European Journal of Sport Science最新文献

{"title":"Twelve weeks of concurrent resistance and interval training improves military occupational task performance in men and women.","authors":"Adam J Sterczala, Kellen T Krajewski, Patrick A Peterson, Nicole M Sekel, Mita Lovalekar, Sophie L Wardle, Thomas J O'Leary, Julie P Greeves, Shawn D Flanagan, Christopher Connaboy, Bradley C Nindl","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2239752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2239752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the British Army, ground close combat roles have opened to women, however, they must pass the newly developed, gender-neutral Role Fitness Tests for Soldiers (RFT(S)). Due to physiological differences between sexes, training that optimally prepares both sexes for military occupational demands and the RFT(S) is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a 12-week periodized strength and power programme with concurrent interval training on RFT(S) performance and determine if performance adaptations differed between sexes. 39 recruit-aged (18-35 yrs) participants, including 21 men (29 ± 1 yrs) and 18 women (27 ± 1 yrs), completed the study. Participants performed 3 training sessions per week that included strength and power resistance training followed by interval training. Pre- to post-training, improvements were observed for seated medicine ball throw (4.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), casualty drag (29.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), single lift (8.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), water can carry (13.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.012), repeated lift and carry (6.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 2-km load carriage (7.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and 2-km run (3.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Pre- to post-training improvements were also observed for maximal squat (27.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), bench press (8.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and deadlift (24.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) maximal strength, but not upper body power or aerobic capacity. No differences in RFT(S) improvements were observed between sexes, however men performed better than women in all RFT(S) and physical performance measures. Concurrent resistance and interval training improves military occupational performance in men and women; however, women may need more training than men to pass the gender-neutral RFT(S).</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9897326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The velocity of resistance exercise does not accurately assess repetitions-in-reserve.","authors":"Sean K Mansfield, Jeremiah J Peiffer, Brook Galna, Brendan R Scott","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2235314","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2235314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the reliability of mean concentric bar velocity from 3- to 0-repetitions in reserve (RIR) across four sets in different exercises (bench press and prone row) and with different loads (60 and 80% 1-repetition maximum; 1RM). Whether velocity values from set one could be used to predict RIR in subsequent sets was also examined. Twenty recreationally active males performed baseline 1RM testing before two randomised sessions of four sets to failure with 60 or 80% 1RM. A linear position transducer measured mean concentric velocity of repetitions, and the velocity associated with each RIR value up to 0-RIR. For both exercises, velocity decreased between each repetition from 3- to 0-RIR (<i>p </i>≤ 0.010). Mean concentric velocity of RIR values was not reliable across sets in the bench press (mean intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.40, mean coefficient of variation [CV] = 21.3%), despite no significant between-set differences (<i>p </i>= 0.530). Better reliability was noted in the prone row (mean ICC = 0.80, mean CV = 6.1%), but velocity declined by 0.019-0.027 m·s^-1 (<i>p </i>= 0.032) between sets. Mean concentric velocity was 0.050-0.058 m·s^-1 faster in both exercises with 60% than 80% 1RM with (<i>p </i>< 0.001). At the individual level, the velocity of specific RIR values from set one accurately predicted RIR from 5- to 0-RIR for 30.9% of repetitions in subsequent sets. These findings suggest that velocity of specific RIR values vary across exercises, loads and sets. As velocity-based RIR estimates were not accurate for 69.1% of repetitions, alternative methods to should be considered for autoregulating of resistance exercise in recreationally active individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adults: A nationally representative study.","authors":"Jinqun Cheng,&nbsp;Yanhong Huang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Ren,&nbsp;Peng Xu,&nbsp;Jianyi Tan,&nbsp;Baoying Huang,&nbsp;Yue Chen,&nbsp;Ziqiang Lin,&nbsp;Yanhui Gao","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2177198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2177198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substantial evidence links physical activity and sedentary behaviour (SB) with cardiovascular health. However, studies usually examine time-use behaviours independently, rather than considering daily activities as a 24-hour time-use composition. This study aimed to use compositional data models to investigate how time reallocations from SB to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/ light physical activity (LPA) were associated with changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers. Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was conducted using data from a representative cross-sectional sample of adults aged 20 years or older (n = 5213 full sample; n = 2221 fasting subsample) from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall as well as gender- and age-specific estimates were obtained for reallocating time between the behaviours associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Replacing SB with MVPA was associated with decreased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), insulin, insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and 2-hour glucose, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), except for WBCs in older adults, insulin and HOMA-IR in females and older adults, 2-hour glucose in young and older adults, and HDL-C in older adults. Substituting LPA for SB resulted in lower CRP in older adults, lower RDW in males and older adults, lower insulin in young and middle-aged adults, lower HOMA-IR in females and middle-aged adults, and higher HDL-C in males and young adults. Our findings provide new evidence for the potential benefits of LPA and MVPA in cardiovascular health and help make population-specific recommendations for physical activity.<b>Highlights</b>Shorter sedentary behaviour (SB) time and longer active behaviours time are associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk profile.Although replacing SB with MVPA has stronger positive health effects, LPA, as a simpler and more feasible activity, may has greater potential in promoting cardiovascular health.The expected changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers caused by time reallocations from SB to MVPA/LPA vary with gender and age, and physical activity guidelines with specific recommendations should be tailed to the subpopulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10816784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 24-week prebiotic intervention on self-reported upper respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and markers of immunity in elite rugby union players.","authors":"C Parker,&nbsp;K A Hunter,&nbsp;M A Johnson,&nbsp;G R Sharpe,&nbsp;G R Gibson,&nbsp;G E Walton,&nbsp;C Poveda,&nbsp;B Cousins,&nbsp;N C Williams","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2216657","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2216657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Elite rugby union players face numerous physiological and psychological stressors which can increase upper respiratory and gastrointestinal illness risk, and in turn can compromise training and competitive performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of daily prebiotic supplementation on upper respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and markers of immune function in elite rugby union players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three elite rugby union players were randomly assigned to consume a prebiotic (2.8 g/day galactooligosaccharide) or placebo (2.8 g/day maltodextrin), daily for 168 days under double-blind conditions. Participants completed daily and weekly questionnaires for self-reported upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms respectively. Blood and saliva samples were collected at 0, 84, and 168 days for assessment of plasma TNF-α and CRP, and saliva IgA respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prebiotic group experienced a 2-day reduction in upper respiratory symptom duration (<i>P </i>= 0.045). Gastrointestinal symptom severity and incidence were lower in the prebiotic group compared to the placebo group (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>P </i>= 0.041) respectively. Salivary immunoglobulin A secretion rate was 42% greater in the prebiotic group compared to the placebo group at day 168 (<i>P </i>= 0.004), no differences in CRP and TNF-α were found (<i>P </i>> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 168-day dietary prebiotic intervention reduced the duration of upper respiratory symptoms and reduced the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in elite rugby union players. These findings suggest that seasonal prebiotic interventions may be beneficial for reducing illness in elite rugby union players, improving their availability to train and compete.<b>Key points</b>Elite athletes are susceptible to upper respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms which may impact upon training availability and competition performance.For the first time, this study shows that a dietary prebiotic intervention can reduce the duration of upper respiratory symptoms by 2 days in elite rugby union players.Dietary prebiotic supplementation can improve the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms experienced by elite rugby union players.Prebiotic supplementation was able to increase salivary IgA secretion after 168 days.These findings can inform practice suggesting that seasonal prebiotic use has the potential to modulate immune function and reduce illness in elite rugby union, which may improve a player's availability to train and compete.The mechanisms by which prebiotics reduce URS and GIS require further research exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength, balance and falls in middle-aged women.","authors":"Mengmeng Wang,&nbsp;Feitong Wu,&nbsp;Michele L Callisaya,&nbsp;Graeme