European Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Temperature and water content estimation in soils of the semi-arid region of Brazil using finite difference and CFD","authors":"Daniel Milian Pérez,&nbsp;Abel Gámez Rodríguez,&nbsp;Yaicel Ge Proenza,&nbsp;Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino,&nbsp;José Romualdo de Sousa Lima,&nbsp;Severino Martins dos Santos Neto,&nbsp;Artur Paiva Coutinho,&nbsp;Marcus Metri Correa","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13583","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining the temperature and water content of soil, at a given instant or along time, is fundamental to understand several soil-related phenomena and processes. Evaporation, aeration, chemical-reaction rates and types, biological processes such as germination and growth of seeds, root development, nutrient and water uptake by roots, and decomposition of organic matter by microbes, are all strongly influenced by soil temperature. On the other hand, infiltration of water through the soil surface allows soil to temporarily store water, making it available for uptake by plants and organisms living in soil. Furthermore, soil water content is closely related to physical and chemical properties of soil, such as oxygen content and demand, which impacts root breathing, microbial activity and soil chemical balance. The accurate evaluation of these two parameters and their interconnection is even relevant in semi-arid regions, where climate conditions are particularly difficult, such as the north-eastern zone of Brazil. Thus, the use of computational models and coupled approaches are imperative for rigorous descriptions. This work presents a contribution to estimate soil temperature and water content, by solving the heat transfer equation and the Richards equation, respectively, through finite differences. As input, the model uses the experimental material composition of the soil, the time-dependent temperature profile at the surface and information about the regional rain regime. Three different numerical approaches were implemented: explicit, simple implicit and the Crank–Nicolson method. The calculations for temperature and water content of the soil obtained with these computational models were compared with the results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The relative differences between the numerical methods were less than 0.006% by solving the heat transfer equation and less than 2.75% using the Richards equation. The maximum relative differences within the model, including both a constant and a variable water-content profile, were 3.28%. The results from the computational model using the CFX tool have maximum relative differences of 0.6%, which contributes to verifying the accuracy of the implemented methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"33P-isotope labelling ammonium phosphate fertilizers reveals majority of early growth maize phosphorus is soil-derived","authors":"Neha Chatterjee,&nbsp;Chongyang Li,&nbsp;Andrew J. Margenot","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13578","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In soils managed to have adequate to high Mehlich-3 phosphorus (P) concentrations throughout the US Maize Belt, the majority of crop P is soil-derived. Struvite, a low water solubility ammonium phosphate fertilizer, may be therefore substituted for relatively high water-soluble monoammonium phosphate (MAP) without adversely impacting maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) P uptake and growth, while minimizing fertilizer P loss risk. We determined the relative contribution of struvite and MAP to maize P uptake and soil solution P in soils representative of the US Maize Belt by radiolabelling fertilizers with ³³P. We found 8% (struvite) to 22% (MAP) of early-to-mid vegetative growth stage (V7) maize P was fertilizer-derived, and thus, 78%–92% was soil-derived. Despite similar aboveground P uptake and maize growth, maize P use efficiency (PUE) determined directly by ³³P was &lt;5% for MAP (4.9%) and struvite (1.9%) indicating that in soils with adequate to high crop-available P, early season fertilizer PUE is relatively low. If prorated to harvest stage, in-season PUE was estimated to be 8% for struvite and 20% for MAP. MAP and struvite did not differ in relative contributions to water-extractable P, a proxy for P loss risk, potentially reflecting lag effects in struvite P dissolution and/or the relatively fine particle size of synthesized fertilizers (&lt;0.1 mm diameter). Since maize aboveground biomass and P uptake were similar for both struvite and MAP, struvite could be an effective P fertilizer for soils with adequate to high Mehlich-3 P concentrations common across the US Maize Belt.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Effectiveness of soil management strategies for mitigation of N2O emissions in European arable land: A meta-analysis”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Valkama, E., Tzemi, D., Esparza-Robles, U.R., Syp, A., O'Toole, A., Maenhout, P (2024). Effectiveness of soil management strategies for mitigation of N₂O emissions in European arable land: A meta-analysis. <i>European Journal of Soil Science</i>, 75(3), e13488. 