European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Development of soil spectroscopy models for the Western Highveld region, South Africa: Why do we need local data?","authors":"Anru-Louis Kock,&nbsp;Prudence Dimakatso Ramphisa-Nghondzweni,&nbsp;George Van Zijl","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing global demand for sustainable agriculture requires accurate and efficient soil analysis methods. Conventional laboratory techniques are often time-consuming, costly and environmentally damaging. To address this challenge, we developed and validated locally calibrated mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy models for predicting key soil properties pH, phosphorus (P) and exchangeable cations in soil samples from South Africa's Western Highveld region, using a dataset of 979 soil samples and machine learning algorithms Cubist, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF). A subset of spectra was also submitted to the newly developed Open Soil Spectral Library's (OSSL) prediction models to determine whether global prediction models could be used for local soil property prediction. Accurate predictions for pH, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), with coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) values exceeding 0.76 were obtained with the local calibration algorithms. The predictions for P, potassium (K) and sodium (Na) did not meet the requirements for reliability. Soil spectroscopic prediction models calibrated with local soils outperformed the corresponding global prediction models considered. The OSSL prediction results were inaccurate, with a RPIQ &lt;1, and consistently underpredicted all soil properties. Furthermore, the OSSL collection of prediction models does not include a pH (KCl) model, the routinely used pH measurement method in South Africa. These findings highlight the importance of local calibration for accurate soil property prediction and underscore the need for regional representation in global spectral libraries. This research serves as the first local calibration of MIR spectroscopy models for the Western Highveld region of South Africa and provides a foundation for future local soil property inference model development. It also serves as a potential starting point for a comprehensive South African soil spectral library that can be contributed to global spectral libraries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of metrics to reveal the role of soil fauna in soil health assessment in peat meadow restoration","authors":"Charlie Mioulet,&nbsp;Maarten Schrama,&nbsp;Matty P. Berg,&nbsp;S. Emilia Hannula","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the nuances of soil health is more important than ever to improve the quality and sustainability of agroecosystems. However, it is poorly understood how the variety of metrics currently in use to evaluate soil health relate to each other, and in what situations their use is not sensitive enough to indicate environmental changes. The use of faunal co-occurrence networks is a novel, potentially valuable tool that has hitherto received little attention in the context of soil health. Here, we used a meadow land-use intensity gradient to compare the response of a number of soil community metrics, including chemical and ecological indicators as well as faunal co-occurrence network parameters. Our findings indicate that the examined metrics displayed distinct, often contrasting patterns to one another, and that network analysis detected patterns that strongly aligned with the land-use effects. This pattern was qualitatively different from patterns arising from traditionally used metrics. The soils with conventional farming, that is, the least regenerative land-use, generally scored well in traditionally used metrics, including C:N ratio, faunal abundance and the ratio of Acari to Collembola. Regenerative farming was comparable with conventional farming in all conventional metrics—however, network analysis revealed that the soil faunal communities under regenerative farming had the highest species connectivity out of all research areas potentially due to grazing increasing the connectivity of faunal networks. Overall, these results suggest that network analyses are best suited to capture subtle land-use intensity differences while traditional metrics performed well in big changes. While more research is needed to better interpret soil faunal co-occurrence networks, our findings imply that it could be a useful method to provide further insight in aspects of soil health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of Fe-humic acids to overcome analytical issues in measurements of isotopically exchangeable P in soil","authors":"Fien Degryse,&nbsp;William Tucker,&nbsp;Michael J. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Isotopic dilution has been widely used to measure isotopically exchangeable phosphorus (P) in soil (<i>E</i> value), as a measure of potentially plant-available P. However, in soils with low <i>E</i> values and/or strong P sorption, measurement of <i>E</i> values can be challenging due to very low solution concentrations and the interference of colloidal non-exchangeable species, thus confounding the measurements in the soils of most interest. The addition of a complexing compound could increase solution concentrations and reduce these analytical issues, as has been found in the case of metals. Therefore, we investigated the addition of Fe-humic acid (Fe-HA) as a P-complexing compound to the soil suspension prior to isotopic exchange. This results in the formation of P-Fe-HA complexes, thus increasing P solution concentrations by solubilizing P from the labile pool and reducing errors caused by suspended colloids. We used this method to measure <i>E</i> values in five soils with low P status, without or with the addition of carrier P. The addition of Fe-HA (at 50 or 200 mg Fe-HA/L to the equilibration solution) substantially decreased the measured <i>E</i> value without carrier P addition in four of the five