European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Fe–S–C Dynamics in Blue Carbon Environments: Potential Influence of Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils","authors":"Julie H. Y. Tan,&nbsp;Luke M. Mosley,&nbsp;Vanessa N. L. Wong","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetated blue carbon environments have the potential to sequester large amounts of carbon due to their high productivity and typically saturated, anaerobic soils that promote carbon accumulation. Despite this, and the coupling of Fe–S–C cycling processes, the influence of iron (Fe) in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) on carbon sequestration in blue carbon environments has yet to be systematically explored. To address this knowledge gap, this review provides an overview linking the current state of blue carbon studies with the influence of Fe on soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as the potential influence ASSs have on carbon sequestration. A systematic literature review on SOC stock in blue carbon studies using the Web of Science database yielded 1477 results. Studies that investigated the drivers of carbon accumulation in blue carbon studies were restricted to vegetation species/structure and geomorphic setting, and few focused on soil properties and type. Iron both protects and enhances SOC decomposition depending on its redox state. Under oxic conditions, Fe oxyhydroxides can protect SOC via adsorption, co-precipitation and by acting as a cement in soil aggregates. Iron can also increase SOC decomposition under oxic conditions due to Fenton reactions. However, under anoxic conditions, SOC mineralisation can also occur as Fe acts as an electron transporter in dissimilatory reductions. ASSs contain a range of Fe minerals, but the oxidation of Fe sulfides can result in soil acidification (pH &lt; 4) and subsequent impacts, such as a decline in vegetation health, poor water quality and infrastructure damage. Therefore, potential SOC protection by Fe under oxic conditions may come at the cost of soil acidification in ASSs, while maintaining anoxic conditions prevents acidification but may enhance SOC decomposition. Future studies on the influence of ASSs on Fe–S–C cycling and carbon sequestration in blue carbon environments are important, particularly for ‘hotspots’ such as Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Waterlogged Soils Developed on Arkose and Aeolian Sands in an Agro-Silvopastoral System","authors":"Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta,&nbsp;Francisco J. San José,&nbsp;Jorge Mongil-Manso,&nbsp;Laura Escudero-Campos,&nbsp;María P. Álvarez-Castellanos","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Globally speaking, academic research assumes that soils affected by water stagnation have a significant constraint, especially concerning their productivity and environmental benefits. In the surrounding landscape of northern Ávila Province (northern Spanish Central System), where many small farmers and livestock breeders of the region live, there are areas that are periodically flooded. This study examines the impact of hydromorphism on soil features and formation in La Moraña, a region with arkosic and aeolic sands; it also investigates the soil's role in sustainable waterlogged agro-silvopastoral development. The main land uses are agriculture, pastures or pine forests. The soils show acidic to alkaline reaction (pH 5.6 to 9.1), with sandy to loamy textures, and contain moderate to high levels of organic matter (1.7% to 8.0%) and total nitrogen (0.01% to 0.26%) contents. A moderate to medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) (3.13 to 15 cmol kg⁻¹) and high base saturation status (72% to 81%) were observed. In both soil groups (Cambisols and Arenosols), the predominant soil cations were Ca²⁺ (0.7 to 25.7 cmol kg⁻¹) and Na⁺ (0.19 to 9.5 cmol kg⁻¹), while K⁺ was present in minor amounts. Given the nature of the original material, although the carbonate content of the parent material lay below the detection limit, high carbonate contents greater than 25% were observed in certain horizons (Bkg of profiles 1 and 2). Weak gleization was observed in all profiles, with grey colours (light to dark) in the subsurface horizons, denoting some effects of iron reduction, resulting from a dual action of pluviometry and a practically flat topography; and occasionally flooding or water-table rise. In addition, hydromorphic conditions can also develop due to soil compaction. So, the major soil-forming processes are accumulation of organic matter and brunification in drained conditions. While litter formation in conditions of high moisture, and weak gleization against excessive moisture are the dominant processes. La Moraña's soils stay productive through agroforestry and crop rotations, preserving their potential despite their hydromorphic nature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Solutions for Steady-State Oxygen Transport in Soil With Microbial and Plant Root Sinks","authors":"Freeman J. Cook","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70032","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A