Jones,&nbsp;Tania M Winzenberg","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2222096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2222096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the longitudinal associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength (LMS), balance, and falls in middle-aged women. This was a 5-year cohort study among 308 women aged 36-56 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine associations of baseline and change in accelerometer-measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with baseline and 5-year change in LMS and balance (timed up and go test [TUG], functional reach test [FRT], lateral reach test [LRT], and step test [ST]), and negative binomial/Poisson and log-binomial regression as appropriate to assess associations with falls after 5-year follow-up. Greater baseline MVPA was associated with better baseline LMS (β = 4.65 kg/SD, 95% CI: 1.37, 7.93) and TUG (β = -0.09 s/SD, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01) but not with change in them over 5 years. Baseline MVPA was not associated with FRT at baseline but associated with a greater decrease in FRT (β = -0.87 cm/SD, 95% CI: -1.57, -0.17). Increased MVPA over 5 years was associated with less deterioration in FRT (β = 0.88 cm/SD, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.61). Increased sedentary time over 5 years was associated with a larger decrease in FRT (β = -0.82 cm/SD, 95% CI: -1.58, -0.07). Higher baseline LPA was associated with higher falls risk (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57). Higher baseline MVPA may benefit LMS and balance, while increasing MVPA in the medium term has little effect on change in these outcomes in mid-life. Detrimental association of LPA with falls may be due to greater exposures to environmental hazards.<b>Highlights</b>Our study for the first time examined the longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with leg muscle strength, balance and falls in middle-aged women.Higher baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be beneficial for muscle strength and balance at baseline but increasing MVPA in the medium term has little effect on change in LMS or balance outcomes in middle-aged women.Higher baseline light physical activity (LPA) was associated with an increased risk of falls.The detrimental association of LPA with falls may be due to a greater exposure to environmental hazards in midlife, which needs to be clarified in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myoelectric activity and improvements in strength and hypertrophy are unaffected by the ankle position during prone leg curl exercise - a within person randomized trial.","authors":"Gabriela M Cadeo,&nbsp;Rafael A Fujita,&nbsp;Marina M Villalba,&nbsp;Nilson R S Silva,&nbsp;Claudinei Iossi Júnior,&nbsp;Gregory E P Pearcey,&nbsp;Matheus M Gomes","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2214794","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2214794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine the effect of ankle position (i.e. gastrocnemius muscle length) on training outcomes during leg curl exercise, we recruited untrained and trained healthy adults to participate in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, we studied the acute influence of ankle position on knee flexor myoelectric (EMG) activity during leg curl exercise in a group of trained and a separate group of untrained adults. In Experiment 2, we studied the effects of ankle position on knee flexors muscle thickness and torque across a 10-week training protocol in trained adults. We hypothesized that leg curl exercise with the ankle in a plantarflexed position would enhance EMG activity, muscular strength, and hamstrings muscle thickness. We randomized the legs within a person to perform leg curl exercise with one in a plantarflexed position and the other in a dorsiflexed position. Experiment 1 revealed no significant differences between ankle positions in the EMG activity of hamstring muscle in either group (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Experiment 2 revealed a significant pre- to post-intervention increase in biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and isometric torque (<i>p</i> = 0.03), but there were no significant effects of the ankle position (<i>p</i> = 0.596) or interaction between ankle position and timepoint for these variables (<i>p</i> = 0.420). In sum, the ankle position did not have acute effects on hamstrings EMG activity, nor did it affect strength and hypertrophy adaptations after 10-weeks of leg curl exercise training. Interestingly, however, the limb which performed leg curl exercise in a dorsiflexed position performed a higher total training volume.