European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Application of a Handheld Near Infrared Spectrophotometer to Farm-Scale Soil Carbon Monitoring","authors":"Jonathan Sanderman,&nbsp;Colleen Partida,&nbsp;José Lucas Safanelli,&nbsp;Keith Shepherd,&nbsp;Yufeng Ge,&nbsp;Sadia Mannan Mitu,&nbsp;Richard Ferguson","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent advances in hardware technology have enabled the development of handheld sensors with comparable performance to laboratory-grade near-infrared (NIR) spectroradiometers. In this study, we explored the effect of the uncertainty from the NeoSpectra Scanner Handheld NIR Analyzer (Si-Ware) on estimating farm-level soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at three small farms in Massachusetts, USA. A field campaign conducted in Falmouth, MA, collected 192 soil samples from three farms at depths of 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm. All samples were scanned both in the field at field moisture and under laboratory conditions after being dried and sieved. Samples were analysed for SOC via elemental analysis, while bulk density was determined after weighing the dry fine earth sampled with cylindrical cores in the field. Several strategies for spectral prediction were tested for estimating SOC content and bulk density (BD) using both moist and dry scans, including testing the application of prebuilt models from the Open Soil Spectral Library. Cubist was used to train all models, and conformal prediction was used to estimate the prediction intervals to one standard deviation. The Cholesky decomposition algorithm allowed us to consider the correlation between variables over the three depth layers during uncertainty propagation with Monte Carlo to come up with robust estimates of field-scale SOC stocks and uncertainty. This analysis revealed that spectroscopy predictions, although less precise, can detect the same statistical patterns in SOC stock across farms at a large cost savings compared with the traditional analytical methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Plant Residues Do Not Have an Immediate Impact on Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Abundance”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yuan, C., Z. Sun, and J. Li. 2023. Plant Residues Do Not Have an Immediate Impact on Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Abundance. <i>European Journal of Soil Science</i> 74, e13365.</p><p>In Correspondence on the first page, the text ‘Sun Yet-sen University’ was incorrect. This should have read: ‘Sun Yat-sen University’.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Soil Texture on the Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon From Sentinel-2 Temporal Mosaics at 34 European Sites","authors":"J. Wetterlind,&nbsp;M. Simmler,&nbsp;F. Castaldi,&nbsp;L. Borůvka,&nbsp;J. L. Gabriel,&nbsp;L. C. Gomes,&nbsp;V. Khosravi,&nbsp;C. Kıvrak,&nbsp;M. H. Koparan,&nbsp;A. Lázaro-López,&nbsp;A. Łopatka,&nbsp;F. Liebisch,&nbsp;J. A. Rodriguez,&nbsp;A. Ö. Savaş,&nbsp;B. Stenberg,&nbsp;T. Tunçay,&nbsp;I. Vinci,&nbsp;J. Volungevičius,&nbsp;R. Žydelis,&nbsp;E. Vaudour","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multispectral imaging satellites such as Sentinel-2 are considered a possible tool to assist in the mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC) using images of bare soil. However, the reported results are variable. The measured reflectance of the soil surface is not only related to SOC but also to several other environmental and edaphic factors. Soil texture is one such factor that strongly affects soil reflectance. Depending on the spatial correlation with SOC, the influence of soil texture may improve or hinder the estimation of SOC from spectral data. This study aimed to investigate these influences using local models at 34 sites in different pedo-climatic zones across 10 European countries. The study sites were individual agricultural fields or a few fields in close proximity. For each site, local models to predict SOC and the clay particle size fraction were developed using the Sentinel-2 temporal mosaics of bare soil images. Overall, predicting SOC and clay was difficult, and prediction performances with a ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) &gt; 1.5 were observed at 8 and 12 of the 34 sites for SOC and clay, respectively. A general relationship between SOC prediction performance and the correlation of SOC and clay in soil was evident but explained only a small part of the large variability we observed in SOC prediction performance across the sites. Adding information on soil texture as additional predictors improved SOC prediction on average, but the additional benefit varied strongly between the sites. The average relative importance of the different Sentinel-2 bands in the SOC and clay models indicated that spectral information in the red and far-red regions of the visible spectrum was more important for SOC prediction than for clay prediction. The opposite was true for the region around 2200 nm, which was more important in the clay models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contents in Soil Organic Matter Fractions Along an Elevation Gradient in the French Alps","authors":"Lise Marchal,&nbsp;Noelia Garcia-Franco,&nbsp;David Gateuille,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Colocho Hurtarte,&nbsp;Christopher Just,&nbsp;Emmanuel Naffrechoux,&nbsp;Martin Wiesmeier,&nbsp;Jérôme Poulenard","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants that accumulate in soils because of their high affinity for soil organic matter (SOM). As these pollutants are toxic to humans and the environment, a better understanding of their fate in the environment is required. This study aimed to assess