complete model using analytical solutions for one-dimensional oxygen transport from the atmosphere into soil with microbial and root sinks that builds on work over 30 years is developed. This new model uses concepts from a previously published model for one distributed sink and two sinks with a distributed (microbial) and line (root) sink. It removes the problem, in previous publications, of matching the flux at the joining point between the two sink solution where the root sink ceases and the single sink at a finite depth. Analytical solutions are developed for integer values of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, where &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; is the scaling depth for microbial respiration and &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; is the scaling depth for root length density. The solutions allow two critical diffusivity (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;) values to be defined (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) and (&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). When &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt; &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, a procedure is presented to calculate the depth, &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, where &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;′&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;=&lt;/i&gt; 0 and this is the depth where root uptake of oxygen ceases and is shown to be related to &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. When &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt; &lt; &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, a procedure is presented to estimate the depth, &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, at which the oxygen concentration = 0 and is shown to be related to &lt;i&gt;D/D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. These results have useful applications in determining soil aeration, soil biogeochemical reactions, soil surface flux of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the effect of climate change on these processes through the temperature dependence of the solution. These results suggest the oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) is likely to be the best estimator of soil aeration but there will not be a universal value for all plants. The surface flux density of oxygen into the soil for both the microbial sink (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) and total sink (&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) are presented and the ratio is shown to be related to &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ D/{D}_a^0 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {D}_a^o $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is the diffusivity in air). The possible range in &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; is shown to be compatible with measured value","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Aeration Tubes and Holes on Soil Gas Exchange Using a Simulation Model","authors":"Katharina Weltecke,&nbsp;Oliver Löwe,&nbsp;Thorsten Gaertig","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A prevalent strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of soil compaction or sealing on urban trees involves installing aeration tubes, aeration holes or near surface aeration horizons to enhance gas exchange between the soil air and the atmosphere. Despite their widespread use, there is currently no scientific evidence confirming their effectiveness. In this study, gas exchange between the atmosphere and soils that were aerated using different methods was modelled and evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. Both the laboratory and field measurements could be modelled well with the simulation model. The research showed that the effectiveness of aeration tubes and holes is highly dependent on the air-filled porosity of the soil. The more gas exchange can take place via the soil pores, the lesser the influence of the aeration equipment. Thus, the use of aeration tubes is not necessary when using tree substrates in unsealed tree pits but could mitigate disturbances in soil aeration in compacted and fine-grained soils with low air capacity. However, modelling shows that the effect of aeration tubes and holes is less than expected and that near-surface aeration layers are generally more effective than vertical aeration systems. With the help of the modelling of gas exchange as presented here, it is possible to optimise the level of aeration of the soil depending on the existing degree of compaction and/or the planned surface sealing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration- and Size-Dependent Influences of Microplastics on Soil Hydraulic Properties and Water Flow","authors":"Haoxuan Feng,&nbsp;Xuguang Xing,&nbsp;Jianqiang Du,&nbsp;Sihan Jiao,&nbsp;Miao Yu,&nbsp;Weihua Wang","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive usage of agricultural plastic film