European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Soil Carbon Dynamics During Stand Rotation in Boreal Forests","authors":"Lorenzo Menichetti,&nbsp;Aleksi Lehtonen,&nbsp;Antti-Jussi Lindroos,&nbsp;Päivi Merilä,&nbsp;Saija Huuskonen,&nbsp;Liisa Ukonmaanaho,&nbsp;Raisa Mäkipää","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The utilisation of forest resources is frequently criticised for its adverse environmental impacts. In particular, the widespread use of rotation forestry practices, including clear-cutting, is viewed as a threat to ecosystems. Clear-cutting has short-term impacts that turn the forest into a net carbon (C) source, but such modifications to the ecosystem also have long-term effects. Any analyses of alternative management approaches should include at least one full rotation, which requires model extrapolations. In this study, we used data from a well-documented series of long-term forest monitoring sites in Finland (ICP Forests Level II), focusing on two recent clear-cut sites—one dominated by Scots pine and the other by Norway spruce. These data were utilised to constrain a soil C model and to extrapolate two future scenarios: rotation forestry and set-aside (unmanaged). We simulated these scenarios over a period exceeding one full rotation and compared the outcomes. Although the stand thinning events did not heavily affect the C balance of the studied sites, clear-cutting did. Each clear-cut event caused a negative soil organic carbon (SOC) balance for many decades. It took between 37 and 69 years (for Norway spruce and Scots pine, respectively) to reach a break-even point in which soil C losses compensated for C uptake. Emissions from coarse harvest residuals represented the greatest C source after clear-cutting, followed by fine roots and then foliage. When comparing such a scenario with a set-aside scenario, the soil C budget of the managed stand after clear-cut was negative until the first thinning or even until the following clear-cut, while the set-aside was always a C sink in soil. Thus, scenario analyses of forest C sequestration that disregard long-term soil C dynamics following management interventions may lead to biased conclusions. As a management regime, rotation forestry was relatively ineffective when evaluated considering C sequestration as an important ecosystem service.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Law and Soil Science to Promote Soil Health","authors":"Edwin Alblas,&nbsp;Anna Edlinger,&nbsp;Julian Helfenstein,&nbsp;Maria Jose Diaz Bernal,&nbsp;Dienke Stomph,&nbsp;Bjorn Berendsen,&nbsp;Maria J. I. Briones,&nbsp;Rachel Creamer,&nbsp;Fenny van Egmond,&nbsp;Gerard Grealish,&nbsp;Marei Hacke,&nbsp;Esmer Jongedijk,&nbsp;Andrew Lawson,&nbsp;Claudia Lima,&nbsp;James Moloney,&nbsp;Liesje Mommer,&nbsp;Madlene Nussbaum,&nbsp;Stirling Roberton,&nbsp;Mart Ros,&nbsp;Barbara Tempels","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite their crucial importance, soils generally enjoy limited legal protection, particularly when compared to other environmental domains such as air and water. We argue that legal systems are presently poorly equipped to effectively protect soil health, with a strong mismatch between the nature of law on the one hand, and the nature of soil on the other. Using the EU's proposed Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive as an example, we bring together knowledge from a wide range of disciplines to outline key challenges for enhancing legal protection for soils. In brief, while laws require uniformity and legal certainty, soils are by nature heterogeneous and their functioning is still not completely understood. Furthermore, while legal systems are inclined to impact soils at the property scale and as a commodity, from a scientific perspective soils are highly spatially interconnected and a non-renewable resource. Finally, laws require mechanisms to detect (non-) compliance, which can be very costly and complex given the nature of soils. For each challenge we discuss opportunities for scientists and law- and policymakers to address these gaps, including in terms of improved communication and priority areas for further research. Although challenges remain, tools are available to enhance evidence-based soil management and strengthen soil protection efforts globally.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-Smart Sustainability via a Risk Desertification and Degradation Model in Andean Agricultural Lands","authors":"Diana Lucia Correa-Moreno,&nbsp;Jeiner Y. Buitrago-Escobar,&nbsp;Yolanda Rubiano-Sanabria,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Loaiza-Usuga,&nbsp;Andrés Javier Peña Quiñones","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive methodological model was developed for evaluating the risk of desertification and land degradation in Andean mountainous areas (MRDA), as a support for climate-smart sustainability. The conceptual framework was based on the concept of risk and involved structuring the methodological model and adapting biophysical and land-use indicators to estimate the interaction between hazard and vulnerability, which determines the risk of desertification and land degradation in a specific site or region under Andean mountain tropical conditions. The model comprised the following three primary components: (1) evaluating the risk of desertification using climatic, geomorphometric, and land cover and -use indicators, (2) generating the soil vulnerability index by estimating the inherent and dynamic soil quality (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indicators), and (3) calculating the desertification risk index. The model was applied and calibrated in a pilot area in the Andean catchment, and the potential for differentiating areas with varying levels of risk was demonstrated. The