European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Legacy of Warming and Cover Crops on the Response of Soil Microbial Function to Repeated Drying and Rewetting Cycles","authors":"Adetunji Alex Adekanmbi,&nbsp;Yiran Zou,&nbsp;Xin Shu,&nbsp;Giacomo Pietramellara,&nbsp;Shamina Imran Pathan,&nbsp;Lindsay Todman,&nbsp;Tom Sizmur","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response of soils to extreme weather events will become increasingly important in the future as more frequent and severe floods and droughts are expected to subject soils to drying and rewetting cycles as a result of climate change. These extreme events will be experienced against a backdrop of overall warming. Farmers are adopting cover cropping as a sustainable management practice to increase soil organic matter and benefit soil health. Cover crops may also increase the resilience of soils to help mitigate the impacts of climate change. We examined the legacy of warming and cover crops on the response of soil microbial function to repeated drying and rewetting cycles. We introduced open-top chambers to warm the soil surface of a field plot experiment in which cover crops (single-species monocultures and 4-species polycultures) were grown over the summer after harvest and before planting autumn sown cash crops in a cereal rotation. Soil samples were collected from warmed and ambient areas of the experimental plots in spring, before harvesting the cereal crop. Warming significantly increased, and cover crops significantly decreased, the abundance of genes encoding fungal β-glucosidase. We quantified respiration (a measure of soil microbial function) with high-frequency CO₂ flux measurements after 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 wet/dry cycles imposed in the laboratory and the addition of barley grass powder substrate at a rate of 10 mg g⁻¹ soil. We observed lower cumulative substrate-induced respiration in soils previously planted with cover crop mixtures than expected from the average of the same species grown in monoculture. Repeated drying and rewetting cycles increased the cumulative substrate-induced respiration rate observed, suggesting that repeated perturbations selected for a community adapted to processing the barley shoot powder more quickly. When we calculated the cumulative respiration after 8 wet/dry cycles, relative to cumulative respiration after 0 wet/dry cycles (which we infer represents the extent to which microbial communities adapted to repeated drying and rewetting cycles), our data revealed that the legacy of warming significantly reduced soil microbial community adaptation, but the legacy of cover crops significantly increased, soil microbial community adaptation. This adaptation of the soil microbial community was positively correlated with the concentration of water-extractable organic carbon in the soils before imposing the drying and rewetting cycles and/or adding the substrate. We conclude that cover crops may enhance the ability of the soil microbial community to adapt to drought events and mitigate the impact of warming, possibly due to the provision of labile organic carbon for the synthesis of osmolytes which then prime the decomposition of labile plant material upon rewetting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Mineralisation of Organic Matter in Alpine Soils and Responses to Global Warming: An In Vitro Approach","authors":"Nicolas Bonfanti,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Clement,&nbsp;Annie Millery-Vigues,&nbsp;Tamara Münkemüller,&nbsp;Yves Perrette,&nbsp;Jérôme Poulenard","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountains are particularly vulnerable to climate change, as they are warming at a rate that exceeds the global average, significantly impacting cold-adapted ecosystems. In these environments, soil organic matter (SOM) stocks are often considerably larger than at lower elevations. These stocks are therefore highly susceptible to global warming and the associated risk of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) emissions driven by temperature-induced increases in SOM mineralisation. In order to quantify these emissions and the change of mineralisation rates under warming, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the annual mineralisation balance. We investigated how warming impacts the duration and intensity of mineralisation in different seasons. The main aim of this study is to quantify alpine SOM mineralisation rates and GHG production under a range of seasonal conditions, including those associated with warming. An in vitro approach was employed to expose alpine topsoils (0–10 cm) to the conditions of key seasonal periods: snow cover, growing season and rainfall/snowmelt. This was achieved by experimentally varying temperature and inflow of precipitation water. Additionally, the soil samples were subjected to a temperature increase of 4°C. The short-term responses of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralisation and GHG production were monitored. The results demonstrated that alpine soil respiration rates exhibited a twofold increase with a 4°C warming, while the relative proportion of labile SOM demonstrated a decline with rising temperatures. Water saturation from simulated rain and snowmelt played a crucial role in organic matter mineralisation and increased the mineralisation of carbon (+12% to +53%), nitrogen (+20% to +80% of net ammonification) and phosphorus (+50% of net phosphate production). This suggests that nutrients present in the snowpack or the rain were added to the soil. In contrast, soil–water saturation decreased net nitrate production by between 10% and 90%. The results of this study highlight the potential for alpine soil warming to release labile SOM and demonstrate the influence of the snow regime on nutrient and carbon fluxes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur Regulation on Microbial Biodiversity