10.1111/ejss.13488</p><p>In Table 3, Environmental zone “Alpine North” was incorrect, except for ID13 Hansen et al. (1993). This should have read “Atlantic North.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned from existing carbon removal methodologies for agricultural soils to drive European Union policies","authors":"Irene Criscuoli,&nbsp;Andrea Martelli,&nbsp;Ilaria Falconi,&nbsp;Francesco Galioto,&nbsp;Maria Valentina Lasorella,&nbsp;Stefania Maurino,&nbsp;Avion Phillips,&nbsp;Guido Bonati,&nbsp;Giovanni Dara Guccione","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil plays a central role in the global carbon (C) cycle and the fight against climate change as it contains the largest existing organic C stock on earth. Natural processes exacerbated by climate change and unsustainable agricultural soil management practices are contributing to the steady decrease in organic C stocks in farmland. Carbon farming practices, underpinned by various incentives, can be used to maintain and increase C stocks in agricultural soils. Carbon credit mechanisms, that is, tradable credits each corresponding to one tonne of CO₂eq, are one such incentive. Carbon credits are issued upon the demonstration of increased soil C stocks over time through the application of C accounting methodologies for each agroecosystem and farming practice. This study presents a detailed and critical analysis of carbon credit methodologies, focusing on agricultural soil C in temperate zones, by comparing the European Commission proposal for a regulation on carbon removals with relevant certification frameworks implemented in extra-European Union industrialized countries (Australia, Alberta in Canada, United States). Based on this, we recommend strengthening the European Commission proposal by (i) expanding the list of eligible agricultural practices, (ii) setting a minimum maintenance time frame for each agricultural practice and incentivizing longer duration, (iii) setting the Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as a regulatory baseline, (iv) beyond the regulatory baseline, defining a farm level baseline in terms of carbon farming practices applied that can be monitored through the Integrated Administration and Control System of the CAP, (v) clarifying the interaction between the European Commission proposal of regulation and the CAP, the Soil Monitoring Law, and Land Use/Cover Area Frame Survey inventory, (vi) retaining a portion of unsold carbon credits as a buffer against the risk of reversal and (vii) applying a default discount to account for leakage risk if yield reductions are observed. We propose these recommendations to guarantee effective environmental protection, technical and bureaucratic feasibility as well as economic affordability for farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant effect of salinity on zinc adsorption on tropical coastal and floodplain soils","authors":"Md. Hanif,&nbsp;Jay Bullen,&nbsp;Yves Plancherel,&nbsp;Matthew Kirby,&nbsp;Guy Kirk,&nbsp;Dominik Weiss","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13575","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rising sea levels due to climate change are causing increased salinisation of low-lying coastal and floodplain soils, and the impact of this process on the bioavailability of plant nutrients needs to be understood as mitigation strategies are adapted. Zinc (Zn) is an element of particular importance due to its function as a micronutrient for plants including rice and other staple foods. In the current study, our aim was to investigate the effects of salinisation on zinc adsorption onto soils representing at-risk coastal and floodplain environments, addressing in particular our knowledge gap concerning the roles that solution chemistry and soil composition play. To this end, we conducted batch adsorption experiments in the laboratory and ran geochemical models in saline solutions up to 0.7 mol L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; ion strength incorporating both (i) a multi surface model (MSM) for surface reactions containing three phases, that is iron hydroxides, organic matter and phyllosilicate clays, and (ii) aqueous-phase complexation to dissolved organic and inorganic ligands. Surface reactions were modelled using the diffuse double layer model, the NICA–Donnan model and an ion exchange model using the Gaines–Thomas convention. We combined the experimentally determined mass composition of surface phases with generic modelling parameters taken from the literature. We first show that increasing salinity enhances the formation of aqueous Zn-chloride complexes in the presence of dissolved organic matter and bicarbonate, thereby decreasing the availability of free Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and