analysis identified a clear trend, wherein the medium-risk desertification category was the dominant condition in the Amaime River basin, covering a significant area of 445.82 km² (42.7%). The results evidenced high- to medium-hazard conditions in areas with water deficit for the flat part and slopes &gt; 25%. These conditions are primarily found in areas under transitory crops, permanent crops, and pastures with highly intensive land uses distributed from the western to the northeast sectors in the basin. Furthermore, due to its simplicity, this approach could be used in similar regions in tropical areas to provide information on the progress or status of processes associated with desertification and land degradation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Innovative Framework Fosters Practical Application of Nematode-Based Indices in Soil Health Assessment","authors":"Reza Ghaderi,&nbsp;Helen L. Hayden,&nbsp;Ramesha H. Jayaramaiah,&nbsp;Hang-Wei Hu,&nbsp;Ji-Zheng He","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nematodes are versatile bioindicators of the soil food web in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Multiple nematode-based indices (NBIs), derived from morphological, life history and community traits, provide invaluable information on various aspects of soil health. However, a standardised approach is required to explicitly link NBIs to the soil health concept. Moreover, unifying all NBIs into a single quantitative index could offer a more comprehensive and straightforward bioindicator for soil health. The ecological foundations for individual NBIs have been well established, but a single standardised bioindicator for soil microfaunal communities including nematodes, remains absent. Here, we integrated existing knowledge on NBIs into an innovative framework for quantitatively assessing soil health and ecosystem functions. Moreover, we propose a new Nematode Soil Health (NSH) index which summarises all NBIs into a single quantitative bioindicator. The framework was tested with five case datasets covering different soil types, depths, land uses and seasonal variations. Results for Datasets 1 and 2 indicated no significant difference in NSH values among soil types (Ferrosol, Chromosol and Vertosol) but significantly greater NSH in topsoil compared to subsoil layers. Dataset 3 revealed that soil amendments with fauna significantly increased the NSH index compared to defaunated soils, supporting the role of soil faunal communities in maintaining soil health. The NSH index (in Dataset 4) was also significantly higher in perennial pastures than annual croplands and exhibited (in Dataset 5) seasonal variation, with higher values in spring compared to autumn. Although this framework requires further calibration, testing and standardisation on more nematode community datasets, it could be combined with quantitative estimations or graphical representations of NBIs to provide additional information relevant to soil health conditions. The NSH index has the potential to foster the practical application of NBIs in soil health assessment programs, enhancing their adoption by practitioners and farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dead Moss-Dominated Biocrusts Enhanced Soil Nutrients and Extracellular Enzyme Activities in a Temperate Desert","authors":"Benfeng Yin,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Jiwen Li,&nbsp;Xiaobing Zhou,&nbsp;Yonggang Li,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Ye Tao,&nbsp;Yongxin Zang,&nbsp;Yongxing Lu,&nbsp;Shujun Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanming Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the most advanced stage of biological soil crusts, moss crusts are crucial for maintaining the stability of the desert soil surface and regulating the hydrological and biochemical processes. Continuous warming and extreme precipitation events have resulted in the death of desert moss-dominated biocrusts to varying degrees. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on how dead moss-dominated biocrusts influence nutrients cycles in desert soils. In this study, we selected moss-dominated biocrusts in the Gurbantunggut desert. Soil chemical properties and six types of extracellular enzyme activities were determined at different soil depths underneath living and dead moss-dominated biocrusts. The results showed that dead moss-dominated biocrusts significantly enhanced the content of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and related extracellular enzyme activities, with the most pronounced effect on nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity. Meanwhile, the dead moss-dominated biocrusts alleviated microbial nitrogen limitation to a certain extent, but had limited effect on carbon limitation. Total nutrients (soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) and pH were the most important factors influencing vector length, while the most important factors influencing vector angle were available nutrients (NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, available phosphorus) and pH. These findings shed light on the impact of biocrusts on biogeochemical cycles and the nutrients (total or available nutrients) and pH were the vital factors influencing C- and N- limitation of microorganisms. This highlights the need to pay more attention to the impact of biocrusts' death on soil nutrient cycling when formulating desert ecosystem management under global climate change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Quality Indicators in Agroecological Practices: Lessons From a Systematic Review of Long-Term Experiments","authors":"Anita Maienza,&nbsp;Gabriele Buttafuoco,&nbsp;Gherardo Biancofiore,&nbsp;Akin Ün,&nbsp;Javier Renovell,&nbsp;Martin Pisarčik,&nbsp;Pavel Fuksa,&nbsp;Jerzy