<b>Highlights</b> Different ankle positions (i.e. dorsiflexion or plantarflexion) do not affect hamstrings EMG activity during prone leg curl exercise.Different ankle positions show similar adaptation in strength and hypertrophy of biceps femoris long head after 10 weeks of training.Training in the plantarflexed position may be useful for time-constrained individuals, allowing similar training adaptations with smaller training volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9543350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of preterm birth on physical fitness in early childhood.","authors":"Marcos D Martinez-Zamora,&nbsp;Pedro L Valenzuela,&nbsp;Inés Esteban Díez,&nbsp;Óscar Martínez-de-Quel","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2207082","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2207082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence suggests that preterm birth is associated with an impaired physical fitness later in life, but whether these effects are already visible since early childhood remains unknown. We aimed to compare the physical fitness of preterm preschoolers with that of children born at term. Children aged three to six years and born preterm (<35 weeks) were recruited from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and children born at term (>37 weeks) were included as controls. A variety of physical fitness indicators (strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, flexibility and balance) were assessed with the PREFIT battery and the adapted sit and reach test. Physical activity levels were measured through the PrePAQ questionnaire. A total of 98 preterm children (gestational age 32.4 ± 2.3 weeks, age 5.1 ± 0.8 years) and 74 controls (gestational age 39.9 ± 1.0 weeks, age 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were analysed. Despite no significant differences in physical activity levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05), preterm children showed an overall poorer physical fitness compared to controls. Specifically, preterm children had an impaired handgrip strength (-13.95%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), lower-limb muscle strength (-12.67%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), agility (-14.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (-12.73% <i>p</i> = 0.005) and flexibility (-17.04%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to controls. An inverse dose-response association was observed between the level of prematurity and physical fitness, with very preterm children (gestational age ≤32 weeks) presenting the poorest fitness levels. In summary, prematurity seems to impair physical fitness since early childhood, which might support the need for promoting preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and applying exercise interventions).<b>Highlights</b> Preterm children present an impaired physical fitness compared with peers born at term since early childhood (3-6 years), as reflected by lower muscle strength, agility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness.A greater impairment of physical fitness in observed in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation).These findings might support the implementation of preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and exercise training) in preterm children since early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9790039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response effect of a recreational team handball-based exercise programme on cardiometabolic health and physical fitness in inactive middle-aged-to-elderly males - a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Ivone Carneiro,&nbsp;Peter Krustrup,&nbsp;Carlo Castagna,&nbsp;Magni Mohr,&nbsp;José Magalhães,&nbsp;Rita Pereira,&nbsp;Rute Santos,&nbsp;Sandra Martins,&nbsp;João Tiago Guimarães,&nbsp;Eduardo Coelho,&nbsp;Susana Póvoas","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2213195","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2213195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed at examining the dose-response of a recreational team handball (TH) exercise-based programme on cardiometabolic health and physical fitness in inactive middle-aged-to-elderly males without TH experience. Fifty-four inactive middle-aged-to-elderly men (67.5 ± 4.2 years; stature 168.8 ± 6.2 cm; body mass 78.4 ± 10.7 kg; fat mass 27.1 ± 5.3%; BMI 27.4 ± 2.9 kg/m²; VO_2peak 27.3 ± 4.8 mL/min/kg) were randomised into three intervention groups performing 1 (TH1, <i>n</i> = 13), 2 (TH2, <i>n</i> = 15), or 3 (TH3, <i>n</i> = 12) 60-min weekly recreational TH-based training sessions, for 16 weeks, and a control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 14). A time x group interaction was observed for VO_2peak, aerobic performance, fasting plasma insulin and body and fat mass (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.043) with TH3 showing the greatest overall effects. Post-intervention differences were observed in aerobic performance (TH3>CG, TH1 and TH2; TH2>CG), body mass (TH3>CG and TH1), fat mass (TH3>CG), VO_2peak (TH3>CG) and plasma insulin (TH3>CG) (<i>p </i>≤ 0.040). In conclusion, recreational TH performed for 60-min thrice and twice per week results in improved aerobic performance for middle-aged-to-elderly men. Moreover, it was observed that three weekly sessions were more effective in providing overall cardiometabolic benefits compared to training with a lower weekly frequency. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05295511.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05295511.