European Journal of Sport Science最新文献_第4页

The physiological and perceptual responses of stand-up paddle board exercise in a laboratory- and field-setting 站立桨板运动的生理和知觉反应在实验室和现场设置

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1695955

A. Willmott, Benjamin Sayers, G. Brickley

{"title":"The physiological and perceptual responses of stand-up paddle board exercise in a laboratory- and field-setting","authors":"A. Willmott, Benjamin Sayers, G. Brickley","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1695955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1695955","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study quantified the physiological and perceptual responses of stand-up paddle boarding (SUP) during a range of stroke rates in a laboratory- and field-setting. Ten participants (eight male, two female; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 23 ± 3 years; body mass: 70.5 ± 9.1 kg; height: 170 ± 9 cm; body mass index [BMI]: 24.3 ± 1.5 kg m2) completed a SUP ⩒O2peak trial, and two SUP trials in both a laboratory- and field-setting (5-min at 10, 20 and 30 strokes min−1 per stage). Energy expenditure (EE), metabolic equivalents (METs), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout. In the laboratory-setting, mean ± SD EE and METs increased (P < .001) linearly when SUP at 10 (3.3 ± 1.0 kcal min−1, 2.7 ± 0.5), 20 (5.5 ± 0.9 kcal min−1, 4.4 ± 0.7) and 30 strokes min−1 (7.6 ± 1.6 kcal min−1, 6.1 ± 1.2), respectively. During these efforts, mean ± SD percentage of maximal HR were 56 ± 5%, 69 ± 6% and 84 ± 8%, respectively. In the field-setting, mean ± SD EE and METs also increased (P < .001) linearly when SUP at 10 (3.6 ± 0.9 kcal min−1, 2.7 ± 0.9), 20 (4.3 ± 1.8 kcal min−1, 3.5 ± 1.0) and 30 strokes min−1 (6.3 ± 2.1 kcal min−1, 4.6 ± 1.4). During the three conditions, mean ± SD percentage of maximal HR were 58 ± 8%, 65 ± 7% and 73 ± 9%. SUP at ≥20 strokes min−1 in the laboratory- and field-setting meet the criteria for moderate-intensity exercise (3.0–5.9 METs). These findings may now be included in the latest Compendium of Physical Activities guidelines and offer the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness if SUP is undertaken regularly by young, healthy adults.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"1023 - 1033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84572603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Development of anthropometric characteristics in professional Rugby League players: Is there too much emphasis on the pre-season period? 职业橄榄球联盟球员人体测量特征的发展:是否过于强调季前赛?

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1695953

James C. Morehen, Jon Clarke, Jake Batsford, J. Highton, R. Erskine, J. Morton, G. Close

{"title":"Development of anthropometric characteristics in professional Rugby League players: Is there too much emphasis on the pre-season period?","authors":"James C. Morehen, Jon Clarke, Jake Batsford, J. Highton, R. Erskine, J. Morton, G. Close","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1695953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1695953","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rugby League is a team sport requiring players to experience large impact collisions, thus requiring high amounts of muscle mass. Many players (academy and senior) strive to increase muscle mass during the pre-season, however, quantification of changes during this period have not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore assessed changes in body-composition using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in eleven academy players over three successive pre-seasons and ninety-three senior players from four different European Super League clubs prior to, and at the end of, a pre-season training period. There was no meaningful change in lean mass of the academy players during any of the pre-season periods (year 1 = 72.3 ± 7.1–73.2 ± 7.2kg; ES 0.05, year 2 = 74.4 ± 6.9–75.5 ± 6.9kg; ES 0.07, year 3 = 75.9 ± 6.7–76.8 ± 6.6kg; ES 0.06) with small changes only occurring over the three-year study period (72.3–75.9kg; ES = 0.22). Senior players showed trivial changes in all characteristics during the pre-season period (total mass = 95.1–95.0kg; ES −0.01, lean mass = 74.6–75.1kg; ES 0.07, fat mass = 13.6–12.9kg; ES −0.17, body fat percentage = 14.8–14.1%; ES −0.19). These data suggest that academy players need time to develop towards profiles congruent with senior players. Moreover, once players reach senior level, body-composition changes are trivial during the pre-season and therefore teams may need to individualise training for players striving to gain muscle mass by reducing other training loads.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"1013 - 1022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87735578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disordered eating behaviours in female physique athletes 女性体质运动员饮食行为紊乱

