European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Soil Properties-Based Targeting of Soil Conditioners for Reduced Phosphorus Loading From Agriculture","authors":"Riikka Keskinen,&nbsp;Helena Soinne,&nbsp;Risto Uusitalo,&nbsp;Petri Ekholm,&nbsp;Timo A. Räsänen,&nbsp;Jaana Uusi-Kämppä,&nbsp;Jenna Bergholm,&nbsp;Johanna Nikama,&nbsp;Jari Hyväluoma","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil conditioning materials, gypsum, structure lime and pulp and paper mill sludges, have emerged as promising means to combat soil losses for protecting waterways. The mechanisms of impact vary between these materials, whereby the selection of the most efficient product depends on the soil type. In this paper, a soil-properties based selection method was developed for these three soil conditioners focusing on water quality impacts, specifically on particle associated phosphorus (P) losses that make the major share of the P transfer to the eutrophied Archipelago Sea. For targeting soil conditioner applications, a risk grading protocol identifying field parcels with the highest emission potential was formulated. The soil features considered in the risk grading were soil P status, aggregate stability, erosion potential, and typical soil management. In assessing the suitability of the individual soil conditioners, the soil properties considered were electrical conductivity (EC), pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), soil test P, clay percentage, organic carbon (C) content, and the ratio of clay/C. The method was applied in the Savijoki catchment in Southwest Finland mainly consisting of relatively flat, non-calcareous clay soils low in soil test P and high in clay/C ratios. Phosphorus emission risk in the area was estimated to be moderate though sporadic high-risk areas were identified. The applied selection criteria targeted fibres to 61%, structure lime to 29% and gypsum to 11% of the case study area. High clay/C ratio favoured fibres, whereas gypsum and structure lime were limited to soils with low EC. The proposed method provides means for farmers and advisors to select the most suitable soil conditioner for a given soil. For decision-makers, the method offers an instrument for policy recommendations serving, for example, in directing environmental subsidies. The method is applicable beyond the Archipelago Sea region though the suggested limit values need to be adjusted site-specifically.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Open Framework for Downscaling Soil Carbon and Clay Maps Using Sensor Data: Five Case Studies Across Diverse European Landscapes","authors":"Lucas Carvalho Gomes,&nbsp;Anders Bjørn Møller,&nbsp;Triven Koganti,&nbsp;Suzanne Higgins,&nbsp;Gareth Ridgway,&nbsp;Natasha Crumlish,&nbsp;Renaldas Žydelis,&nbsp;Jonas Volungevičius,&nbsp;Ardas Kavaliauskas,&nbsp;Fenny van Egmond,&nbsp;Henk Kramer,&nbsp;Kees Teuling,&nbsp;İsmail Çinkaya,&nbsp;Mogens H. Greve","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable soil management is recognised as a pivotal solution for addressing current and future global challenges, but existing global and national soil property maps often lack the fine-scale resolution required for local or intra-field assessments. Here, we aimed to develop an open access framework to downscale soil property maps using remote and proximal sensor data and test it for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay across different regions of Europe. To facilitate the dissemination of this framework, we developed the R package “<i>soilscaler</i>”, which contains integrated functions for producing downscaled soil maps. This approach uses coarse resolution maps as a baseline, incorporating sensor data and soil observations to train a model explaining local variation of soil properties. We tested the framework in Denmark, Northern Ireland, Lithuania, The Netherlands, and Turkey. For comparison, we also created high-resolution maps using a conventional digital soil mapping (DSM) approach for each field independently. We found that the downscaling performance depends on the quality of the coarse-resolution soil maps, the spatial variability of soil properties within a given field, and the range of inter-field variations in each country. Although the downscaling process showed lower performance than the conventional DSM approach, the results indicate that the downscaled maps better represent local variability than existing national and global soil maps. Additionally, we found that remote sensing sensors generally better represent the spatial distribution of SOC, while proximal soil sensors better capture clay contents. Future studies should focus on gathering more sensor data and correlating it with soil properties to improve predictions based solely on sensor data.