European journal of preventive cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Associations of visit-to-visit lipid variability with coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular event in statin-naïve Koreans.","authors":"Jeonggyu Kang, Byung Jin Kim","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf191","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study investigated the association of visit-to-visit lipid variability with both coronary artery calcification (CAC) and cardiovascular event risk among statin-naïve individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 59 879 participants whose lipid profiles were measured 4-6 times before or on the day of CAC scanning and a cohort study of 85 359 individuals who underwent at least five lipid tests with additional follow-up to identify cardiovascular events. Lipid variability was quantified using standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and variability independent of the mean (VIM). Cardiovascular events were identified using self-reported coronary artery disease and stroke. Among lipid profiles, the highest quartile of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) variability (VIM) showed a 1.42-fold increased CAC score [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-1.65] compared to the lowest quartile. Furthermore, the VIM for total cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was positively associated with CAC scores. During a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 664 cases of cardiovascular events were identified. Among the lipid profiles, only LDL-C variability was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, with a hazard ratio of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.13-1.75) for those with the highest VIM variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that visit-to-visit lipid variability is independently associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in statin-naïve individuals. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential implications of lipid variability and consider monitoring lipid fluctuations as part of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"1247-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol, the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease: lessons from CHARLS.","authors":"Marcio Miname, Raul D Santos","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf345","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"1166-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in remnant cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease: a national longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Xiaoqing Zhu, Weihao Xu, Benchuan Hao, Qi Chen, Zhenyu Xiong, Qingsong Wang, Xiaofei Hou, Yundai Chen, Jun Guo, Tao Chen","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Remnant cholesterol (RC) has been recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between long-term changes in RC during follow-up and incident CVD remains underexplored, with most research focusing on baseline RC levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this prospective cohort study were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). RC levels were calculated using the Friedewald equation. Changes in RC, cumulative RC, and the change in RC (ΔRC) were assessed by comparing RC levels at Waves 1 and 3. Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to evaluate the impact of baseline and dynamic RC levels on incident CVD risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,866 participants (46.23% male, mean age: 57.50 years) followed for 5.0 years, participants with initially high RC who decreased to low levels showed reduced CVD risk (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.94). Those with low baseline RC escalating to high levels showed similar risk (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.68-1.06) compared to consistently high RC levels. Highest tertile cumulative RC significantly increased CVD risk (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.69). Among high baseline RC participants, those in the lowest ΔRC tertile had reduced CVD risk (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal RC increases were associated with higher CVD risks, while RC reductions were associated with decreased risks. RC monitoring and management may contribute to CVD risk assessment and prevention, though further research with direct RC measurement and clinically validated outcomes is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latest research on cholesterol and cardiovascular prevention.","authors":"Hanne M Boen, Victor Aboyans","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":"32 13","pages":"1133-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High remnant cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in healthy women and men aged 70-100.","authors":"Julie Riis, Børge G Nordestgaard, Shoaib Afzal","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf092","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>High remnant cholesterol has been increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, uncertainty remains regarding this association in old age. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher remnant cholesterol is associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in healthy women and men aged 70-100.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A total of 90,875 women (57%) and men aged 20-100 and without ASCVD, diabetes, or lipid-lowering therapy at baseline were included in the Copenhagen General Population Study in 2003-15. During a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 7352 were diagnosed with ASCVD. Incidence rates and hazard ratios were calculated according to age and sex. The highest incidence rate of ASCVD was observed in individuals aged 70-100 with a remnant cholesterol level >1.0 mmol/L (>39 mg/dL) [23 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21-25]. Likewise, incidence rates of ASCVD per 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol were highest in individuals aged 70-100. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.20-1.44) in those aged 70-100, which was comparable with hazard ratios in younger age groups. Similar relationships were observed for women and men separately.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher remnant cholesterol was associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in those aged 70-100. The present results suggest that while relative rates of ASCVD for high vs. low remnant cholesterol do not increase with higher age, elevated remnant cholesterol contribute substantially to the absolute risk of ASCVD at age 70-100.