the PAH distribution within soils according to different soil fractions: the free particulate organic matter (fPOM), the occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) and the mineral-associated organic matter (MaOM). PAH contents were measured in bulk soils and SOM fractions of alpine soils along an elevation gradient in the French Alps (Lautaret) from 1920 m to 2840 m a.s.l. A specific PAH distribution was identified, with highest PAH contents in the oPOM, followed by the fPOM, then the MaOM. Organic matter (OM) contents of each fraction can partly explain this distribution, but results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on fPOM and oPOM also highlighted a correlation between the PAH contents and the degree of decomposition of SOM. This indicates that the PAH distribution may be linked to the formation and transformation of fractions: (i) PAHs in the fPOM correspond to relatively recent deposits and mainly reflect the background contamination, (ii) in the oPOM are the PAHs that resist biodegradation during the transformation of fPOM into oPOM and accumulate in the oPOM; this accumulation may be further enhanced by the formation of aggregates. Finally, (iii) in the MaOM, the lower PAH contents can be explained by the different formation pathway of this fraction and its high degree of decomposition. As the PAH distribution may have an impact on their dynamics in soils, it should be taken into consideration in future research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Fe–S–C Dynamics in Blue Carbon Environments: Potential Influence of Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils","authors":"Julie H. Y. Tan,&nbsp;Luke M. Mosley,&nbsp;Vanessa N. L. Wong","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetated blue carbon environments have the potential to sequester large amounts of carbon due to their high productivity and typically saturated, anaerobic soils that promote carbon accumulation. Despite this, and the coupling of Fe–S–C cycling processes, the influence of iron (Fe) in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) on carbon sequestration in blue carbon environments has yet to be systematically explored. To address this knowledge gap, this review provides an overview linking the current state of blue carbon studies with the influence of Fe on soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as the potential influence ASSs have on carbon sequestration. A systematic literature review on SOC stock in blue carbon studies using the Web of Science database yielded 1477 results. Studies that investigated the drivers of carbon accumulation in blue carbon studies were restricted to vegetation species/structure and geomorphic setting, and few focused on soil properties and type. Iron both protects and enhances SOC decomposition depending on its redox state. Under oxic conditions, Fe oxyhydroxides can protect SOC via adsorption, co-precipitation and by acting as a cement in soil aggregates. Iron can also increase SOC decomposition under oxic conditions due to Fenton reactions. However, under anoxic conditions, SOC mineralisation can also occur as Fe acts as an electron transporter in dissimilatory reductions. ASSs contain a range of Fe minerals, but the oxidation of Fe sulfides can result in soil acidification (pH &lt; 4) and subsequent impacts, such as a decline in vegetation health, poor water quality and infrastructure damage. Therefore, potential SOC protection by Fe under oxic conditions may come at the cost of soil acidification in ASSs, while maintaining anoxic conditions prevents acidification but may enhance SOC decomposition. Future studies on the influence of ASSs on Fe–S–C cycling and carbon sequestration in blue carbon environments are important, particularly for ‘hotspots’ such as Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Waterlogged Soils Developed on Arkose and Aeolian Sands in an Agro-Silvopastoral System","authors":"Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta,&nbsp;Francisco J. San José,&nbsp;Jorge Mongil-Manso,&nbsp;Laura Escudero-Campos,&nbsp;María P. Álvarez-Castellanos","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Globally speaking, academic research assumes that soils affected by water stagnation have a significant constraint, especially concerning their productivity and environmental benefits. In the surrounding landscape of northern Ávila Province (northern Spanish Central System), where many small farmers and livestock breeders of the region live, there are areas that are periodically flooded. This study examines the impact of hydromorphism on soil features and formation in La Moraña, a region with arkosic and aeolic sands; it also investigates the soil's role in sustainable waterlogged agro-silvopastoral development. The main land uses are agriculture, pastures or pine forests. The soils show acidic to alkaline reaction (pH 5.6 to 9.1), with sandy to loamy textures, and contain moderate to high levels of organic matter (1.7% to 8.0%) and total nitrogen (0.01% to 0.26%) contents. A moderate to medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) (3.13 to 15 cmol kg⁻¹) and high base saturation status (72% to 81%) were observed. In both soil groups (Cambisols and Arenosols), the predominant soil cations were Ca²⁺ (0.7 to 25.7 cmol kg⁻¹) and Na⁺ (0.19 to 9.5 cmol kg⁻¹), while K⁺ was present in minor amounts. Given the nature of the original material, although the carbonate content of the parent material lay below the detection limit, high carbonate contents greater than 25% were observed in certain horizons (Bkg of profiles 1 and 2). Weak gleization was observed in all profiles, with grey colours (light to dark) in the subsurface horizons, denoting some effects of iron reduction, resulting