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1698659

J. Whitehead, G. Slater, H. Wright, L. Martin, H. O'Connor, Lachlan Mitchell

{"title":"Disordered eating behaviours in female physique athletes","authors":"J. Whitehead, G. Slater, H. Wright, L. Martin, H. O'Connor, Lachlan Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1698659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1698659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite substantial growth in participation rates in physique sports, little is known about the modern day female physique athlete. The extreme physique traits of successful female physique athletes suggest this population may be particularly at risk of developing disordered eating (DE). The aim of this study was to determine if female physique athletes across the main divisions of bikini, fitness, figure and bodybuilding were at risk of DE and to explore possible associated risk factors. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate differences in incidence of DE across divisions given differences in physique requirements. Female physique athletes (n = 348) were recruited using targeted methods and completed an online survey based on validated questionnaires, including the Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Bulimia subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Pathogenic Weight Control Measures (PWCM), and the Cognitive Dietary Restraint subscale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-CDR). Athletes scoring above the cut off values for one or more of the EDI subscales or engaged in at least one of the most concerning PWCM (binge eating, laxative use, and self-induced vomiting) were considered at risk of DE. Approximately half of the participants were identified with DE (46.6%), independent of division, with 27.3% exhibiting clinical and 19.3% having subclinical DE. Furthermore, approximately half (48.9%) of participants engaged in at least one of the most concerning PWCM within the past three months, with a smaller proportion (5.2%) engaging in all three PWCM. Weak but significant correlations were found between some EDI subscales and reason for sport participation, BMI and body composition goals. Drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction were positively associated with use of PWCM. In conclusion, a high proportion of female physique athletes were identified with DE, with a concerning number of athletes engaging in harmful PWCM.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"1206 - 1214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Workload efficiency as a new tool to describe external and internal competitive match load of a professional soccer team: A descriptive study on the relationship between pre-game training loads and relative match load 负荷效率作为描述职业足球队外部和内部竞技负荷的新工具:赛前训练负荷与相对比赛负荷关系的描述性研究

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1697374

Johannes Grünbichler, Peter A Federolf, H. Gatterer

{"title":"Workload efficiency as a new tool to describe external and internal competitive match load of a professional soccer team: A descriptive study on the relationship between pre-game training loads and relative match load","authors":"Johannes Grünbichler, Peter A Federolf, H. Gatterer","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1697374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1697374","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study introduces a new index for external and internal workload, “workload efficiency”, and assesses in professional soccer the influence of pre-match training load on match workload efficiency. External and internal workloads were determined for 44 training sessions and 16 competitive matches using a 10-Hz global positioning system (GPS) and a 200 Hz accelerometer/heart rate monitor. Training loads were registered from day five (D-5) to day one (D-1) prior to each competitive match. Workload efficiency was calculated for each match as the ratio between overall external and internal load. A multiple stepwise regression analysis (including z-transformed variables) was used to determine training load variables that predict workload efficiency of the following matches. Training load variables of the previous days explained 26.6% of the variance in workload efficiency during the following matches. Long sprinting distance on D-3 and D-4 and total distance on D-1 positively influenced the players’ workload efficiency, whereas long training durations and high training load on D-1 showed adverse effects. The present outcomes suggest that including sprint training (high sprinting distance) four and three days prior to a match, may provide a positive stimulus for the subsequent workload efficiency in matches. The negative impact of long training duration and high training load one day before the game highlights the importance of a diligent planning of the immediate competition preparation phase. This study shows that workload efficiency is a useful metric to assess match performance and that body-worn sensor technology can be useful for tailoring training loads.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"13 1 1","pages":"1034 - 1041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85291126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The difference in risk of chronic pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality between former elite athletes and ordinary men in Finland 芬兰前优秀运动员与普通男性之间慢性肺病发病率和死亡率风险的差异

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1697375

T. Kontro, S. Sarna, J. Kaprio, U. Kujala

{"title":"The difference in risk of chronic pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality between former elite athletes and ordinary men in Finland","authors":"T. Kontro, S. Sarna, J. Kaprio, U. Kujala","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1697375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1697375","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of a history of competitive sports on later smoking behaviour and occurrence of chronic pulmonary diseases is poorly known. We investigated how a history of elite level sports predicted later pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality. Chronic pulmonary disease incidence was assessed from national hospital and cause-of-death registers from 1970 to 2015 among Finnish male former elite athletes (n = 2078) and matched controls (n = 1453) alive in 1970 (mean age 45.0 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. In 1985, cohort members reported on their smoking habits, engagement in physical activity/sports and physician-diagnosed chronic diseases. The risk of any chronic pulmonary disease or death was lower among former athletes than controls (age-adjusted HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.46–0.83). The risk was significantly lower among endurance (HR 0.54), mixed (HR 0.61), and power sports athletes (HR 0.66) compared to controls. The age- and smoking pack-year-adjusted HRs of incident diseases from the time of the 1985 questionnaire until the end of follow-up in former athletes was 0.58 (95% CI 0.37–0.93) compared to controls. In 1985 athletes smoked less and their cumulative smoking quantity was lower than that of controls. Former athletes were more physically active and self-reported less physician-diagnosed emphysema. The risk of any chronic pulmonary disease was lower among former athletes than controls even after considering smoking status and cumulative smoking quantity. Ability to compete at the highest level of sports in young adulthood associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary disease in later life.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"233 1","pages":"1140 - 1149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75579041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Can a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology accurately assess the energy intake of professional young rugby league players? A doubly labelled water validation study 当代饮食评估工具或可穿戴技术能否准确评估职业橄榄球联盟年轻球员的能量摄入?双标签水验证研究