soils, while there was no or little effect when carrier P was added. The higher Fe-HA rate increased solution concentrations of stable and radioactive P more than the lower rate, but there was no significant difference in measured <i>E</i> values between the two Fe-HA rates. The method was also applied to 15 subsoils with low P status. Overall, our results indicated that the addition of Fe-HA provides an easy and robust way to avoid analytical issues in the determination of <i>E</i> values in soils with low concentrations of P in solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easily mobilized metals and acidity in acid sulfate soils across the Swedish coastal plains","authors":"Alexandra Nyman,&nbsp;Anton Boman,&nbsp;Anders Johnson,&nbsp;Mark Dopson,&nbsp;Mats E. Åström","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acid sulfate soils are found globally and have significant environmental impact as a source for metals and acidity to surrounding streams that can cause, for example, large-scale fish kills. In the face of changing climate and its effect on groundwater fluctuations, the environmental risk associated with these soils needs to be thoroughly investigated. This study examined the water-soluble concentrations of multiple elements from the oxidized, transition and reduced zones of acid sulfate soil profiles situated on the Swedish coastal plains. By comparing untreated (naturally oxidized in field) and incubated samples from these zones, we gain insight into the current and near-future mobilization and leaching of acidity and metals that occur in these soils. The results showed that concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, S and Zn mobilized from incubated samples were about an order of magnitude higher than from the untreated samples. Notably, the concentrations of mobilized Co, Mn and Ni were higher than released by 1 M HCl at the same sites, highlighting the particularly high mobility of these metals from in situ oxidation of acid sulfate soils. Conversely, Fe and Cu showed lower than expected water-soluble concentrations and were also low compared to the 1 M HCl-extractable element concentrations, likely due to rapid re-mobilization of secondary Fe minerals. Arsenic, Cr and Pb showed overall low water-soluble concentrations in both the incubated and untreated samples, consistent with these elements not being abundantly leached from acid sulfate soils. This observation was further supported by the retention of these metals in secondary Fe-mineral phases such as jarosite and schwertmannite as reported in previous studies. A strong correlation between acidity and near-total S indicated that S can serve as an indicator for the acidification risks associated with acid sulfate soil oxidation. Overall, the findings demonstrated that even a small lowering of the groundwater table can lead to significant mobilization of metals and acidity. This highlights the increased risks of environmental degradation in the face of climate change and intensified drainage operations and, thus, the need for proper management to reduce the risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Shifting gears ain't easy’: Disciplinary resistances to perspective shifts in soil science and how to move forward","authors":"Philippe C. Baveye,&nbsp;Wilfred Otten,&nbsp;Iain Young","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last decade, the fact that novel perspectives on various aspects of soils have remained strongly controversial long after they emerged, without any kind of consensus being reached about them, raises question about the underlying reasons for this phenomenon. The on-going debate on the usefulness of aggregates to describe the functions of soils illustrates some of the key aspects of that question. Similar debates on other soil-related issues also appear stalled, or have been for a long time and are only now moving forward. This might suggest a fundamental aversion to change, which when it gets overcome, only does so slowly. However, at the same time, somewhat surprisingly, researchers appear willing to quickly seize opportunities provided by new idea or novel perspectives on other topics. In that context, the objective of the present article is to analyse in detail what may cause such contrasting reactions to novelty. We consider, then ultimately dismiss, explanations based on how strongly or not novel perspectives have been actively promoted, on how access to suitable technology may impede or only slow down perspective shifts and on whether a recent theory of the ‘slowed canonical progress in large fields of science’ applies to the relatively small soil science community. Then, taking soil aggregates as a case in point, we come to realize that it is the extent to which a novel perspective mandates an interdisciplinary approach that determines whether or not it is adopted quickly. From that standpoint, we envisage a number of practical actions that could be taken to facilitate in the future the emergence in soil science of interdisciplinary research efforts, which we argue are absolutely essential to successfully tackle the enormous complexity of soils and to come up with satisfactory answers to the daunting environmental and food security problems we currently face in their management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover cropping in organic reduced tillage systems: Maximizing soil cover or plant above ground biomass input?","authors":"Simon Oberholzer,&nbsp;Klaus A. Jarosch,&nbsp;Nadine Harder,&nbsp;Markus Steffens,&nbsp;Chinwe Ifejika Speranza","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover crops are grown between two main crops to reduce periods of bare fallow. In highly diverse crop rotations, the lengths of break periods between two main crops vary highly over time and consequently the cover cropping management differs from year to year. Long-term field trials are thus of limited use because the same cover cropping approach only appears once in several years. This increases the need to better determine the immediate