from a dual action of pluviometry and a practically flat topography; and occasionally flooding or water-table rise. In addition, hydromorphic conditions can also develop due to soil compaction. So, the major soil-forming processes are accumulation of organic matter and brunification in drained conditions. While litter formation in conditions of high moisture, and weak gleization against excessive moisture are the dominant processes. La Moraña's soils stay productive through agroforestry and crop rotations, preserving their potential despite their hydromorphic nature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Solutions for Steady-State Oxygen Transport in Soil With Microbial and Plant Root Sinks","authors":"Freeman J. Cook","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70032","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A complete model using analytical solutions for one-dimensional oxygen transport from the atmosphere into soil with microbial and root sinks that builds on work over 30 years is developed. This new model uses concepts from a previously published model for one distributed sink and two sinks with a distributed (microbial) and line (root) sink. It removes the problem, in previous publications, of matching the flux at the joining point between the two sink solution where the root sink ceases and the single sink at a finite depth. Analytical solutions are developed for integer values of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, where &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; is the scaling depth for microbial respiration and &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; is the scaling depth for root length density. The solutions allow two critical diffusivity (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;) values to be defined (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) and (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). When &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt; &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, a procedure is presented to calculate the depth, &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, where &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;′&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;=&lt;/i&gt; 0 and this is the depth where root uptake of oxygen ceases and is shown to be related to &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. When &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt; &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, a procedure is presented to estimate the depth, &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, at which the oxygen concentration = 0 and is shown to be related to &lt;i&gt;D/D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. These results have useful applications in determining soil aeration, soil biogeochemical reactions, soil surface flux of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the effect of climate change on these processes through the temperature dependence of the solution. These results suggest the oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) is likely to be the best estimator of soil aeration but there will not be a universal value for all plants. The surface flux density of oxygen into the soil for both the microbial sink (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) and total sink (&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) are presented and the ratio is shown to be related to &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ D/{D}_a^0 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {D}_a^o $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is the diffusivity in air). The possible range in &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; is shown to be compatible with measured value","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Aeration Tubes and Holes on Soil Gas Exchange Using a Simulation Model","authors":"Katharina Weltecke,&nbsp;Oliver Löwe,&nbsp;Thorsten Gaertig","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A prevalent strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of soil compaction or sealing on urban trees involves installing aeration tubes, aeration holes or near surface aeration horizons to enhance gas exchange between the soil air and the atmosphere. Despite their widespread use, there is currently no scientific evidence confirming their effectiveness. In this study, gas exchange between the atmosphere and soils that were aerated using different methods was modelled and evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. Both the laboratory and field measurements could be modelled well with the simulation model. The research showed that the effectiveness of aeration tubes and holes is highly dependent on the air-filled porosity of the soil. The more gas exchange can take place via the soil pores, the lesser the influence of the aeration equipment. Thus, the use of aeration tubes is not necessary when using tree substrates in unsealed tree pits but could mitigate disturbances in soil aeration in compacted and fine-grained soils with low air capacity. However, modelling shows that the effect of aeration tubes and holes is less than expected and that near-surface aeration layers are generally more effective than vertical aeration systems. With the help of the modelling of gas exchange as presented here, it is possible to optimise the level of aeration of the soil depending on the existing degree of compaction and/or the planned surface sealing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration- and Size-Dependent Influences of Microplastics on Soil Hydraulic Properties and Water Flow","authors":"Haoxuan Feng,&nbsp;Xuguang Xing,&nbsp;Jianqiang Du,&nbsp;Sihan