European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Soil carbon management and enhanced rock weathering: The separate fates of organic and inorganic carbon","authors":"David A. C. Manning,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos de Azevedo,&nbsp;Caio F. Zani,&nbsp;Arlete S. Barneze","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13534","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13534","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil carbon (C) management has been promoted as one of the few readily available strategies to mitigate the rising concentration of atmospheric CO₂ and its associated impacts on climate change. One of these carbon management strategies is enhanced rock weathering (ERW) which involves adding crushed silicate rocks to the soil. These rocks weather and remove atmospheric CO₂ by converting it into bicarbonate in solution. The approach requires careful interpretation of the differences between soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and their measurement, with implications for land management and C credit accounting. In this Opinion, we emphasise the distinct nature and fates of SOC and SIC, advocating for their separate management, particularly in C credit schemes. It is imperative that protocols for soil C management explicitly recognise the difference between SOC and SIC to prevent any ambiguity. Farmers should be able to claim credits for increases in SOC alongside and independently of any claim for credits for ERW (i.e. SIC). Despite the potential of ERW for C removal, we emphasise that further research is needed to improve the measurement and monitoring of SIC and to understand ERW's potential implications for SOC turnover and greenhouse gas emissions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhanced Rock Weathering increases dissolved inorganic carbon (bicarbonate).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Soil organic carbon (SOC) may be influenced by Enhanced Rock Weathering.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Carbon credit via Enhanced Rock Weathering is separate from credit linked to soil organic carbon.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Soil organic matter and enhanced rock weathering both have roles to play for carbon credits.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heated fibre optics to monitor soil moisture under successive saturation–drying cycles: An experimental approach","authors":"Luis Eduardo Bertotto,&nbsp;Alan Reis,&nbsp;Érick Rúbens Oliveira Cobalchini,&nbsp;Dimaghi Schwamback,&nbsp;José Gescilam Sousa Mota Uchôa,&nbsp;Edson Cezar Wendland","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13535","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13535","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In recent decades, distributed temperature sensing (DTS) has emerged as a robust technology for environmental applications, enabling high-resolution temperature measurements along fibre optic cables (FOCs). The actively heated fibre optic (AHFO) method is employed to monitor soil moisture (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ theta $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;), wherein the soil temperature subsequent to the application of a heat pulse is measured by a DTS (AHFO-DTS approach). Despite significant improvements in the application of AHFO-DTS under controlled and natural conditions, the thermal behaviour of soil during multiple saturation–natural drying cycles has been insufficiently evaluated. This study aimed to address this gap by constructing an experimental horizontal soil profile in the laboratory for the application of the AHFO-DTS method during two successive saturation–drainage–evaporation (SDE) cycles. Three heating strategies were applied to a metallic alloy in contact with a FOC, and calibration models were used to correlate &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ theta $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; with the thermal conductivity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), cumulative temperature increase (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;cum&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {T}_{mathrm{cum}} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), and maximum temperature increase (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;max&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {T}_{mathrm{max}} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). The results indicated that during the second SDE cycle, the highest errors in &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ theta $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; estimates were observed with the low power-short heat pulse, whereas the application of the low power-long duration and high power-short duration pulses improved the accuracy of calculations. Additionally, errors in &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ theta $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil biological fertility evolution in a chronosequence under long-term rice cultivation after land reclamation in China","authors":"Jinhua Pan,&nbsp;Jin Wang,&nbsp;Shunyao Zhuang","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13539","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13539","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land use significantly affects soil biological fertility through impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The present study investigated the effects of long-term rice cultivation after tidal flat reclamation on soil C and N metabolism, microbial biomass and biological fertility. Eighteen composite topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were identified in a chronosequence of coastal reclamation areas (0–700 years old) in subtropical monsoon climate zone, namely tidal flat (T0), salt