Grabiński,&nbsp;Erica Lumini,&nbsp;Sara Di Lonardo,&nbsp;Michelle Kushnir,&nbsp;Josef Hakl,&nbsp;Monika Vilkiene,&nbsp;Ieva Mockeviciene,&nbsp;Baiba Dirnena,&nbsp;Sabina Asins-Velis","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, there has been increasing recognition of soil as a vital and non-renewable natural resource that provides essential environmental, economic, and social benefits. Agronomic and soil management practices—such as tillage systems, crop rotation, and nutrient applications—significantly influence near-surface soil properties and related ecosystem services. There is growing interest in defining soil quality and establishing specific indicators regarding conservation practices. This systematic review was focused on Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) conducted in seven countries: Czech Republic, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Spain, and Turkey. The review examined the most frequently studied soil quality properties related to agroecological practices. Our goal was also to standardize the results based on the advanced works in recent years on soil ecosystem services. The findings underscore the strong interest in sustainable production with a particularly high presence of agroecological soil practices in Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs), especially in Italy and the Czech Republic. Cereals are among the most extensively studied crops under organic amendments and tillage intensity trials in the reviewed papers. Soil properties related to climate and environmental services (such as organic carbon) are the main indicators studied. Additionally, the review highlights a significant gap in soil biodiversity indicators in the agroecological long-term studies analysed. As a future direction, it is crucial to develop new, holistic soil quality indicators that encompass chemical–physical and biological aspects for soil monitoring and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying LSTM to Model Multi-Depth Soil Moisture Under Various Land Covers, Climates and Soils","authors":"Nasrin Azad,&nbsp;Amirreza Sheikhbaglou,&nbsp;Francis Zvomuya,&nbsp;Hailong He","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate estimation of multi-depth/profile soil moisture (SM) is required for sustainable water management in agriculture and hydrology. However, monitoring SM is costly and labour-intensive, and only limited soil depths can be instrumented with soil moisture sensors. Therefore, various numerical simulation and data assimilation techniques have been used in multi-depth soil moisture estimation. Machine learning (ML) has also gained popularity in SM estimation due to its ease of use and robustness, although proper handling of ML models also requires expertise and experience. However, the applicability of ML to estimate time series of multi-depth SM under different land uses is mainly limited by the choice of ML models and the availability of SM data. In addition, the reliability of the trained model remains unknown when it is applied to different locations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the widely used Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to estimate multi-depth SM under different land covers, climates, and soils. A minimum of 10 years' daily meteorological and soil data at multiple depths were collected from six U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations with different land covers and various climates and soils. These data were used to train the LSTM model and optimize its input parameters. Performance of the trained LSTM model was evaluated for multi-depth SM estimation at two other “monitoring” stations with similar conditions. SM modeling at shallow depths (e.g., 5, 10 and 20 cm) was most accurate (&lt; 10% mean absolute percent error, MAPE) with precipitation and antecedent time series of SM as inputs, while the best SM estimates at deeper depths (e.g., 50 and 100 cm) were attained with antecedent SM time series as the input. Generation of the trained LSTM model from one station to other stations emphasized on the similar soil and land cover conditions. It is hoped that this research would provide better understandings of multi-depth SM modeling and offer new insights improving profile SM modeling accuracy for un-instrumented sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined and Extended Procedure for Measuring the Soil Water Retention and Hydraulic Conductivity Curves","authors":"Cristina P. Contreras,&nbsp;Sara E. Acevedo,&nbsp;Carlos J. Ávila,&nbsp;Sofía I. Martínez,&nbsp;Carlos A. Bonilla","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil-specific properties like water retention and hydraulic conductivity are largely used in soil and environmental modelling and are typically obtained after laboratory analyses. So far, no single method is available to measure the entire suction range for water retention or hydraulic conductivity. Common methods for describing the soil water retention curve (SWRC) include simplified evaporation, pressure plates, neutron spectroscopy, and dewpoint. Regarding hydraulic conductivity, the techniques vary for the saturated or unsaturated condition, using tension disks and transient evaporation methods. In the search for a procedure to describe the entire water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves, the objective of this study was to illustrate the combination and use of a series of laboratory methods in eight different semi-hierarchical combinations to cover the whole suction range (0 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ le $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> pF <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ le $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 7). The data obtained from