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Signs That National Cropland Organic Carbon Loss Is Reversing in British Topsoils","authors":"L. Bentley,&nbsp;A. Thomas,&nbsp;A. Garbutt,&nbsp;B. Williams,&nbsp;S. Reinsch,&nbsp;I. Lebron,&nbsp;M. Brentegani,&nbsp;P. Keenan,&nbsp;C. Wood,&nbsp;S. M. Smart,&nbsp;P. A. Henrys,&nbsp;B. J. Cosby,&nbsp;B. A. Emmett,&nbsp;D. A. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss from cropland soils are well known, contributing to climate change and compromising soil and ecosystem health. Stabilising and reversing the loss of organic matter from cropland soils is a challenge for all nations to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable land management (SLM) has been promoted as a mechanism of achieving this, but to date, there is no evidence of positive impacts at scale. Here we show the first signs of the reversal of soil carbon loss in cultivated topsoils in Great Britain, following a period of reported SLM uptake, using 40+ years of national soil monitoring from the UKCEH Countryside Survey. Following a prolonged historic decline at rates of −0.16 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, there was a significant increase in cropland topsoil SOC stocks (0–15 cm) from 2007 to 2019–22 with an accrual rate of 0.17 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, approximately 0.74 MtC year⁻¹ nationally. We discuss reported management shifts in Great Britain in the corresponding period and identify a reduction in conventional tillage and reduced straw removal as potential drivers, but highlight additional evidence gaps worthy of consideration. This increase in topsoil SOC may represent net carbon sequestration or carbon redistribution (geographic or vertical) but nevertheless demonstrates that topsoil properties can be restored at scale and offers hope that a concerted effort by land managers can halt, and potentially reverse, SOC loss from cropland soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessment of Electro-Osmotic Soil-Engaging Tools for Adhesion Reduction","authors":"Mo Li,&nbsp;Zibo Gao,&nbsp;Jiajie Tang,&nbsp;Ke Xu,&nbsp;Li Guo,&nbsp;Qingzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Jiangtao Qi","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil adhesion results in significant power consumption and diminishes the working quality of agricultural production. Identifying an effective solution to mitigate soil adhesion is a critical issue for enhancing the efficiency of agricultural machinery. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of utilizing electro-osmotic techniques for reducing soil adhesion. Pull-out tests were conducted on a plate and a cylinder to examine the impact of the electro-osmosis technique on soil adhesion. Experimental factors such as water content, holding time, voltage, and application duration were considered in this research. The results indicated that soil moisture played a pivotal role in determining adhesion; higher moisture levels resulted in increased adhesion when the soil was within its plastic limit and liquid limit range. Furthermore, it was observed that metal tools experienced significantly greater levels of soil adhesion without applying voltage compared to when voltage was applied; moreover, an increase in voltage magnitude and duration led to a decrease in soil adhesion force. For instance, applying a 24 V voltage for 15 s reduced the soil adhesion force on the plate by 52% compared to that without applying voltage; similarly, applying a 30 V voltage for 40 s decreased the soil adhesion force on the cylinder by 32%. Additionally, after conducting electro-osmosis tests, the soil contact surfaces of the plate and cylinder showed clean contact areas with evident traces of water film formation. These findings validate that utilizing electro-osmotic techniques can effectively mitigate soil adhesion while providing valuable insights into their potential application during field operations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multistakeholder Engagement to Scale Soil Health Globally: The Coalition of Action 4 Soil Health","authors":"Leigh Ann Winowiecki,&nbsp;Hanna Linden,&nbsp;Sasha Alexander,&nbsp;Aida Bargués Tobella,&nbsp;Joao Campari,&nbsp;Colin Christensen,&nbsp;Dhruphad Choudhury,&nbsp;Henk Van Duijn,&nbsp;Martina Fleckenstein,&nbsp;Yvonne Harz-Pitre,&nbsp;Zakir Hussain,&nbsp;Bharat Kakade,&nbsp;David Kamau,&nbsp;Paul Luu,&nbsp;Christine Magaju,&nbsp;Vincent Makiyi,&nbsp;Pamela Mbabazi,&nbsp;Cristine Morgan,&nbsp;Sieg Snapp,&nbsp;Daniela Solis,&nbsp;Sabrina Trautman,&nbsp;Roland Van der Vorst,&nbsp;Penelope Wensley,&nbsp;Tom Williams,&nbsp;Rattan