marsh soil (S10) and paddy soil (P50, P100, P300 and P700). Using ANOVA analysis, mono-exponential regression model, and multiple linear regressions, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), cumulative C mineralization content (C_t) and N mineralization content (N_t), basal soil respiration (BSR) and microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) in the P50-P700 samples were significantly higher than those in the T0 and S10 samples, whereas C metabolic quotients (qCO₂) in the P50-P700 were significantly lower than those in the T0 and S10 samples. The time to steady state for SOM and TN are 357 years and 80 years, respectively; 133 and 221 years for C_t and N_t, respectively; and 318 and 183 years for MBC and MBN, respectively. Also, a soil biological fertility index (SBFI) was calculated on the basis of SOM, BSR, C_t, MBC, qCO₂ and qCM. P100-P300 samples had the highest SBFI score (28.7) and ranked in the class V (very high) of biological fertility, achieving steady-state conditions after 146 years. SBFI was significantly positively correlated with SOM, TN, MBC, MBN, BSR, C_t and N_t, whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with pH, qCO₂ and C mineralization quotient (qCM). MBC and qCM were two independent variables with considerable positive effects on SBFI. Long-term rice cultivation could facilitate C and N accumulation and enhance biological fertility in soils via microbial activity, especially within 300 years. Our findings demonstrate that rice cultivation has the potential to enhance soil C and N accumulation. Carbon-related SBFI is suitable for assessing soils under long-term rice cultivation, mainly because the rice paddy field is an intensive and conservative system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in Finnish agricultural soils: A comparative analysis of national and LUCAS soil monitoring datasets","authors":"Jaakko Heikkinen,&nbsp;Joel Kostensalo,&nbsp;Riikka Keskinen,&nbsp;Helena Soinne,&nbsp;Visa Nuutinen","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13525","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Finnish agricultural soil conditions are regularly monitored both through national and European Union (EU)-wide LUCAS Soil sampling. In this study, we compare temporal trends and variability in organic carbon content (OC), pH, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in 2009–2018 across the two datasets. The national monitoring programme encompasses more monitoring plots (620 vs. 134 in 2018), while LUCAS sampling is repeated more frequently and in addition to 2009 and 2018, it also includes data from 2015. The temporal variability in all examined indicators was substantially higher in the LUCAS dataset compared to the national monitoring data. In mineral soils, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between element contents measured in 2009 and 2018 ranged between 0.82 and 0.94 in the national dataset, and between 0.52 and 0.67 in the LUCAS dataset. The results for organic soils mirrored those of mineral soils. The higher variability in the LUCAS dataset may be attributed to less precise geolocation of sampling plots and/or variations in the sampling protocol such as greater sampling depth and the use of a spade instead of a core auger. The greater temporal variability, coupled with a smaller number of sampling plots in the LUCAS dataset, resulted in lower statistical power making the detection of trends with a realistic magnitude more challenging. Further, in LUCAS data, the confidence intervals of trends were of the same magnitude, regardless of whether the data from the year 2015 was included or not. The national dataset was found to be sufficient for detecting nationwide trends in element contents. Our results indicate that refining sampling protocols and improving the location accuracy of sampling plots are more cost-effective approaches to enhance the precision of temporal trend estimation than increasing the number of sampling plots.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RUSLE-based scenarios for sustainable soil management: Case studies from Romanian Subcarpathians","authors":"Marina Vîrghileanu,&nbsp;Ionuț Săvulescu,&nbsp;Bogdan-Andrei Mihai,&nbsp;Carmen-Gabriela Bizdadea,&nbsp;Monica-Gabriela Paraschiv","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13526","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil erosion is one of the major threats to soil sustainability and a global environmental issue causing serious losses of the fertile upper layer of soil, affecting land productivity. Among natural processes and human activity factors, the highest sensitivity of soil loss rate is related to climate changes, as well as land cover/land use transformations. The aim of our paper is to assess the efficacy of various land cover and land use management practices under current climate conditions, as a decision-making indicator in searching for sustainable soil-use solutions. The approach is focused on two complementary case studies from the non-arable hilly area of Romanian Subcarpathians and it is based on aggregating and processing Earth Observation (EO) techniques together with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) equation. The workflow follows three stages: (1) the assessment of the present-day status of soil erosion, as baseline scenario; (2) the analysis of historical soil erosion dynamics within the last 35 years; and (3) the prediction of soil loss rates in different scenarios of changed conditions related to land cover management and support practices against erosion. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of human interventions in soil erosion prevention, mitigation, or conservation. Soil-improving management through vegetative measures and soil practices, like grazing management and mulching/manure application, together with forest recovery on eroded slopes may reduce soil loss rates by 50%–70%. However, abandoning the land and allowing the environment to change uncontrollably is a regional-specific strategy that could accelerate soil erosion on the slopes that are already affected, while decelerating on the others by forest and shrubs regrowth. The significance of our research is related to the identification of the optimal soil use strategies that balance the local communities' economic interests with the effectiveness of sustainable soil management practices, thereby assisting in the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as indicators for a sustainable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic carbon fractions and storage potential in Finnish arable soils","authors":"Anna-Reetta Salonen,&nbsp;Ron de Goede,&nbsp;Rachel Creamer,&nbsp;Jussi Heinonsalo,&nbsp;Helena Soinne","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13527","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13527","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the factors affecting the total amount and distribution of soil organic carbon (OC) across different functional carbon pools is important to better define the future management of soil OC stocks. The interactions between soil management practices, local physicochemical soil properties and climate are essential for determining the OC content of the soil. Nevertheless, how these factors affect the total amount of OC and its distribution across carbon pools, i.e., more labile particulate (POC) and more stable mineral-associated (MAOC) organic carbon, is only partly known. In this study, we assessed topsoil (0–20 cm) samples from 93 arable farms in the southern half of Finland to determine the total amount of OC, and its distribution in MAOC and POC, along with relevant soil properties (amount of clay and silt, aluminium and iron oxides and pH), climate (precipitation and temperature) and fertilization (mineral versus organic). The fertilization did not affect the total soil carbon content (12–58 g OC kg⁻¹ soil). The share of OC in the MAOC fraction (on average 86% of total OC) was relatively stable across the large range of OC contents and clay contents (2%–68%). We assessed the highest feasible MAOC of the soils with boundary line analyses and their OC saturation state with Hassink's equation (Hassink, 1997). Only soils with the lowest clay content (&lt;10% clay) were assumed to be carbon-saturated, suggesting that most of the studied soils have a capacity to accrue more MAOC. Simple linear regression showed that clay, aluminium and iron oxides explained 9%, 21% and 22% of the variation in MAOC, respectively. Multiple regression analyses including the amount of clay, clay+silt, aluminium and iron oxides, pH, type of fertilization, precipitation and temperature as explanatory variables explained 33%–53% of the variation in OC and MAOC. In all soils, aluminium oxides were important explanatory variable for MAOC, whereas Fe oxides were significant only in soils with higher clay content (&gt;30%). In soils with a low clay content (&lt;30%), pH had added value in explaining MAOC. Altogether, it seems that various climatic, edaphic and soil management-related factors are context-dependently controlling OC and that soil textural information alone is not necessarily an adequate predictor to assess the MAOC saturation state of the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere development under alternate wetting and drying in puddled paddy rice","authors":"Md. Dhin Islam,&nbsp;Adam H. Price,&nbsp;Paul D. Hallett","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation can save large amounts of water in rice cultivation. By repeatedly wetting and drying the soil under AWD, accentuated pore structure of the rhizosphere compared to flooded rice may occur. This could affect root growth and resource capture, but to date the physical structure and behaviour of the rhizosphere of rice under AWD has not been explored. In a controlled glasshouse experiment, two different textured soils were used in split rhizotrunks to separate a root-zone from bulk soil using mesh. To mimic a paddy field, the top of the rhizotrunk was filled with puddled soil and below the puddled layer there was a sieved soil layer. Root-zone physical properties were measured using a combination of high resolution X-ray CT imaging (pore structure), a miniaturised infiltrometer (hydrological) and a small indenter (mechanical). Soil under AWD irrigation had 46% greater macroporosity and 20% more pore connectivity compared to continuous flooding (CF). Compared to the bulk soil, root-zone soil under AWD or CF had greater macroporosity, water sorptivity and mechanical hardness. In the root-zone, AWD compared to CF increased the rate of water absorption by around 36%, but did not affect mechanical hardness. Our results suggest AWD interacting with rice roots could promote more effective water transmission through a more stable, larger and better-connected pore system. The results of this study also suggest that soil physical changes by AWD could improve the utilization of resources in a rice production system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of input data accuracy, catchment threshold areas and calibration algorithms on model uncertainty reduction","authors":"Lei Wu,&nbsp;Yonghong Xu,&nbsp;Ruizhi Li","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low resolution of input data and equifinality in model calibration can lead to inaccuracy and insufficient reflection of spatial differences, thereby increasing model errors. However, the impact of input data accuracy, catchment threshold area, and calibration algorithm on model uncertainty reduction has not yet been well understood. The sequential uncertainty fitting version 2 (SUFI-2) that is linked with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the package called SWAT Calibration Uncertainty Programs (SWAT-CUP) was introduced