in a Montane Peatland","authors":"Rani Carroll,&nbsp;Thomas C. Jeffries,&nbsp;Jason K. Reynolds","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peatlands occur globally, and peat's microbial biodiversity is dominated by nutrient cycling. Peat soils derive acidity through carbon cycling, and the role of sulfur-utilising bacteria is less understood. A montane peatland within the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area in New South Wales, Australia, was investigated to understand microbial controls on sulfide acidity. Peat soils were mildly acidic, with sulfides present in the transition and reduced zones. Sulfur-reducing bacteria, including from the Desulfobaccaceae and Syntrophobacteraceae families, were present in the transition and reduced zones of the soil profile. The key drivers of the microbial biodiversity were acid extractable sulfate in the oxidised zone (0–20 cm) and chromium reducible sulfur potential acidity in the transition to reduced (60–150 cm) zones. This peatland is unique as it reflects a montane, freshwater landscape with sulfides at depth, which exert a distinct control on soil microbial biodiversity. The formation and presence of sulfides place the site at risk for acidity generation, where landscape dehydration may occur.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of EMI-Measured Magnetic Susceptibility to Characterise Soil Drainage Conditions Over Various Soil Types","authors":"Farzad Shirzaditabar,&nbsp;Richard J. Heck,&nbsp;Mike Catalano","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electromagnetic induction (EMI), by Geonics EM38, was used to characterise the volumetric magnetic susceptibility (MS) of soils on 12 farms in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Three different points on lower, middle and upper slope positions were selected at each farm to represent poorly-, moderate- and well-drained soil. Soil core samples were collected for each measurement point, from which soil redoximorphic conditions (gleying and mottling) were characterised at 5 cm depth increments. The volume MS, mass-specific MS and frequency dependence (FD) of MS of soil samples were carried out using Bartington MS2C and MS2B sensors, respectively. The impact of heating the samples to 400°C and 700°C on soil MS was also investigated. Results show that at each farm, the lowest volume MS values belong to soils at the lower slope position, which is poorly drained, and the highest volume MS values belong to the soils at the upper slope position, which is well drained. The inverted models from apparent MS data, measured by EM38, seem to be good representatives of volume MS readings attained from core samples. Results show that at most of the selected points, while the FD is higher in poorly drained points than in moderate and well-drained ones, the mass-specific MS shows an opposite behaviour, which can be used as attributes to characterise poorly and well-drained soil conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Isothermal Thermogravimetric Profiles in the Low Temperature Range (60°C–200°C)","authors":"Zizheng Deng,&nbsp;Xue Song,&nbsp;Chong Chen,&nbsp;Emmanuel Arthur,&nbsp;Hu Zhou,&nbsp;Jianying Shang,&nbsp;Markus Tuller","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge about the isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) profiles of soils within the low-temperature range (60°C–200°C) and their relationship to physicochemical properties are limited. The isothermal TG profiles of three typical clay minerals and eight mineral soils with varying clay contents (6%–47%) and clay mineralogies were measured within the temperature range of 60°C–200°C. Except for kaolinite, which showed a linear increase in mass loss (ML) with temperature, the ML of all other samples showed a logarithmic increase with temperature. For clay minerals, the ML was in the order of montmorillonite &gt; illite &gt; kaolinite at different temperature levels. For minerals soils, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the important factor affecting soil ML at different temperatures. Soil water content decreased linearly with increasing pF (logarithm of negative water potential) within the temperature range of 60°C–200°C, and the relationship between water content and pF can be well described with the Campbell and Shiozawa (1992) model (<i>R</i>² = 0.98–1.00). The reciprocal of model parameter SL had a very significant correlation with CEC or specific surface area determined from water vapour adsorption (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>SSA</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{SSA}}_{{mathrm{H}}_2mathrm{O}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). Our results implied that the easily measured isothermal TG data have the potential to be used to estimate some important soil properties (e.g., CEC and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>SSA</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{SSA}}_{{mathrm{H}}_2mathrm{O}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Management Strategies for Enhancing Soil Resilience to Climate Change: Insights From Africa","authors":"Abdulkareem Raheem,&nbsp;Oluwaseyi Oyewale Bankole,&nbsp;Frederick Danso,&nbsp;Moshood Olawale Musa,&nbsp;Temilade Anifata Adegbite,&nbsp;Victor Bamidele Simpson","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Africa, where agriculture is the backbone of the economy and sustains livelihoods, the increasing threat of climate change necessitates a shift towards strategies that improve soil resilience. This study explores a range of soil and water conservation techniques, organic amendments and agroforestry, focusing on their application to specific soil types such as Luvisols, Lixisols, Ferralsols, Nitisols, Vertisols, Cambisols and Arenosols, tailored to address Africa's diverse agroecological zones under a changing climate. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of soil physical management in ensuring resilience to climate change, supported by evidence from long-term studies. Our review demonstrates that these physical management strategies are essential for improving soil structure, increasing moisture retention, reducing erosion and enhancing soil organic matter. These improvements contribute to more resilient agricultural systems that maintain productivity despite fluctuating climatic conditions. However, their implementation in Africa faces challenges such as high soil variability, barriers to adoption and resource constraints. Despite these obstacles, significant opportunities exist to build resilience through tailored strategies that align with local soil and climate conditions, supported by innovative policies and the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific research. Therefore, we advocate for an integrated approach that harmonises local expertise, scientific advancements and policy interventions to transform Africa's croplands. By addressing both the biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil management, this approach can foster resilient, productive and sustainable agricultural systems capable of ensuring food security amidst climate variability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Rilling and Biochar Addition Affect Hydraulic Properties of a Clay-Loam Soil","authors":"Vincenzo Bagarello,&nbsp;Pellegrino Conte,&nbsp;Vito Ferro,&nbsp;Massimo Iovino,&nbsp;Calogero Librici,&nbsp;Alessio Nicosia,&nbsp;Vincenzo Palmeri,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pampalone,&nbsp;Francesco Zanna","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rill erosion is a significant problem worldwide as it determines relevant amounts of soil loss on hillslopes. Although, in the last few years, many studies have focused on rill erosion and biochar as soil amendment, their influence on soil hydrological properties and relevance on soil conservation strategies is still uncertain. In this paper, the effects of rill formation and biochar addition on the physical and hydraulic properties of a clay-loam soil were assessed by laboratory measurements (water retention, hydraulic conductivity, minidisk infiltrometer data and &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry with the fast field cycling (FFC) setup) and field tests (rill formation tests at the plot scale). The rilled and non-rilled soils did not show any difference in the volume of pores with a diameter (&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;) &gt; 300 μm, but the former showed a smaller volume for the pores in the size range between 300 and 0.2 μm. As compared with an untreated rilled soil, the addition of 5% (w w&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) biochar in the soil in which the rill is incised did not change the volume of pores with &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 300 μm, while there were more pores of both 30 ≤ &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 300 μm and 0.2 ≤ &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 30 μm. Moreover, there were less pores with &lt;i&gt;d &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.2 μm. Shaping the rill did not influence the hydraulic conductivity of the nearly saturated soil (pressure head, &lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt; = −1 cm), while it determined a significant decrease of the soil ability to transmit water in more unsaturated conditions (&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt; ≤ −3 cm). The addition of biochar to the soil improved, in general, the soil aptitude to transmit water, regardless of the pore size. However, this improvement was statistically irrelevant in the case of a transport process governed by larger pores. The hydrological measurements also demonstrated that the addition of a large amount of biochar (5%) impedes soil characteristics alteration as the changes due to rilling are balanced by adding biochar in the soil. NMR was also used to measure the structural and functional connectivity of the original soil, the biochar and a mixture with three biochar concentrations (i.e., &lt;i&gt;BC&lt;/i&gt; = 1%, 3% and 5% w w&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) traditionally applied in agronomical activity. These measurements revealed that the mixture of soil and biochar was characterised by longitudinal relaxation time (&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) values, which are related to pore sizes, longer than those measured for the soil. In addition, the soil empirical cumulative frequency distribution of &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; was always skewed towards shorter &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; values, thereby suggesting that the macro-pore component (i.e., the largest &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; values) was never dominant while biochar addition increased the size of mesopores and micropores. Biochar concentrations larger than 3% (w w&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) did not produce appreciable changes in the pore distribution inside the mixture. The biochar component improved the structural con","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting and Mapping the Phosphorus Adsorption Maximum and Phosphorus Adsorption Affinity Constant at Regional Scale","authors":"Yu Gu,&nbsp;Gerard H. Ros,&nbsp;Qichao Zhu,&nbsp;Dongfang Zheng,&nbsp;Jianbo Shen,&nbsp;Wim de Vries","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insight into the variation of the soil phosphorus (P) adsorption maximum (Q_max) and the P adsorption affinity constant (K_L) is crucial for accurately assessing the dynamics of P availability, P uptake and P leaching in agricultural systems at regional scale. Data on the variation in soil P adsorption characteristics, derived from traditional batch experiments, combined with data