correspondingly leads to excessive residues of microplastics (MPs). MP accumulation alters soil hydraulic properties and water flow. However, little is known about the combined effects of concentration and particle size on soil hydrological properties, and a numerical approach for modelling infiltrated flow has not been well developed. Hence, we determined soil hydraulic properties and infiltrated flow affected by MP concentration and particle size and established a water flow model suitable for MP-contaminated soils. Quantitative findings indicated that the saturated conductivity for soil–MP mixture was 10.8%–50.0% smaller than that for pure soil, which decreased and increased with the increase in MP concentration and size, respectively. The MP concentration always had significant influences on saturated conductivity; in contrast, the MP particle size always generated significant influences under the condition of small particle size. Besides, higher concentration or size of MPs led to weaker soil water-holding capacity, and the saturated and residual water content decreased by 0.6% – 41.5% and 0.2% – 11.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of MPs inhibited water infiltration, with the wetting front migration rate and cumulative infiltration decreased by 7.1% – 29.4% and 4.7% – 21.7%, respectively, with the increase in the MP concentration and size. Correlation analysis indicated that MP particle size was negatively correlated with saturated/residual moisture, wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration; in addition, MP concentration was negatively correlated with saturated conductivity, residual moisture, wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration; compared with the MP particle size (15.63%), the MP concentration (46.28%) played a major role in the response of soil hydraulic properties and water movement to changes in the external environment. A two-dimensional numerical approach was proposed by considering the Richards equation and hydraulic parameters of soil–MP mixture, and a model based on finite element theory was further employed and validated through comparing experimental observations with numerical simulations, which indicated that the proposed model had a high accuracy in simulating the infiltration process in MP-contained soils. Our findings elucidate the influence of MP concentration and size on soil hydraulic properties and water flow and confirm the potential of using simulations to predict water infiltration in MP-contained soils.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of a Fallow Year to Continuous Rice Systems Enhances Crop Soil Nitrogen Uptake","authors":"Zhenglin Zhang,&nbsp;Daniel C. Olk,&nbsp;Bruce A. Linquist","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice grown in California constitutes 20% of total U.S. rice production and is typically grown in a continuous rice monoculture system. In recent years, growers have been forced to fallow their lands often due to winter droughts leading to water restrictions or spring rains leading to prevented planting. Increased soil aeration due to fallowing creates knowledge gaps in soil nitrogen (N) availability. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate differences in crop N uptake between rice cultivation following a fallow season, fallow rice (FR) and continuous rice (CR) systems. Crop uptake of soil N (N uptake_soil) and fertiliser N (N uptake_fertilizer) were quantified using ¹⁵N-enriched ammonium sulfate applied in microplots as a preplant (150 kg N ha⁻¹) or topdress (30 kg N ha⁻¹) application. In both seasons when N was applied as a preplant fertiliser, the FR treatment had a higher grain yield than did the CR treatment, with yield differences of 2.3 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2021 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and 1.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2022 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Examining the sources of crop N uptake for preplant applied N, on average, N uptake_soil in the FR treatment was 16.7 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than the CR treatment at maturity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, N uptake_fertilizer was similar between treatments. Additionally, comparable soil and crop fertiliser N recoveries in CR and FR preplant N suggested that the pathways and magnitudes of fertiliser N losses were similar in both systems. These results indicate that N uptake_soil was primarily responsible for lower N uptake in CR. Similar results were found when N was applied as a topdress, where FR had increased N uptake_soil in both years. We further investigated the reason for lower rates of N uptake_soil in CR. Soil phenols, which have been documented to accumulate in continuously flooded rice systems and stabilise soil N, were quantified in the field study. Complementing the rigorous field study, a regional survey study that incorporated nine paired fields was conducted to quantify regional phenol levels. In both the field and the regional survey studies, soil phenols were higher in CR than