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"1169-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Every step counts - and more steps count more for cardiovascular event prevention in hypertension.","authors":"Lucas Lauder, Otmar Pfister","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking cardiovascular prevention: cost-effective cholesterol lowering for statin-intolerant patients in Australia and the UK.","authors":"Jedidiah I Morton, Danny Liew, Gerald F Watts, Sophia Zoungas, Stephen J Nicholls, Padraig Dixon, Zanfina Ademi","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Approximately 1 in 11 people are intolerant to statins. There have been no studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of early intervention for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with three non-statin drugs [ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i; inclisiran and evolocumab), and bempedoic acid]. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these therapies when initiated at age 40 years.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We used a published microsimulation model populated with 108 statin-intolerant individuals. The model simulated the ageing of individuals from 40 to 85 years. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio when non-statin lipid-lowering strategies were initiated at age 40 years compared to no intervention until a cardiovascular event. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were compared to Australian and UK cost-effectiveness thresholds of 28 000 AUD and 25 000 GBP per quality adjusted life year gained, respectively. We adopted each countries national healthcare system perspective (2022 AUD/GBP) and discounted health economic results by 5% annually for Australia and 3.5% annually for the UK. At current prices in Australia, ezetimibe was cost-effective in 34/108 (31.4%) individuals simulated; bempedoic acid in 17/108 (15.7%); bempedoic acid and ezetimibe in combination in 14/108 (13.0%); while inclisiran and evolocumab were not cost-effective in any individuals. Corresponding numbers for the UK were 98/108 (90.7%); 5/108 (4.6%); 11/108 (10.2%); 0/108 (0.0%); and 0/108 (0.0%). Cost-effectiveness of bempedoic acid was predominantly among individuals with an LDL-C of at least 4.0 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg in Australia and 5.0 mmol/L and 160 mmHg in the UK, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ezetimibe and bempedoic acid, both alone and in combination, are cost-effective for long-term primary prevention of CVD in a range of people with statin intolerance, depending on their baseline risk of CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"1259-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to lipid lowering therapy in primary prevention: talk with the patient, again and again.","authors":"Gisle Langslet","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf260","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"1216-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit of Icosapent Ethyl Across Types and Sizes of Myocardial Infarction in REDUCE-IT.","authors":"Chen Gurevitz, Deepak L Bhatt, Robert P Giugliano, Ph Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot A Brinton, Terry A Jacobson, Steven B Ketchum, Armando Lira Pineda, Ralph T Doyle, Gabriella Giugliano, R Preston Mason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Fabrice M A C Martens, Christie M Ballantyne, Matthew J Budoff, C Michael Gibson","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We studied the efficacy and safety of icosapent ethyl (IPE) 4g daily in reducing the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) across different MI subtypes and sizes, among REDUCE-IT high-risk patients with hypertriglyceridemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>REDUCE-IT was a phase 3b, double-blind multicenter trial. Patients with established CVD or diabetes who were treated with statins and had moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to receive IPE 4g daily or placebo. The current analysis focused on MI subtypes (fatal MI, nonfatal MI, ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI)), as well as MI size (measured by multiples of troponin upper limit of normal) and MI-related complications. Safety outcomes included treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs), bleeding, atrial fibrillation, and flutter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 5.7 years follow-up, MI incidence was lower with IPE compared with placebo (8.6% vs 12.0%), hazard ratio (HR) 0.69 (95% CI 0.58-0.81, P<0.0001). STEMI incidence was lower with IPE (2.7% vs 3.9%, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.81, P=0.0008), as was NSTEMI incidence (5.9% vs 7.8%, HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.89, P=0.001). Fatal and nonfatal MIs were reduced with IPE (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-1.01, P=0.05 and HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.82, P<0.0001, respectively). Stratification by size revealed IPE reduced most MIs, but the protective effect was higher for larger MIs (P<0.0001). Further analyses showed benefits in MI-related outcomes, including reductions in spontaneous MI and MI-related complications. Among patients who developed MI, safety outcomes showed no significant increase in serious bleeding, atrial fibrillation or flutter, or adverse events with IPE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IPE significantly reduced MI across most subtypes and sizes in statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides at increased cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01492361.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of strategies to improve adherence to lipid-lowering therapy in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Kristyn Whitmore, Zhen Zhou, Costan G Magnussen, Mark R Nelson, Melinda J Carrington","doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf237","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor adherence to lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is a major barrier in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. The burden of CVD can be significantly reduced by LLT, particularly in populations with high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Despite established benefits from LLT, efforts to improve adherence have had varying degrees of success in the primary prevention. Adherence is a multifactorial process and requires tailored strategies to address an individual's specific needs. Despite numerous studies exploring strategies to improve medication adherence, empirical evidence indicates that adherence to LLT remains a persistent challenge. Strategies used to improve long-term LLT adherence in the primary prevention can be grouped into four themes: (i) individualized CV education; (ii) emotional engagement with CV prevention; (iii) mobile health prompts; and (iv) approaches to improving patient acceptability of LLT. This review will revisit the strategies used to improve LLT adherence in the primary prevention of CVD and evaluate their effectiveness in promoting long-term adherence. Future perspectives for enhancing LLT adherence will explore the application of behavioural economic principles to facilitate shared decision-making, the development of novel communication strategies, and implementation of targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12051,"journal":{"name":"European journal of preventive cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"1204-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}