Effects of 20 Years of Contrasting Tillage on Distribution of Ammonia Oxidisers and Denitrifiers Within Soil Aggregates

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE
Kristina Ocvirk, Sara Pintarič, Anton Govednik, Klemen Eler, Rok Mihelič, Marjetka Suhadolc
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Microbial functional groups are heterogeneously distributed between soil aggregate fractions, which is strongly influenced by soil microenvironmental conditions. Intensive tillage practices disrupt soil aggregates, altering microbial niches and potentially affecting nitrogen (N) transformations, including processes leading to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This study aimed to identify linkages between soil aggregation and microbial community functional composition using field samples after 20 years of differential tillage management: conventional mouldboard tillage (CT) and noninversion minimum tillage (MT). Soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and the abundance of total bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities and N-functional guilds, were examined in two types of samples: (i) bulk soil and (ii) soil aggregates within three soil fractions: large macroaggregates (4–8 mm), mid-sized macroaggregates (2–4 mm) and small macroaggregates (< 2 mm) in relation to tillage system and soil depth. Our results revealed that MT led to an accumulation of SOC in the upper 0–10 cm of bulk soil. At the same depth, the mid-sized and small macroaggregates exhibited significantly higher SOC content compared to the large macroaggregates. While the mean diameter of aggregates did not significantly change under MT compared to CT, the stability of aggregates improved significantly compared to CT in both observed fractions (1–2 and 2–4 mm) at both depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm). Total bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities' abundance was significantly higher under MT than in CT. Among aggregate size fractions, the highest abundance of total bacteria and fungi was observed in the smallest macroaggregate fraction in the topsoil of MT. Nitrifier and denitrifier communities were more abundant under MT in the 0–10 cm soil layer than in CT and decreased with increasing sampling depth. Among the N-functional genes examined, our results indicated a trend towards higher abundances of bacterial amoA and nosZI genes in small macroaggregates within the MT 0–10 cm layer. AOA/AOB and nosZI/nosZII ratios increased with depth within MT, indicating tillage-specific niche differentiation as a result of changed environmental conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that MT influences aggregate stability and the abundance of N-cycling guilds but does not significantly alter their distribution across different soil macroaggregate size fractions.

20年对比耕作对土壤团聚体中氨氧化剂和反硝化物分布的影响
土壤团聚体组分间微生物功能群分布不均,受土壤微环境条件影响较大。集约耕作破坏土壤团聚体,改变微生物生态位,并可能影响氮(N)转化,包括导致一氧化二氮(N2O)排放的过程。本研究旨在通过20年的差动耕作管理(传统的模板耕作(CT)和非翻转最少耕作(MT)后的田间样本,确定土壤团聚体与微生物群落功能组成之间的联系。土壤性质,包括土壤有机碳(SOC)和总细菌、古细菌和真菌群落丰度以及n功能行会,在两种类型的样品中进行了研究:(i)散装土壤和(ii)土壤团聚体在三个土壤组分中:大团聚体(4-8 mm),中型团聚体(2 - 4 mm)和小团聚体(< 2 mm)与耕作制度和土壤深度的关系。结果表明,MT在0 ~ 10 cm的块状土壤中导致有机碳的积累。在相同深度下,中小团聚体的有机碳含量显著高于大团聚体。虽然与CT相比,MT下团聚体的平均直径没有显著变化,但在深度(0-10和10-20 cm)的两个观察分数(1-2和2-4 mm)中,团聚体的稳定性都比CT显著提高。MT处理下细菌、古细菌和真菌群落的总丰度显著高于CT处理。在团聚体大小分数中,耕层土壤中总细菌和真菌的丰度在最小的大团聚体分数中最高。耕层土壤中0-10 cm土层的硝化菌和反硝化菌群落丰度高于耕层土壤,且随取样深度的增加而减少。在检测的n -功能基因中,我们的结果表明,在MT 0-10 cm层的小宏观聚集体中,细菌amoA和nosZI基因的丰度呈较高的趋势。AOA/AOB和nosZI/nosZII比值随MT内深度的增加而增加,表明环境条件的变化导致了耕作特定生态位的分化。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,MT影响团聚体稳定性和n循环行会的丰度,但不会显著改变它们在不同土壤大团聚体粒径组分中的分布。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Science
European Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: The EJSS is an international journal that publishes outstanding papers in soil science that advance the theoretical and mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions in soils acting from molecular to continental scales in natural and managed environments.
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