on soil properties affecting them, such as pH, clay and organic matter content, can be used to assess the influence of soil properties on P adsorption characteristics. However, current studies are limited to explaining the variation in Q_max using linear models, focusing on either noncalcareous or calcareous soils. This study aims to (1) identify the soil properties governing both Q_max and K_L for a combination of noncalcareous and calcareous soils, including nonlinear and interaction effects; and (2) create spatial maps depicting the variations in both soil P adsorption characteristics at the regional scale (two typical Chinese counties). We leveraged 83 data points of both Q_max and K_L from 16 publications with main soil properties affecting P adsorption, that is, pH and the content of soil organic matter (SOM), clay and oxalate extractable Fe and Al (Fe_OX and Al_OX), to develop predictive models for soil P adsorption. General linear regression (GLM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) models were used to unravel the relationships between soil properties and P adsorption characteristics. The XGB model outperformed GLM model, explaining more than 80% of the variations in both Q_max and K_L in noncalcareous and calcareous soils, while the GLM model explained 52% for Q_max and only 21% for K_L. Key drivers influencing Q_max were found to be Fe_OX, Al_OX and pH, while clay and pH played significant roles in explaining the variability in K_L. When applying these models at the county level using county-level inventory data, noncalcareous soils generally exhibited higher P sorption capacity and binding energy than calcareous soils. To enhance the accuracy of soil P sorption predictions and guide sustainable P fertiliser use, regional mapping of Fe_OX and Al_OX content is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Biological and Chemical Soil Properties in an Austrian Long-Term Tillage Experiment","authors":"Heide Spiegel,&nbsp;Taru Sandén,&nbsp;Hans Sandén,&nbsp;Sophia Götzinger,&nbsp;Julia Miloczki,&nbsp;Ellen Kandeler","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional tillage, including ploughing after harvest and/or for seedbed preparation, aims to incorporate crop residues and weeds and to loosen, mix and aerate the soil. However, less beneficial effects, such as a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), are also associated with intensive tillage. This has made reduced and minimum tillage systems without ploughing increasingly popular in agriculture, contributing to soil health and climate change mitigation. We studied the effects of different tillage systems on chemical and microbial soil properties in a long-term field experiment established on a fine-sandy loamy Haplic Chernozem in Fuchsenbigl, Austria, in 1988. The tillage treatments include conventional tillage (CT) with a plough and a cultivator down to 30 cm soil depth, reduced tillage (RT) with a cultivator down to 15 cm two to three times a year, as well as minimum tillage (MT) treated with a rotary driller once a year down to 5–8 cm soil depth. In 2016, a soil sampling campaign was conducted, and alkaline phosphatase, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and the nitrogen (N) mineralisation potential were analysed along with chemical properties including SOC, active C, total nitrogen (N_t), CAL extractable phosphorus (P_CAL) and potassium (K_CAL). Under MT, these properties were significantly higher compared to CT in 0–10 cm. In deeper soil layers, these parameters showed very few significant differences between the tillage treatments. RT yielded intermediate values but not always significantly different from CT. PLFA indicators significantly correlated with SOC and, even more distinctly, with N_t and active carbon. The high ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria indicates more recalcitrant organic matter in the top layer in MT than CT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BLOSOM: A Plant Growth Facility Optimised for Continuous 13C Labelling and Measurement of Soil Organic Matter Dynamics","authors":"Nina L. Friggens,&nbsp;Neville England,&nbsp;Julian B. Murton,&nbsp;Gareth K. Phoenix,&nbsp;Iain P. Hartley","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Changes in soil carbon (C) stocks are largely driven by rhizosphere processes forming new soil organic matter (SOM) or stimulating SOM decomposition by rhizosphere priming effects (RPEs). Quantifying these changes is challenging and requires high spatial sampling densities or plant–soil experiments with highly distinct C isotopic signatures for plants and soils. Current methods for quantifying new SOM formation and RPEs rely on low labelling intensities, which introduces high levels of uncertainty. Here, we describe the design and operation of an experimental laboratory facility—BLOSOM (Botanical Labelling Observatory for Soil Organic Matter)—optimised for continuous ¹³C labelling of plants at high labelling intensities (&gt; 500‰) to quantify new SOM formation and RPEs in temperature-controlled soils from 216 experimental units. Throughout a &gt; 6-month experimental period, independent control of soil and air temperature was achieved across diurnal cycles averaging at 5.24°C ± 0.05°C and 21.4°C ± 1.2°C, respectively. BLOSOM can maintain stable CO₂ concentrations and δ¹³C isotopic composition within 5% of setpoints (CO₂: 440 ppm, δ¹³C: 515‰) across a &gt; 6-month period. This high-precision control on atmospheric enrichment enables the detection of new SOM formation with a total uncertainty of ±39% to ±3% for a theoretical range of 0.5%–10% new SOM formation, respectively. BLOSOM has the potential improve quantification and mechanistic understanding of new SOM formation and RPEs across many different combinations of plants, soils and simulated climatic conditions to mimic a wide range of ecosystems and climate scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}