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1697373

Nessan Costello, K. Deighton, N. Dalton-Barron, S. Whitehead, T. Preston, B. Jones

{"title":"Can a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology accurately assess the energy intake of professional young rugby league players? A doubly labelled water validation study","authors":"Nessan Costello, K. Deighton, N. Dalton-Barron, S. Whitehead, T. Preston, B. Jones","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1697373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1697373","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurate quantification of energy intake is imperative in athletes; however traditional dietary assessment tools are frequently inaccurate. Therefore, this study investigated the validity of a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology to determine the total energy intake (TEI) of professional young athletes. The TEI of eight professional young male rugby league players was determined by three methods; Snap-N-Send, SenseWear Armbands (SWA) combined with metabolic power and doubly labelled water (DLW; intake-balance method; criterion) across a combined ten-day pre-season and seven-day in-season period. Changes in fasted body mass were recorded, alongside changes in body composition via isotopic dilution and a validated energy density equation. Energy intake was calculated via the intake-balance method. Snap-N-Send non-significantly over-reported pre-season and in-season energy intake by 0.21 (2.37) MJ.day−1 (p = 0.833) and 0.51 (1.73) MJ.day−1 (p = 0.464), respectively. This represented a trivial and small standardised mean bias, and very large and large typical error. SenseWear Armbands and metabolic power significantly under-reported pre-season and in-season TEI by 3.51 (2.42) MJ.day−1 (p = 0.017) and 2.18 (1.85) MJ.day−1 (p = 0.021), respectively. This represents a large and moderate standardised mean bias, and very large and very large typical error. There was a most likely larger daily error reported by SWA and metabolic power than Snap-N-Send across pre-season (3.30 (2.45) MJ.day−1; ES = 1.26 ± 0.68; p = 0.014) and in-season periods (1.67 (2.00) MJ.day−1; ES = 1.27 ± 0.70; p = 0.012). This study demonstrates the enhanced validity of Snap-N-Send for assessing athlete TEI over combined wearable technology, although caution is required when determining the individual TEIs of athletes via Snap-N-Send.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"1151 - 1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83300192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Short-term effects of differential learning and contextual interference in a goalkeeper-like task: Visuomotor response time and motor control 在守门员类任务中差异学习和情境干扰的短期影响:视觉运动反应时间和运动控制

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1696894

B. Serrien, B. Tassignon, J. Verschueren, R. Meeusen, J. Baeyens

{"title":"Short-term effects of differential learning and contextual interference in a goalkeeper-like task: Visuomotor response time and motor control","authors":"B. Serrien, B. Tassignon, J. Verschueren, R. Meeusen, J. Baeyens","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1696894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1696894","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this experiment, we compared changes in visuomotor performance and motor control after a single session of differential learning (DL) and contextual interference (CI) in a reaching task to mimic goalkeeping. Subjects (nDL = nCI = 16) stood in front of a wall with six LED-light targets that flashed on in a random order and subjects had to move their hand in front of it as fast as possible in order to extinguish the target. After the pre-test subjects followed a DL or CI training session, followed immediately by a post-test, followed by one hour of rest and a retention test. Performance and motor control were measured respectively by visuomotor response time (VMRT) and an Index of Motor Abundance (IMA; reflecting the strength of movement synergies) calculated with Uncontrolled Manifold analysis. A mixed-effects Bayesian ANOVA model was used to evaluate differences in changes in both parameters between both training groups. Averaged over the six targets, the decrease in VMRT was stronger for DL than CI at the post-test (interference effect) but not at retention. The IMA was on average increased at post- and retention test in both groups, indicating stronger synergies between the degrees-of-freedom. While the ANOVA for IMA was not conclusive, the changes were likely not different between both learning methods. Thus, while an interference effect was found for CI but not DL in terms of performance on the task, no such effect was observed on the behavioural level in terms of the strength of movement synergies.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"120 1","pages":"1061 - 1071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77443100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Psychological models in sport psychology: A preliminary investigation 运动心理学中的心理模型:初步探讨