in FR fields. Together, higher phenol levels and lower N uptake_soil in CR provide mechanistic evidence that the introduction of a season-long fallow to continuous rice systems enhances soil N availability by reducing organic substrate recalcitrance. Future work should identify the duration needed for soil phenol accumulation to impair soil N cycling under continuous rice cultivation, as well as any roles of soil microbial populations in these soil N cycling patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Statistical Distributions for Equivalent Conduit Flow in Suffusion Model of Cohesionless Gap-Graded Soils","authors":"Zhe Huang,&nbsp;Bangwen Zhang,&nbsp;Haijue Xu,&nbsp;Yuchuan Bai","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suffusion is a typical form of internal erosion and a major cause of the degradation and failure of hydraulic structures. Suffusion-induced particle movement is a random process because of the statistical distribution of pore flows in soil. However, few studies have focused on the application of the statistical distribution of pore flow in the suffusion model. This study evaluates four statistical distributions of conduit flows to equate pore flow in calculating the soil particles movement rate in the suffusion model for cohesionless gap-graded soils. Multiple experimental data are collected to comprehensively evaluate the four distribution-based models with multiple variable changes during suffusion. The results show that the uniform distribution of the equivalent conduit flows is more accurate and reliable for gap-graded soils than the other three distributions are. Compared with previous studies, this article directly provides an applicable statistical distribution of pore flows, which simplified calculation steps and improved efficiency by explicitly calculating the particle movement velocity. Moreover, the uniform distribution has a concise formula; thus, it is recommended to estimate suffusion in unstable gap-graded soil. The accurate evaluation of statistical conduit flow is critical for the suffusion model because of its complete synchronicity with the particle movement rate. More attention should further be paid to the statistical distribution of pore flows, as the uniform distribution-based model may also generate deviations during the later period of the simulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling Infrared Isotopic Gas Analysis and Thermal Ramped Analysis to Characterise Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon","authors":"Joséphine Hazera,&nbsp;Isabelle Kowalewski,&nbsp;David Sebag,&nbsp;Eric Verrecchia,&nbsp;Herman Ravelojaona,&nbsp;Tiphaine Chevallier","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studying the soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) dynamics is essential to assess the carbon (C) sequestration potential of calcareous soils. Isotopic signatures (δ¹³C) are used to assess the C origin of SOC or SIC. However, as measuring SOC and SIC contents, measuring δ¹³C_SOC and δ¹³C_SIC on a non-pretreated aliquot remains a challenge. Thermal analyses, like the Rock-Eval (RE) analysis, are promising to quantify SOC and SIC in a single analysis, but, to our knowledge, no development was conducted to assess δ¹³C_SOC and δ¹³C_SIC. We coupled a RE device to an isotopic gas analyser (Picarro) to continuously measure δ¹³C_CO2 and approach δ¹³C_SOC and δ¹³C_SIC. We hypothesised that different carbonate mineralogies and/or crystal sizes in SIC involve fluctuations of the δ¹³C_CO2. Two calcareous soils, a lithogenic (calcite) and a biogenic (snail shell) carbonate, and five calcite/shell mixes were analysed with the RE-Picarro setup. Two distinct δ¹³C_CO2 values were obtained before and after 650°C and were consistent with the δ¹³C_SOC and δ¹³C_SIC obtained by EA-IRMS. The fluctuations of δ¹³C_CO2 above 650°C were higher with calcite/shell mixes than with pure carbonates. A δ¹³C_CO2 fluctuation &gt; ± 0.2‰ could be a pertinent indicator to detect mixes of carbonate with different δ¹³C in soils. The RE-Picarro setup is promising to assess SOC and SIC contents, δ¹³C_SOC and δ¹³C_SIC and detect mixes of carbonate with different origin on a non-pretreated aliquot. Development is needed (i) on more soil and carbonate samples and (ii) to improve the precision and accuracy of the RE-Picarro setup.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy of Warming and Cover Crops on the Response of Soil Microbial Function to Repeated Drying and Rewetting Cycles","authors":"Adetunji Alex Adekanmbi,&nbsp;Yiran Zou,&nbsp;Xin Shu,&nbsp;Giacomo Pietramellara,&nbsp;Shamina Imran Pathan,&nbsp;Lindsay Todman,&nbsp;Tom Sizmur","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response of soils to extreme weather events will become increasingly important in the future as more frequent and severe floods and droughts are expected to subject soils to drying and rewetting cycles as a result of climate change. These extreme events will be experienced against a backdrop of overall warming. Farmers are adopting cover cropping as a sustainable management practice to increase soil