effects of different cover cropping strategies on soil properties. This study evaluated two cover cropping strategies and monitored the temporal development of several soil properties on six fields in Eastern Switzerland in the 9 months period between harvest of winter wheat and sowing of spring crops. The two tested strategies were (a) double cover cropping (DCC) where two cover crops mixtures were grown subsequently and shallowly (3 cm) incorporated into the topsoil and (b) permanent soil cover (PSC) with one grass-clover mixture, which was harvested and thus not incorporated into the soil. Soil samples at three different soil depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm) were sampled four times in high spatial resolution and analysed using a combined approach of visible near infrared spectroscopy and conventional lab methods. Differences between the sampling times and field sites were stronger than effects of different treatments. For soil organic carbon (SOC), no significant difference was measured between treatments in 0–20 cm soil depth. Only when analysed per depth segment, the PSC treatment showed significantly higher SOC increase in 5–10 cm soil depth than the DCC treatment. This could be due to the longer soil cover and thereby associated longer root growth period in the PSC treatment, leading to higher below ground C inputs than in the DCC treatment. On the other hand, the DCC treatment showed generally higher increases in permanganate oxidizable carbon stocks (0–5 cm), microbial C (0–10 cm), microbial N (0–10 cm) and mineral N (0–10 cm) than the PSC treatment. We conclude that maximizing cover crop above ground biomass input by planting two cover crops (DCC) benefitted soil microorganisms on most fields but was less beneficial on SOC than permanent soil cover (PSC) in 5–10 cm soil depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No relationship between outputs of simple humus balance calculators (VDLUFA and STAND) and soil organic carbon trends","authors":"Shauna-kay Rainford,&nbsp;Jens Leifeld,&nbsp;Sonja Siegl,&nbsp;Steffen Hagenbucher,&nbsp;Judith Riedel,&nbsp;Thomas Gross,&nbsp;Urs Niggli,&nbsp;Sonja G. Keel","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Simple humus balance calculators were developed for farmers and consultants to determine the best crop rotation and amount of organic fertilizer required to improve soil quality and prevent nutrient leaching in croplands. Although the potential of these tools to infer the impact of different agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in croplands is not well studied, they have been integrated in several farm-level climate or environmental impact assessment calculators. Here we examine the correlation between humus balance values estimated with two different tools developed in Germany/Central Europe and observed changes in SOC content at 14 long-term sites in Switzerland. The first tool was developed by the Association of German Agricultural Investigation and Research Institutes and is referred to as the VDLUFA. The humus balance calculator STAND is a descendent of the VDLUFA that accounts for pedoclimatic factors in Central Europe. Crop rotations were distinguished based on cultivation practice, whereby those with mixed fertilization were supplied with mineral fertilizer alone and in combination with organic materials, while those with organic fertilization include unfertilized and organic fertilizer treatments. An analysis of 133 short-term observations (i.e. individual crop rotations of five and 6-year duration) and 26 long-term observations (i.e. several crop rotations with a total duration of ≥10 years) showed that humus balance values (kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) of short-term crop rotations were not or only poorly correlated with the observed change in SOC content (%) (<i>R</i>² = 0.06 in STAND and <i>R</i>² = 0.05 in VDLUFA for crop rotations with organic fertilization, and <i>R</i>² &lt; 0.01 for crop rotations with mixed fertilization). The correlation did not improve when the humus balance values of long-term observations with mixed fertilization were compared with decadal SOC development (<i>R</i>² = 0.04 for STAND and <i>R</i>² = 0.06 for the VDLUFA). Stronger correlations were found only for long-term observations with organic fertilization (<i>R</i>² = 0.68 for STAND and <i>R</i>² = 0.64 for the VDLUFA). These findings underline that while the studied humus balance calculators are able to distinguish the effect of different fertilizers (organic vs. mineral) on a farm's humus supply on the longer term, neither are suited for predicting SOC trends over single crop rotations. Although this study was carried out in Switzerland, the results should apply to any region with temperate climate and similar soil properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A GSD-driven approach to deriving stochastic soil strength parameters under hybrid machine learning models","authors":"Hu Jiang,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Qiang Zou,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Junfang Cui,&nbsp;Jianyi Cheng,&nbsp;Bin Zhou,&nbsp;Siyu Chen,&nbsp;Wentao Zhou,&nbsp;Hongkun Yao","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quantification of soil strength parameters is a crucial prerequisite for constructing physical models related to hydro-geophysical processes. However, due to ignoring soil spatial variability at different scales, traditional parameter assignment strategies, such as assigning values depending on land use classification or other classification systems, as well as those extrapolation and interpolation methods, are insufficient for physical process modelling. This work addressed this deficiency by proposing a method to derive stochastic soil strength parameters under hybrid machine learning (ML) models, taking into account the grain-size distribution (GSD) of soil with scaling invariance. The nonlinear connection between GSD parameters (derived from GSD curves, such as <i>μ</i> and <i>D</i>_c), moisture