each combination was used to fit the van Genuchten-Mualem equation and compared using the RMSE and Akaike statistics. The main results show that using a combination of many methods for the water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves did not necessarily improve the curve fitting. However, adding data points at near saturation (pF close to 0) or from the driest part of the curve (pF <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ ge $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 4) improved the estimates on both curves. Specifically, for the clay soil, the RMSE for the hydraulic conductivity curve decreased from 0.0372 to 0.0369 cm/d when measurements from near saturation were added. For the sandy loam 2 soil, the RMSE for the water retention curve decreased from 0.039 to 0038 when including data from the driest part of the curve. Among all the soil-water-related parameters tested in this study, the estimates for the water retention content at the permanent wilting point (<i>θ</i>_{1500 kPa}) showed the largest difference among all the combinations of methods, up to 52%. In contrast, the difference in the water content at field capacity (<i>θ</i>_{33 kPa}) estimates was only 3%. This study provides an evaluation and insights to identify the best combination of methods when measuring or parametrizing the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Soil Detachment Capacity to Land Use Change Mediated by Ecological Engineering in Southwest China","authors":"Qian Jiang,&nbsp;Zicheng Zheng,&nbsp;Shuqin He,&nbsp;Zhenkun Wang,&nbsp;Nana Wang,&nbsp;Longlong An","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After two decades of afforestation implementation in purple soil areas, land use has transformed, subsequently altering the erosional environment. The inherent complexity and uncertainty associated with soil properties and plant root characteristics within root–soil systems across different land uses hinder a deep understanding of soil detachment capacity (<i>D</i>_c) changes and their driving factors. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the interrelationships between root traits and soil properties to quantifying land use effects on <i>D</i>_c in purple soil areas and identify key influencing factors. Soil samples from croplands, orchards and woodlands were subjected to scouring experiments in a 4 × 0.35 m hydraulic flume under six shear stresses (ranging from 3.79 to 16.24 Pa). The results showed significant variations in mean <i>D</i>_c across land uses with croplands exhibiting the highest erosion susceptibility (2.64 kg m⁻² s⁻¹), followed by orchards (1.39 kg m⁻² s⁻¹) and woodlands demonstrating the lowest detachment rates (0.06 kg m⁻² s⁻¹). The observed <i>D</i>_c variability was attributed to differential interactions between hydraulic conditions, soil properties and plant root traits across land uses. Among hydraulic parameters, the stream power (<i>w</i>) emerged as the most effective predictor for <i>D</i>_c estimation. Path analysis indicated that soil organic matter (SOM) and root mass density (RMD) were the primary determinants influencing <i>D</i>_c variations. A predictive model was subsequently established incorporating <i>w</i>, SOM and RMD as independent variables, demonstrating high accuracy (<i>R</i>² = 0.92, NSE = 0.91). These provide valuable insights into soil detachment mechanisms under different land uses and offer theoretical support for optimising conservation strategies in the ‘Grain for Green’ program.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Multifunctionality Responses to Warming and Nitrogen Addition and the Mediating Bacteria Vary by Biocrust Type","authors":"Xinhao Li,&nbsp;Chang Tian,&nbsp;Chongfeng Bu,&nbsp;Peng Gao,&nbsp;Shufang Wu,&nbsp;Jin Fan,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang,&nbsp;Jingwen Pang,&nbsp;Yingxin Wei,&nbsp;Kadambot H. M. Siddique,&nbsp;Han Luo","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate warming and nitrogen deposition—two key drivers of global change—significantly influence soil multifunctionality and microbial community dynamics. Biocrusts are crucial in mitigating these impacts and supporting soil ecological functions and biodiversity. However, how soil multifunctionality and microbial communities within different biocrusts respond to these drivers—and the mechanisms involved—remains unclear. This study explores the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil multifunctionality and bacterial communities in cyanobacterial and moss crusts in the Mu Us Sandland. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling, we identified the pathways through which these global change factors influence soil multifunctionality. Our results show that warming and nitrogen addition exert significant yet contrasting effects on soil multifunctionality and bacterial community structure, varying markedly between biocrust types. Specifically, warming enhanced soil multifunctionality in moss crusts but reduced it in cyanobacterial crusts. Combined warming and nitrogen addition significantly decreased bacterial alpha diversity in moss crusts, while cyanobacterial crusts were relatively unresponsive. Moreover, key bacterial phyla—particularly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes—mediated the effects of warming and nitrogen addition through changes in their relative abundances, exerting negative and positive influences on multifunctionality in cyanobacterial and moss crusts, respectively. This study underscores the capacity of moss crusts to maintain soil multifunctionality under global change conditions and reveals a key mechanism by which shifts in dominant bacterial phyla mediate biocrust responses to environmental stressors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}