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1694588

D. Collins, S. Winter

{"title":"Psychological models in sport psychology: A preliminary investigation","authors":"D. Collins, S. Winter","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1694588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1694588","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Applied psychology is characterised by a variety of theoretical models, informing distinct approaches to classification, explanation, and intervention in service-delivery. Such theoretical or psychological models include behavioural, biological, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, and social paradigms, with exposure to these models and attitude formation occurring within the structured university-based stage of sport psychology development. It is, therefore, important for the sport psychological domain to investigate developing attitudes, given these models inform subsequent professional practice and decision making. Accordingly, the present study explored the attitudes of Stage-1 sport psychology students through a modified form of the Maudsley Attitude Questionnaire (34 males, M age = 24.71 years, SD = 7.23 and 42 females, M age = 24.76 years, SD = 6.20). The questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes across eight psychological models (e.g. biological, cognitive) and four sport psychology issues (pre-performance anxiety, a lack of confidence, depression, and eating disorders). Analyses of variance demonstrated significant main, model, and interaction effects. No one psychological model was endorsed by all respondents, with model endorsement varying signiﬁcantly as a function of the issue presented. Principal Axis Factoring revealed a large contribution attributable to cognitive–behavioural and ‘eclectic’ (mixed elements of social constructionism, biological, and psychodynamic) models. In contrast, the spiritual model represented low levels of participant endorsement and application. Investigation of Stage-1 students can promote an evidence-based understanding on currently developing attitudes and inform the development of sport psychology education, supervision of training routes, and subsequent professional delivery.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"89 1","pages":"1235 - 1244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73620208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The effects of unknown additional eccentric loading on bench-press kinematics and muscle activation in professional handball and rugby players 未知额外偏心负荷对专业手球和橄榄球运动员卧推运动学和肌肉激活的影响

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1694587

D. García-López, Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Raúl Zarzuela, E. Martín-Santana, Sandra Antón, S. Sedano

{"title":"The effects of unknown additional eccentric loading on bench-press kinematics and muscle activation in professional handball and rugby players","authors":"D. García-López, Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Raúl Zarzuela, E. Martín-Santana, Sandra Antón, S. Sedano","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1694587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1694587","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This study aimed to investigate the influence of unknown additional eccentric loading on bench-press kinematics (peak velocity, peak acceleration and accelerative percentage of the concentric phase) and muscle activation (pectoralis major and anterior deltoid) in professional rugby and handball players. Seventeen professional athletes were randomly assigned to complete three separate bench-press repetitions with different AEL schemes (100/40%, 100/60% and 100/80% of 1RM eccentric/concentric loading, respectively) under two conditions: known- and unknown-concentric load (KL and UL, respectively). Results indicate that the lack of knowledge regarding the additional eccentric load induced a significant increase in peak acceleration and agonist-muscles electromyographic activity, with no changes regarding peak velocity or accelerative percentage during the concentric phase. These results support the use of unknown loads as a practical strategy in eliciting rapid muscle activation and force production, which is critical in many sports, such as handball or rugby.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"1042 - 1050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75799974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Deliberate practice in training differentiates the best Kenyan and Spanish long-distance runners 训练中的刻意练习是肯尼亚和西班牙最好的长跑运动员的区别

IF 3.2 3区医学

European Journal of Sport Science Pub Date : 2019-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1694077

A. Casado, B. Hanley, L. Ruiz-Pérez

{"title":"Deliberate practice in training differentiates the best Kenyan and Spanish long-distance runners","authors":"A. Casado, B. Hanley, L. Ruiz-Pérez","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1694077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1694077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this novel research was to compare the amount of systematic training and the different training activities undertaken by elite-standard long-distance runners during their first seven years of systematic training. Participants were divided into three performance groups: world-class Kenyans (N = 19), European-standard Spanish athletes (N = 18), and Spanish national-standard athletes (N = 18). Performance and training data were obtained for two-year periods using retrospective recall (including training diaries) from the time the athletes began systematic training, until the seventh year after. These activities included high-intensity training sessions considered deliberate practice (DP) and easy runs. There was no evidence that starting systematic training at a younger age was advantageous, and easy runs (a non-DP activity) were the most used by participants as a proportion of overall running distance. As part of an overall higher accumulation of distance run (P < 0.001, d ≥ 1.35), the Kenyans completed more tempo runs and short-interval training than the other groups (P < 0.001, d ≥ 1.38), but did not complete more long intervals or races. There were few differences between the European- and national-standard athletes except for easy runs, which highlights the value of these easy runs but also the need for higher-intensity training to compete with world-class performers. When planning for training overload and progression, long-distance running coaches should consider increasing the volume of tempo runs and short intervals, in addition to easier runs that develop cardiovascular conditioning.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"887 - 895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79848428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20