content, and soil shear strength parameters was fitted by the suggested hybrid ML model. An analysis of a case study revealed that: (i) the Multi-layer Perceptron optimized by the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) algorithm performs the best and can estimate the shear strength parameters of soil mass on vegetated slopes; (ii) all the selected ML models showed significant improvements in predictive performance after optimization with the AVOA, with <i>R</i>² scores increasing by 24.72% for Support Vector Regressor, 34.04% for eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and 35.53% for Multi-layer Perceptron; and (iii) soil cohesion has an increasing relationship with the GSD parameter <i>μ</i>, while soil internal friction angle has a negative correlation with the grain-size parameter <i>D</i>_c. The proposed methodology can give predictions of soil shear strength distribution parameters, providing parameter support for the physical modelling of surface process dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further reduction in soil bacterial diversity under severe acidification in European temperate forests","authors":"Mélody Rousseau,&nbsp;Andjin Siegenthaler,&nbsp;Andrew K. Skidmore,&nbsp;G. Arjen de Groot,&nbsp;Ivo Laros","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite a decrease in industrial nitrogen and sulfur deposition over recent decades, soil acidification remains a persistent challenge to European forest health, especially in regions of intense agriculture and urbanisation. Using topsoil eDNA metabarcoding and functional annotations from a sample of 49 plots (each 30 × 30 m) located in The Netherlands and Germany, we investigated the effect of severe acidification on bacterial taxonomic diversity under different forest types and explored potential functional implications for nutrient cycling. Furthermore, we assessed which soil parameters known to influence soil bacterial communities affect these acidophilic communities. Here, we are the first to demonstrate under natural conditions that soil bacterial diversity in extremely acidic soils (pH &lt;4.5) continues to decline similarly across forest types as pH further decreases under intensifying human activity. Our results confirmed pH as the key driver of soil bacterial communities, even in extremely acidic soils. Ongoing severe acidification continues to reduce bacterial communities, favouring taxa adapted to extreme acidity and primarily involved in recalcitrant carbon-degradation compounds (e.g. cellulolysis potential = 0.78%–9.99%) while simultaneously diminishing taxa associated with nitrogen cycling (e.g. fixation potential = 6.72%–0.00%). Altogether, our findings indicate a further decline in bacterial diversity in already extremely acidic soils, likely disrupting nutrient cycling through changes in immobilisation and mineralisation processes. Our study highlights the continuous acidification of European temperate forests to extremely low pH levels, further disrupting forest ecosystem functioning. The significant reduction in bacterial diversity under such a severe acidification gradient, as demonstrated here, underscores the necessity to include severely acidified forests in conservation programmes and monitoring to prevent further degradation of European soils beyond repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of brackish water inundation on temperate coastal acid sulfate soils under different vegetation types","authors":"Chang Xu,&nbsp;Rahul Ram,&nbsp;Vanessa N. L. Wong","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coastal wetland soils are frequently underlain by sulfidic materials. Sea level fluctuations can lead to oxidation of sulfidic materials in acid sulfate soils (ASS) and increased acidity which mobilises trace metals when water levels are low, and inundation of coastal wetland soils and reformation of sulfidic materials when water levels are high. We measured the effect of surface water level fluctuations in soils from coastal wetland sites under four different vegetation types: <i>Apium gravedens</i> (AG), <i>Leptospermum lanigerum</i> (LL), <i>Phragmites australis</i> (PA) and <i>Paspalum distichum</i> (PD) on an estuarine floodplain in southern Australia. We assessed effects of fluctuating water levels on reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) in terms of acid volatile sulfide (AVS), chromium reducible sulfur (CRS) and trace metals (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Ni). Intact soil cores were incubated under dry, flooded and wet–dry cycle treatments of 14 days for a total of 56 days. The flooded treatment increased RIS concentrations in most depths in the AG, PA and PD sites. Lower CRS concentrations occurred in all sites in the dry treatment due to oxidation of sulfidic materials when the surface layer was exposed to lower water levels. CRS was positively correlated with SOC in all treatments. The highest net acidity occurred in the dry treatment and lowest occurred in the flooded treatment in most sites. Inundation with seawater caused SO₄²⁻ reduction and decreased soluble Fe in the PA and PD sites. General decreases in Al, Zn and Ni concentrations in flooded treatments may have been due to adsorption onto colloids or co-precipitation with slight increases in pH. SO₄²⁻ concentrations decreased in the LL, PA and PD sites in the flooded treatment due to reformation of pyrite. In general, accumulation of RIS in soils under different vegetation types following brackish water inundation varied according to vegetation type, which may be linked to differences in organic material input and particle size distribution. Geochemical characteristics reflected whether oxidation or reduction processes dominated at each site in the wet–dry cycle treatments, with oxidation dominating in the LL and PA sites and reduction dominating in the AG and PD sites. This is likely due to more readily decomposable organic matter forming sulfidic materials during short periods of inundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}