to quantify the effects of different input data resolutions on parameter sensitivity and model uncertainty in the Jinghe River watershed, and the effects of different sub-basin delineations and other two calibration algorithms on model uncertainty were also comparatively analysed. (i) USLE_C, EPCO, ALPHA_BNK, and CN2 are the most sensitive parameters among all SWAT projects. When the change of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution is small, the sensitivity of parameters does not change obviously. When the DEM resolution changes significantly, BIOMIX, LAT_SED, USLE_K, and CH_N1 become highly sensitive parameters by replacing OV_N, SMTMP, SURLAG, and USLE_P. However, the change in land use resolution has little impact on parameter sensitivity, with only a slight change in the sensitivity ranking of specific parameters. (ii) Model uncertainty responded to changes in the resolution of DEM more than land use. Most of the runoff simulations had smaller uncertainties (P factor, R factor, percentage of bias [PBIAS]) than sediment. High resolution DEM data reduced model uncertainty, but the models with 2000 m DEM resolution also achieved small uncertainty. Small catchment threshold area leads to high uncertainty of the model, and large catchment threshold areas decrease the model uncertainty. The model has relatively good simulation effects in runoff and sediment when the catchment threshold area was 2000 km². (iii) The SWAT model has different simulation deviations and uncertainties in different calibration algorithms, the SUFI-2 and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) algorithms show better applicability than particle swarm optimization (PSO). The NSE indicators of the three algorithms are in the following order: SUFI-2 &gt; GLUE &gt; PSO for runoff, and GLUE &gt; SUFI-2 &gt; PSO for sediment. This study helps us understand the cause, knowledge of which moves from the particular to the general by the comprehension of essence, power, and nature in reducing model uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of cover crop roots in soil organic carbon accrual—A review","authors":"M. Pisarčik,&nbsp;J. Hakl,&nbsp;M. Toleikiene,&nbsp;P. Fuksa,&nbsp;J. Rasmussen,&nbsp;R. Hood-Nowotny","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Appropriate cover crop (CC) management is an important tool for the improvement of soil carbon stock; however, the relationships between carbon accumulation and CC root traits remain unclear. A literature review was performed to identify the extent and focus of recent research and to answer questions about the role of root traits of CCs in soil C accumulation with regard to species selection, mixture composition and agronomic management. The findings based on the analysis of 69 publications show that a range of root traits such as root biomass, architecture, depth of rooting, root chemical composition, as well as quantity and quality of rhizodeposition, can contribute to soil structure formation and C accumulation. These traits are usually species specific, and it seems that appropriate species combinations in the mixtures can offer the highest potential for optimization of C stock across various environments. However, there has been twice as much recent research on roots of CC monocultures than on mixtures, with little attention paid to agronomic aspects such as plant spatial arrangement or soil tillage in relation to CC root development. Considerations of real management under field conditions could be beneficial in providing greater accuracy of estimation of the contribution of CCs in increasing the SOC stock in croplands.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial utilisation of maize rhizodeposits applied to agricultural soil at a range of concentrations","authors":"Daniela Niedeggen,&nbsp;Lioba Rüger,&nbsp;Eva Oburger,&nbsp;Michael Santangeli,&nbsp;Ahmed Mutez,&nbsp;Doris Vetterlein,&nbsp;Sergey Blagodatsky,&nbsp;Michael Bonkowski","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13530","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rhizodeposition fuels carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in soil. However, changes in the dynamics of microbial growth on rhizodeposits with increasing distance from the root is not well studied. This study investigates microbial growth on individual organic components of rhizodeposits and maize root-derived exudates and mucilage from agricultural soil. By creating a gradient of substrate concentrations, we simulated reduced microbial access to rhizosphere C with increasing distance to the root surface. We identified distinct C-thresholds for the activation of microbial growth, and these were significantly higher for rhizodeposits than singular, simple sugars. In addition, testing for stoichiometric constraints of microbial growth by supplementing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) showed accelerated and increased microbial growth by activating a larger proportion of the microbial biomass. Early and late season exudates triggered significantly different microbial growth responses. The mineralization of early-season exudates was induced at a high C-threshold. In contrast, the mineralization of late-season exudates showed ‘sugar-like’ properties, with a low C-threshold, high substrate affinity, and a reduced maximum respiration rate of microorganisms growing on the added substrate. Mucilage exhibited the highest C-threshold for the activation of microbial growth, although with a short lag-period and with an efficient mucilage degradation comparable to that of sugars. By determining kinetic parameters and turnover times for different root-derived substrates, our data enable the upscaling of micro-scale processes to the whole root system, allowing more accurate predictions of how rhizodeposition drives microbial C and nutrient dynamics in the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}