organic matter and benefit soil health. Cover crops may also increase the resilience of soils to help mitigate the impacts of climate change. We examined the legacy of warming and cover crops on the response of soil microbial function to repeated drying and rewetting cycles. We introduced open-top chambers to warm the soil surface of a field plot experiment in which cover crops (single-species monocultures and 4-species polycultures) were grown over the summer after harvest and before planting autumn sown cash crops in a cereal rotation. Soil samples were collected from warmed and ambient areas of the experimental plots in spring, before harvesting the cereal crop. Warming significantly increased, and cover crops significantly decreased, the abundance of genes encoding fungal β-glucosidase. We quantified respiration (a measure of soil microbial function) with high-frequency CO₂ flux measurements after 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 wet/dry cycles imposed in the laboratory and the addition of barley grass powder substrate at a rate of 10 mg g⁻¹ soil. We observed lower cumulative substrate-induced respiration in soils previously planted with cover crop mixtures than expected from the average of the same species grown in monoculture. Repeated drying and rewetting cycles increased the cumulative substrate-induced respiration rate observed, suggesting that repeated perturbations selected for a community adapted to processing the barley shoot powder more quickly. When we calculated the cumulative respiration after 8 wet/dry cycles, relative to cumulative respiration after 0 wet/dry cycles (which we infer represents the extent to which microbial communities adapted to repeated drying and rewetting cycles), our data revealed that the legacy of warming significantly reduced soil microbial community adaptation, but the legacy of cover crops significantly increased, soil microbial community adaptation. This adaptation of the soil microbial community was positively correlated with the concentration of water-extractable organic carbon in the soils before imposing the drying and rewetting cycles and/or adding the substrate. We conclude that cover crops may enhance the ability of the soil microbial community to adapt to drought events and mitigate the impact of warming, possibly due to the provision of labile organic carbon for the synthesis of osmolytes which then prime the decomposition of labile plant material upon rewetting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Mineralisation of Organic Matter in Alpine Soils and Responses to Global Warming: An In Vitro Approach","authors":"Nicolas Bonfanti,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Clement,&nbsp;Annie Millery-Vigues,&nbsp;Tamara Münkemüller,&nbsp;Yves Perrette,&nbsp;Jérôme Poulenard","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountains are particularly vulnerable to climate change, as they are warming at a rate that exceeds the global average, significantly impacting cold-adapted ecosystems. In these environments, soil organic matter (SOM) stocks are often considerably larger than at lower elevations. These stocks are therefore highly susceptible to global warming and the associated risk of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) emissions driven by temperature-induced increases in SOM mineralisation. In order to quantify these emissions and the change of mineralisation rates under warming, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the annual mineralisation balance. We investigated how warming impacts the duration and intensity of mineralisation in different seasons. The main aim of this study is to quantify alpine SOM mineralisation rates and GHG production under a range of seasonal conditions, including those associated with warming. An in vitro approach was employed to expose alpine topsoils (0–10 cm) to the conditions of key seasonal periods: snow cover, growing season and rainfall/snowmelt. This was achieved by experimentally varying temperature and inflow of precipitation water. Additionally, the soil samples were subjected to a temperature increase of 4°C. The short-term responses of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralisation and GHG production were monitored. The results demonstrated that alpine soil respiration rates exhibited a twofold increase with a 4°C warming, while the relative proportion of labile SOM demonstrated a decline with rising temperatures. Water saturation from simulated rain and snowmelt played a crucial role in organic matter mineralisation and increased the mineralisation of carbon (+12% to +53%), nitrogen (+20% to +80% of net ammonification) and phosphorus (+50% of net phosphate production). This suggests that nutrients present in the snowpack or the rain were added to the soil. In contrast, soil–water saturation decreased net nitrate production by between 10% and 90%. The results of this study highlight the potential for alpine soil warming to release labile SOM and demonstrate the influence of the snow regime on nutrient and carbon fluxes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}