Lal","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70128","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Healthy soil is critical for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity conservation, water cycling, farmer livelihoods, and food and nutrition security. Despite its importance, soil health has often been overlooked, but momentum is growing as evidenced by recent high-level initiatives such as the Nairobi Declaration as part of the Africa Fertiliser and Soil Health Action Plan and the European Union Soil Mission: A Soil Deal for Europe. The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration was launched on 5 June 2021 to galvanise local, national and global action to restore degraded ecosystems. In the same year, the UN Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) initiated a call for coalitions of action to champion integrated, systemic approaches to transform food systems. The Coalition of Action 4 Soil Health (CA4SH) was launched to bring soil health into focus with participation across sectors and scales to ultimately raise awareness about this critical ecosystem that we depend on, but which is being degraded at unprecedented rates. Since 2021, CA4SH has grown to include nearly 200 members (as of January 2025) representing the public and private sectors, research institutions, non-governmental organisations, farmer organisations and cooperatives, individuals, youth-led organisations, and indigenous organisations to mention some. The initiative has also had a strong focus on gender equity and social inclusion (GESI) in soil and landscape restoration. The Coalition promotes soil as a unifier across a diverse set of stakeholders, building partnerships to overcome critical economic, technical and institutional barriers to the adoption and scaling of healthy soil practices. Furthermore, CA4SH facilitates evidence-based policy and practice action for the scaling of restoration practices that improve soil health. The Private Sector Guiding Group, launched as part of the UNFSS, developed a call to action to support increased investments in healthy soil, and continues to support the actions of the Coalition. Its four working groups focus on communication, soil health monitoring and implementation, policy, and financial investment. In the first three years since its launch, the Coalition has engaged in multinational dialogues and contributed to the adoption of soil health in the outcomes from the UN Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) through the Koronivia joint work on agriculture (now the Sharm El-Sheikh Declaration), the UNFCCC COP28 UAE Declaration on Food Systems and Agriculture, the UNCCD COP16 Riyadh Action Agenda and also launched the Soil Health Resolution. Leveraging on the enabling policy environment, the Coalition catalyses public and private sector action with outcomes for economic returns and growth, productivity and rural livelihoods, climate and nature. The positioning of the Coalition in the current global environmental transition is pivotal to drive the multifaceted benefits that","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Approach to Address Soil Heterogeneity as a Source of Uncertainty in the Flux-Gradient Method: CO2 Case Studies","authors":"Valentin Gartiser,&nbsp;Verena Lang,&nbsp;Martin Maier","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flux-gradient method (FGM) is an important tool to study soil-atmosphere and subsurface gas fluxes. The simplicity of the approach can lead to an uncritical application. Typical uncertainty found in the input parameters is not considered in most cases. Their potential effect on the flux estimations might be negligible, but could also result in a relevant uncertainty or even bias. In this study, we investigated how measurement uncertainty and soil heterogeneity may affect the application of the FGM. We introduce a new analysis approach that allows to include (a) additional chamber measurements and (b) known parameter ranges/distribution of soil physical properties for model calibration and (c) to quantify the uncertainty in the flux estimate. The new Robust Calibrated Inverse FGM (RCI-FGM) approach is an extension of the FGM and shared within the new R-package ConFluxPro. In two soil CO₂ data studies, we demonstrate how soil heterogeneity affects gas flux estimations calculated with the FGM, and how RCI-FGM helps to derive more robust flux estimates. In study 1, we found that scattering (due to measurement uncertainty and soil heterogeneity) found typically in the total porosity of soils can drastically change the vertical concentration profile of soil CO₂. Assuming mean porosity in the FGM led to a significant bias in the