leg extensions and curls to failure (60%1RM) to determine the association between muscle typology and (total) number of repetitions. Twenty-one subjects performed additional biceps curls and triceps extensions (60%1RM) to assess influence of exercise, 23 subjects performed additional leg extensions and curls at 80% and 40%1RM to evaluate influence of training load. There was a weak but significant relationship between muscle typology and maximal isometric strength (<i>r</i> = 0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.03) favouring the fast typology individuals. Slow and fast typology individuals did not differ in upper arm and upper leg 1RM. Total number of repetitions was related to muscle typology at 80% (<i>r</i> = -0.42; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and 60% (<i>p</i> = -0.44; <i>p</i> = 0.003) but not at 40%1RM. Slow typology individuals performed more repetitions to failure at 60%1RM in the leg extension (<i>p</i> = 0.03), leg curl (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and biceps curl (<i>p</i> = 0.02). In conclusion, muscle typology has a small contribution to maximal isometric strength but not dynamic strength and partly determines the number of repetitions to failure during resistance training. This insight can help individualizing resistance training prescriptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-intensity climbing with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases grip and elbow flexor endurance in advanced climbers: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Steffen Held,&nbsp;Ludwig Rappelt,&nbsp;Robert Rein,&nbsp;Tim Wiedenmann,&nbsp;Lars Donath","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2207079","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2207079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grip and elbow flexor strength and endurance are crucial performance surrogates in competitive climbing. Thus, we examined the effects of blood flow restricted (BFR) climbing on grip and elbow flexor performance. Fifteen trained climbers (8 females; 20.8 ± 7.0 yrs; 1.72 ± 0.08 m; 63.0 ± 9.7 kg; 21.7 ± 2.7 IRCRCA grade) were either assigned to the intervention (BFR) or control (noBFR) group, using the minimization method (Strata: age, height, body mass, gender, and IRCRA grade). While BFR was used during low-intensity climbing training (2-times 10 min/session; 3-times/week), noBFR followed identical training protocols without BFR over 5 weeks. BFR of the upper limb was applied via customized pneumatic cuffs (occlusion pressure: 120 ± 23 mmHg, 75%; occlusion pressure). Endurance and strength performances were assessed via one-handed rung pulling (GripSTRENGTH), one-handed bent arm lock off at 90° (ArmSTRENGTH), static-intermitted finger hang (GripENDURANCE), and bent arm hang (ArmENDURANCE). Bayesian credible intervals revealed increased GripENDURANCE (+21 s (95% credible interval: -2 to 43 s)) and ArmENDURANCE +11 s (-5 to 27 s); adaptations via BFR. In contrast, GripSTRENGTH +4 N (-40 to 48 N) and ArmSTRENGTH +4 N (-68 to 75 N) were not affected by the BFR intervention. Fifteen cumulative sessions of BFR application with a cumulative total BFR load of 5 h over a 5 weeks macrocycle remarkably increased grip and elbow flexor endurance. Thus, BFR might serve as a promising means to improve relevant performance surrogates in trained climbers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9451944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in a complex open skill.","authors":"Hamish G Bull,&nbsp;Alexandra C Atack,&nbsp;Jamie S North,&nbsp;Colm P Murphy","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2150895","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2150895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>External focus of attention has been shown to promote more automatic motor control, yielding better performance and more efficient technique, than an internal focus. However, most research has used closed-skill tasks in novices. The extent to which the reported pattern of findings generalises to more complex, time-constrained tasks requires further investigation. In this study, we investigated the effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in an open-skill task in skilled performers. Thirteen skilled cricket batters batted from a ball projector in four conditions, receiving instructions to focus on the movement of their hands (internal focus), the movement of their bat (proximal external focus), the flight of the ball (distal external focus), or no instruction (control). Performance and technique were measured by quality of bat-ball contacts and step length/knee flexion, respectively, whilst playing straight drives. Compared to external focus and control conditions, focusing internally yielded significantly worse batting performance and shorter step lengths, with the largest effects observed between internal and distal external focus conditions. Quality of bat-ball contact data suggested that participants' ability to protect the wicket (as evidenced by more miss/edge shots) was more negatively affected by focusing internally than their ability to play shots to score runs (as evidenced by fewer good bat-ball contacts). Findings suggest that, for skilled performance of open-skill tasks, a distal external focus yields more effective performance and technique compared with focusing internally. Findings highlight the need for further research on attentional focus effects between different skills within specific sports.<b>Highlights</b> A distal external focus of attention enhances performance and technique of skilled cricket batters compared with an internal focus.Providing skilled batters with no instructions yields similar performance benefits to distal external focus instructions.Focusing internally differentially negatively affects skilled cricket batters depending on the strategic intention of the shot being played (e.g. protecting the wicket vs attempting to score runs).</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10416865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accuracy of ten common resting metabolic rate prediction equations in men and women collegiate athletes.","authors":"Jennifer B Fields,&nbsp;Meghan K Magee,&nbsp;Margaret T Jones,&nbsp;Andrew T Askow,&nbsp;Clayton L Camic,&nbsp;Joel Luedke,&nbsp;Andrew R Jagim","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2130098","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2022.2130098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictive resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations are widely used to determine total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). However, it remains unclear whether these predictive RMR equations accurately predict TDEE in the athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of 10 commonly used RMR prediction equations (Cunningham, De Lorenzo, Freire, Harris-Benedict, Mifflin St. Jeor, Nelson, Owen, Tinsley, Watson, Schofield) in collegiate men and women athletes. One-hundred eighty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III men (<i>n </i>= 97) and women (<i>n </i>= 90) athletes were recruited to participate in one day of metabolic testing. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry and body composition was analyzed using air displacement plethysmography. A repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses was selected to determine mean differences between measured and predicted RMR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each RMR prediction method (<i>p</i><0.05). All prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR (<i>p</i><0.001), although there was no difference between the De Lorenzo and Watson equations and measured RMR (<i>p </i>= 1.00) for women, only. In men, the Tinsley and Freire equations were the most agreeable formulas with the lowest root-mean-square prediction error value of 404 and 412 kcals, respectively. In women, the De Lorenzo and Watson equations were the most agreeable equations with the lowest root-mean-squared error value of 171 and 211 kcals, respectively. The results demonstrate that such RMR equations may underestimate actual energy requirements of athletes and thus, practitioners should interpret such values with caution.<b>Highlights</b> All prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR in men athletes.All prediction equations, except for the De Lorenzo and Watson equations, significantly underestimated RMR in women athletes.Although a significant underestimation of RMR in men athletes, the Freire and Tinsley equations were the most agreeable prediction equations.In women athletes, the De Lorenzo and Watson equations were the most agreeable prediction equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40378665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"75-repetition versus sets to failure of blood flow restriction exercise on indices of muscle damage in women.","authors":"Christopher E Proppe,&nbsp;Taylor M Aldeghi,&nbsp;Paola M Rivera,&nbsp;David Gonzalez-Rojas,&nbsp;Aaron M Wizenberg,&nbsp;Ethan C Hill","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2201813","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2201813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>There is conflicting evidence regarding the prevalence and magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) following low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LL + BFR) that may be related to exercise protocols. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of 75-repetition (BFR-75) (1 × 30, 3 × 15) and 4 sets to failure (BFR-4x) protocols on indices of EIMD among untrained women. Thirteen women completed this investigation. One leg was randomly assigned to BFR-75 and the other to BFR-4x. Each leg performed isokinetic, unilateral, concentric-eccentric, leg extension muscle actions at 30% of maximal strength. Indices of EIMD (muscle soreness, range of motion [ROM], limb circumference, pain pressure threshold [PPT], and maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) were recorded before exercise, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours post-exercise. There were no changes for ROM, circumference, or PPT. Muscle soreness increased similarly in both conditions 0-, 24-, and 48-hours post-exercise and MVIC increased 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours post-exercise. These findings suggested BFR-75 and BFR-4x were not associated with EIMD and elicited similar physiological responses. The increases in muscle soreness may be due to metabolic stress associated with LL + BFR protocols apart from EIMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9436490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and targeted proteomics involved in brain and cardiovascular health in children with overweight/obesity.","authors":"Abel Plaza-Florido,&nbsp;Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon,&nbsp;Signe Altmäe,&nbsp;Francisco B Ortega,&nbsp;Irene Esteban-Cornejo","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2167237","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2167237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and brain health impairments. However, the molecular mechanisms linking CRF to health in children are poorly understood. We aimed to examine protein levels related to brain health and CVD in plasma of fit compared to unfit children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Eighty-seven children with OW/OB (10.08 ± 1.1 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. CRF was measured by performing a treadmill test, and children were categorized into fit or unfit. Targeted proteomics in plasma was performed using Olink's proximity extension assay technology of Neurology panel in the whole sample and of Cardiovascular panel in a subsample. Sixteen proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) were differentially expressed between fit and unfit children with OW/OB after adjusting for sex, maturational status, and body mass index. However, statistically significant differences disappeared after applying FDR correction. Potential candidate proteins related to CRF levels in children with OW/OB were detected, being involved in several biological processes such as neurogenesis, immune/inflammatory response, signal transduction, platelet activation. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings should be confirmed or contrasted in future studies using larger sample sizes, longitudinal and experimental designs.<b>Highlights</b>The molecular mechanisms underlying the link of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cardiovascular and brain health in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) are poorly understood.Targeted proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) in plasma of \"Fit\" compared to \"Unfit\" children with OW/OB. These proteins are involved in several biological processes such as immune/inflammatory response, neurogenesis, signal transduction, and cellular metabolic process.Longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to reveal how improvements in CRF are related to changes in circulating levels of the abovementioned proteins and how they might reduce cardiovascular diseases risk factors and brain health impairments later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10757184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}