<b>Highlights:</b> We observed high intensities and fun levels during recreational TH, organised as formal and small-sided games, for middle-aged-to-elderly men during a 16-week period, independently of the number of weekly training sessions.Marked positive effects on aerobic performance and cardiometabolic health were observed in the intervention group that performed 3 weekly sessions.The study results indicate that recreational TH training with low frequency and volume results in some beneficial effects on cardiometabolic fitness and health for middle-aged-to-elderly men, but future studies with more participants or longer intervention periods are warranted to explore this possibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the intensity-duration relationships of the severe- and extreme-intensity exercise domains.","authors":"Andrew M Alexander, Logan M Hurla, Kaylin D Didier, Shane M Hammer, Korynne S Rollins, Thomas J Barstow","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2215723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2215723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme-intensity exercise is described by W'ext (analogous to J' for isometric exercise) that is smaller than W' of severe-intensity exercise (W'sev) in males. Sex differences in exercise tolerance appear to diminish at near-maximal exercise, however, there is evidence of greater contributions of peripheral fatigue (i.e. potentiated twitch force; Q_pot) in males during extreme-intensity exercise. Therefore, the current study tested the hypotheses that J'ext would not be different between males and females, however, males would exhibit a greater reduction in neuromuscular function (i.e. maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; Q_pot) following extreme-intensity exercise. Seven males and 7 females completed three severe- (T_lim: 2-4 min, S3; 5-8 min, S2; 9-15 min, S1) and three extreme-intensity (70, 80, 90%MVC) knee-extension bouts. MVC and Q_pot relative to baseline were compared at task failure and at 150 s of recovery. J'ext was significantly less than J'sev in males (2.4 ± 1.2kJ vs 3.9 ± 1.3kJ; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and females (1.6 ± 0.8kJ vs 2.9 ± 1.7kJ; <i>p</i> = 0.05); however, there were no sex differences in J'ext or J'sev. MVC (%Baseline) was greater at task failure following extreme-intensity exercise (76.5 ± 20.0% vs 51.5 ± 11.5% in males, 75.7 ± 19.4% vs 66.7 ± 17.4% in females), but was not different at 150 s of recovery (95.7 ± 11.8% in males, 91.1 ± 14.2% in females). Reduction in Q_pot, however, was greater in males (51.9 ± 16.3% vs 60.6 ± 15.5%) and was significantly correlated with J'ext (<i>r</i>² = 0.90, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Although there were no differences in the magnitude of J'ext, differences in MVC and Q_pot are evidence of sex-specific responses and highlight the importance of appropriately characterizing exercise intensity regarding exercise domains when comparing physiological responses in males and females.<b>Highlights</b> We have previously shown evidence that extreme-intensity dynamic exercise is described by W'ext in males and smaller than W'sev. We currently tested for potential sex differences in J'ext (isometric analogue to W') and neuromuscular responses (i.e. maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; potentiated twitch force, Q_pot) during extreme-intensity exercise.J'ext and extreme-intensity exercise tolerance was not different between males and females. The reduction in MVC was not different across extreme-intensity exercise across males and females, whereas the reduction in Q_pot was greater in males following all extreme-intensity exercises, although not after exercise at 90%MVC.Together, although extreme-intensity exercise tolerance is not different, these data highlight differences in the contributing mechanisms of fatigue during severe- and extreme-intensity exercise between males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9651045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of exergames programme to modify body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with down syndrome after COVID-19 quarantine.","authors":"Borja Suarez-Villadat,&nbsp;Kabir Sadarangani,&nbsp;Ariel Villagra","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2214805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17461391.2023.2214805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>to determine the effect of a 20-week exergame program on different indicators of body composition and components of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods and Procedures Outcomes: 49 adolescents (19 female and 30 males; average age, 14.19 ± 2.06 years) with Down syndrome were recruited and randomized to two groups (control group vs. intervention group). Adolescents allocated in the control group carried out a physical activity program three times a week for 20 weeks meanwhile adolescents allocated in the exercise group performed an exergame program three times a week for 20 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exercise group had significant improvements in all health-related physical fitness variables and there is an improvement in some body composition variables (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>20 week exergame program consisting of 3 sessions of 60 minutes is able to improve levels of body composition and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome.<b>Highlights</b> Research in body composition and health-related physical fitness of people with Down syndrome has revealed that an exergame programme increases levels of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndromeAn exergame programme can improve differences in markers of body composition between the control group and the intervention groupThe intervention group that performed the exergame programme showed increases in health-related physical fitness levels after 20 weeks of intervention.The control group that performed a based on developing motor behaviour programme did not show differences in body composition or health-related physical fitness after 20 weeks of intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9534879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}