estimated flux rates. The new RCI-FGM approach successfully reduced this bias by incorporating reference flux measurements for calibration. In study 2, we applied the RCI-FGM approach to a previously published dataset of forest soil CO₂ fluxes. RCI-FGM improved the fit to reference chamber measurements and the plausibility of the vertical partitioning of the flux rates. The application of the RCI-FGM approach in future studies was demonstrated for CO₂ fluxes but can be used for CH₄ and O₂ uptake in well-aerated soils. For soils and processes dominated by hot spots or hot moments, such as N₂O formation from denitrification, additional consideration may need to be taken. Our approach can help in future studies to address the uncertainty in the FGM method, improve the robustness of the estimated flux rates, and increase the comparability of studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Agroforestry Types-Induced Microtopography on Hillslope Erosion in Alpine Canyon Areas","authors":"Xiaopeng Shi,&nbsp;Yongren Chen,&nbsp;Shuqin He,&nbsp;Haiyan Yi,&nbsp;Zicheng Zheng,&nbsp;Ziteng Luo","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surface conditions, including vegetation cover and microtopography, affect soil erosion significantly. However, research on the hydrological processes of different agroforestry types on sloping farmland in southwest alpine canyon regions remains insufficient. The microtopographic evolution of different agroforestry types and a bare slope (CK) was investigated by field-based in situ scouring experiments. Agroforestry types were divided into Zanthoxylum + Plum + Canadian fleabane (ZPC), Zanthoxylum + Cherry + <i>Artemisia indica</i> (ZCA), Zanthoxylum + Green bean (ZG) and Plum + Soybean (PS). Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry was used to measure the microtopography of each slope under different scour discharge rates (6, 10 and 14 L·min⁻¹). The influence of microtopography on surface runoff and sediment yield was analysed. The results revealed that the ZPC type exhibited the greatest intensity of spatial variation in microtopography, while the PS type showed the smallest. The elevation of each hillslope under different agroforestry types varied from −100 to 100 mm, and the erosion distribution rate accounted for 38.37% to 80.77% of the total. Compared to the pre-experiment, the variation range of soil surface roughness (SSR), surface cutting depth (SCD), surface relief (SR) and microslope (MS) index were −16.49% to 11.56%, −24.79% to 32.32%, −22.72% to 33.44% and −17.36% to 19.42%, respectively. Under different scour discharge rates, the ZPC type effectively reduced runoff, while the ZCA type significantly decreased sediment yield. At a scour discharge of 14 L·min⁻¹, the initial runoff production time of the ZCA and ZPC types was significantly delayed compared to that of the CK hillslope, demonstrating a notable runoff reduction benefit. SSR and MS were positively correlated with sediment yield and runoff. SSR can be used to predict runoff and sediment yield in agroforestry areas. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and control of soil loss and the construction of prediction models for sloping farmland in alpine canyon areas.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid and Accurate Method for Estimating the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter (Q10)","authors":"Clément Bonnefoy-Claudet,&nbsp;Mathieu Thevenot,&nbsp;Jean Lévêque,&nbsp;Olivier Mathieu","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The carbon flux from soil organic matter degradation is significant and could increase with climate change, with a potential retroactive effect. The change in CO₂ emissions from soils due to temperature variations can be estimated using the Q₁₀ parameter, which measures how sensitive the rates of chemical reactions or biological processes are to temperature changes. This is a key parameter for estimating the effects of climate change on soil carbon fluxes and is used in many global carbon models, often as fixed values, although it appears to vary widely among ecosystems. Data currently available in the literature are difficult to compare, as they are based on different approaches and analytical protocols. In this study, the two most commonly used laboratory methods, equal-time and sequential, were compared using a respiration measurement system (respirometer). The results, based on different soils, are in agreement with the literature. The equal-time method provides better exponential adjustments for calculating Q₁₀ values. This approach also minimises potential biases caused by a reduction of available nutrients and/or changes in microbial community structure during the