Jiao,&nbsp;Miao Yu,&nbsp;Weihua Wang","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive usage of agricultural plastic film correspondingly leads to excessive residues of microplastics (MPs). MP accumulation alters soil hydraulic properties and water flow. However, little is known about the combined effects of concentration and particle size on soil hydrological properties, and a numerical approach for modelling infiltrated flow has not been well developed. Hence, we determined soil hydraulic properties and infiltrated flow affected by MP concentration and particle size and established a water flow model suitable for MP-contaminated soils. Quantitative findings indicated that the saturated conductivity for soil–MP mixture was 10.8%–50.0% smaller than that for pure soil, which decreased and increased with the increase in MP concentration and size, respectively. The MP concentration always had significant influences on saturated conductivity; in contrast, the MP particle size always generated significant influences under the condition of small particle size. Besides, higher concentration or size of MPs led to weaker soil water-holding capacity, and the saturated and residual water content decreased by 0.6% – 41.5% and 0.2% – 11.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of MPs inhibited water infiltration, with the wetting front migration rate and cumulative infiltration decreased by 7.1% – 29.4% and 4.7% – 21.7%, respectively, with the increase in the MP concentration and size. Correlation analysis indicated that MP particle size was negatively correlated with saturated/residual moisture, wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration; in addition, MP concentration was negatively correlated with saturated conductivity, residual moisture, wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration; compared with the MP particle size (15.63%), the MP concentration (46.28%) played a major role in the response of soil hydraulic properties and water movement to changes in the external environment. A two-dimensional numerical approach was proposed by considering the Richards equation and hydraulic parameters of soil–MP mixture, and a model based on finite element theory was further employed and validated through comparing experimental observations with numerical simulations, which indicated that the proposed model had a high accuracy in simulating the infiltration process in MP-contained soils. Our findings elucidate the influence of MP concentration and size on soil hydraulic properties and water flow and confirm the potential of using simulations to predict water infiltration in MP-contained soils.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of a Fallow Year to Continuous Rice Systems Enhances Crop Soil Nitrogen Uptake","authors":"Zhenglin Zhang,&nbsp;Daniel C. Olk,&nbsp;Bruce A. Linquist","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice grown in California constitutes 20% of total U.S. rice production and is typically grown in a continuous rice monoculture system. In recent years, growers have been forced to fallow their lands often due to winter droughts leading to water restrictions or spring rains leading to prevented planting. Increased soil aeration due to fallowing creates knowledge gaps in soil nitrogen (N) availability. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate differences in crop N uptake between rice cultivation following a fallow season, fallow rice (FR) and continuous rice (CR) systems. Crop uptake of soil N (N uptake_soil) and fertiliser N (N uptake_fertilizer) were quantified using ¹⁵N-enriched ammonium sulfate applied in microplots as a preplant (150 kg N ha⁻¹) or topdress (30 kg N ha⁻¹) application. In both seasons when N was applied as a preplant fertiliser, the FR treatment had a higher grain yield than did the CR treatment, with yield differences of 2.3 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2021 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and 1.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2022 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Examining the sources of crop N uptake for preplant applied N, on average, N uptake_soil in the FR treatment was 16.7 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than the CR treatment at maturity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, N uptake_fertilizer was similar between treatments. Additionally, comparable soil and crop fertiliser N recoveries in CR and FR preplant N suggested that the pathways and magnitudes of fertiliser N losses were similar in both systems. These results indicate that N uptake_soil was primarily responsible for lower N uptake in CR. Similar results were found when N was applied as a topdress, where FR had increased N uptake_soil in both years. We further investigated the reason for lower rates of N uptake_soil in CR. Soil phenols, which have been documented to accumulate in continuously flooded rice systems and stabilise soil N, were quantified in the field study. Complementing the rigorous field study, a regional survey study that incorporated nine paired fields was conducted to quantify regional phenol levels. In both the field and the regional survey studies, soil phenols were higher in CR than in FR fields. Together, higher phenol levels and lower N uptake_soil in CR provide mechanistic evidence that the introduction of a season-long fallow to continuous rice systems enhances soil N availability by reducing organic substrate recalcitrance. Future work should identify the duration needed for soil phenol accumulation to impair soil N cycling under continuous rice cultivation, as well as any roles of soil microbial populations in these soil N cycling patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}