measurement period. For future studies of temperature sensitivity, we recommend the use of the equal-time method with a pre-incubation period, a high measurement frequency, and an incubation time not exceeding 24 h per temperature and sample. This work is based on an automated multi-position respirometer and can be adapted to any other CO₂ monitoring instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Necromass Carbon Distribution Differs Between Four Soil Types After Long-Term Straw Return","authors":"Mengmeng Xie,&nbsp;Peduruhewa H. Jeewani,&nbsp;Lukas Van Zwieten,&nbsp;Ziping Liu,&nbsp;Shasha Liu,&nbsp;Siyuan Lu,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Wang","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is an important fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) as it contributes to the long-term stable SOC pool. However, the effect of long-term straw return on MNC and its contribution to SOC accumulation across different soil types and soil depths remains insufficiently understood in agricultural ecosystems. By conducting a decadal scale field experiment across four soil types, long-term straw return was shown to increase SOC by 6%–109% and MNC by 3%–173% (except for the top 20 cm of Chernozem). MNC significantly increased only in the 0–40 cm of Phaeozem and 0–80 cm of Arenosol. The contribution of MNC to SOC increased significantly in the 0–40 cm layer of Phaeozem but remained almost unchanged in Chernozem, Lixisol, and Arenosol. Fungal necromass C (FNC) contributed significantly more to MNC accumulation than bacterial necromass C (BNC), comprising over 70% of MNC across all four soils. Mantel and Random Forest analyses revealed that microbial and soil properties positively influence MNC accumulation, with higher fungal phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) levels strongly linked to increased MNC content. The results indicate that edaphic variables regulate MNC through FNC. Our study demonstrates the changes in profile distribution of MNC following long-term straw return across four soil types and explores the divergent regulatory pathways of edaphic factors on MNC via FNC and BNC, which could contribute to the regulation of SOC accumulation in cropping soils.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Linkage Between Near-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Tritium Leaching","authors":"Ping Xin,&nbsp;Charles Pesch,&nbsp;Trine Norgaard,&nbsp;Goswin Heckrath,&nbsp;Lis W. de Jonge,&nbsp;Bo V. Iversen","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macropore flow in structured soils is an important process determining the transport of water, contaminants, and nutrients in the soil. Therefore, we also expect a close connection between hydraulic conductivity (<i>k</i>(<i>h</i>)) near saturation and the potential of macropore flow. In combination with measurements of soil hydraulic properties (SHPs), tracer breakthrough characteristics can be used to get an insight into the understanding of macropore flow in structured soils. In this study, we aim to investigate if a direct link exists between tracer breakthrough characteristics and SHPs of structured soils, which may partly explain the dynamics and the spatial variation of solute transport in soils. We hypothesize that a direct relationship exists between the characteristics of breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the near-saturated <i>k</i>(<i>h</i>) of the soil. We used SHPs and tracer breakthrough characteristics for 71 undisturbed topsoil columns (20 cm height, 20 cm diameter) sampled from eight different sites in Denmark. We defined <i>k</i>[10] (near-saturated hydraulic conductivity) as <i>k</i>(<i>h</i>) at a matric potential (<i>h</i>) of −10 cm. On the same soil columns, based on the tracer breakthrough experiment, we calculated the 5%, 25%, and 50% arrival times (ATs) as the percentage of the cumulative relative mass of the tritium tracer leaching through the soil column. Linear mixed models (LMMs) effectively captured the linear relationships among variables. However, applying a machine learning method (Gradient Boosting Decision Trees, GBDT) further clarified the importance of predictors by capturing nonlinear threshold effects and key interactions among soil hydraulic properties. Although the overall predictive accuracy of GBDT was slightly lower compared to LMM, both methods consistently highlighted <i>k</i>[10] as the most influential predictor, emphasizing its key role in preferential flow dynamics. We conclude that linking SHPs with tracer breakthrough characteristics on large intact columns is highly useful for characterizing soil macropore functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}