supressing the partitioning of zinc to the adsorbed phase. We demonstrate using batch adsorption experiments with a calcareous hydraquent and a tropaquept, that salinity decreases zinc adsorption strongly in the pH range between 3 and 6. Satisfactory agreement between experiments and model calculations was achieved with root-mean-square errors ranging for different salinities between 2.88% and 2.92% for the hydraquent and between 4.59% and 2.74% for the tropaquept soil. Model predictions of adsorption were slightly inferior at low salinity for the hydraquent soil and at high salinity for the tropaquept soil, pointing possibly to an incomplete geochemical model or to a need to parametrise surface adsorption models at higher ionic strengths. Present surface models have been largely parametrised at lower ionic strength. We lastly apply the MSM to examine zinc adsorption in five endoaquepts soils, representing soil series from Bangladesh. We show that increasing salinity decreases zinc adsorption to the soil organic matter and the clay fractions. We conclude from our findings that increased soil salinity due to rising sea levels and climate change will have a significant impact on zinc cycling and possibly other micronutrients in areas where coastal soils and floodplain soils overlap, such as deltas and estuaries. In particular, we predict a decrease in zinc adsorption in acidic to neutral ","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to focus soil research when contributing to environmental agricultural regulations aimed at sustainable development","authors":"Johan Bouma,&nbsp;Tom Scrope","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current environmental regulations for agriculture in the Netherlands and England focus on the application of certain selected management measures as an empirical basis for providing subsidies. Farmers like this simple, straightforward approach. The link with sustainable development is, however, not defined and this can become problematic when procedures may be challenged in future. A procedure focusing on the measurement of ecosystem services in line with selected UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can provide this link, but whether or not this more complicated procedure will be attractive for farmers is still unclear. The soil science community would be well advised to discuss their future role in developing scientifically sound operational procedures that would be acceptable to both farmers and policy makers and would be aimed at contributing to the sustainable development of society at large.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Using spatial aggregation of soil multifunctionality maps to support uncertainty-aware planning decisions”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13567","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Courteille, L., Lagacherie, P., Boukhelifa, N., Lutton, E., &amp; Tardieu, L. (2024). Using spatial aggregation of soil multifunctionality maps to support uncertainty-aware planning decisions. <i>European Journal of Soil Science</i>, 75(4), e13523. 10.1111/ejss.13523</p><p>In the affiliation list, affiliation 3 is incorrect. It should be:</p><p>³UAR 3611 Institut des Systèmes Complexes Paris Ile-de-France, CNRS, Paris, France</p><p>The published version of affiliation 3 becomes affiliation 4, and affiliation 4 becomes affiliation 5. This means author Tardieu's affiliations are revised thus:</p><p>Léa Tardieu^4,5</p><p>We sincerely apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased sugarcane productivity and environmental improvement in acid sulfate soils: A win–win system","authors":"Robert Quirk","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13554","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes a sugarcane farming system on acid sulfate soils (ASS) in coastal, eastern Australia which has improved crop production, increased carbon sequestration, enhanced soil health and controlled drainage discharge to estuaries. The farming system has evolved as a collaboration between innovative sugarcane farmers, researchers and government agencies. The collaboration started when discharge from the farmed coastal floodplain ASS acidified an entire estuary in eastern Australia, wiping out all gilled and benthic organisms for 18 months. The event produced major conflicts between fishers, farmers, the community, entrained researchers and local and state governments. It led to a major initiative to develop sugarcane farming systems which enhanced environmental benefits and increased crop production. Such a win–win system has applicability to other locations with variable resource use conflicts. The system of cane land management adopted on the Tweed site is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five decades' experience of long-term soil monitoring, and key design principles, to assist the EU soil health mission","authors":"David A. Robinson,&nbsp;Laura Bentley,&nbsp;Laurence Jones,&nbsp;Chris Feeney,&nbsp;Angus Garbutt,&nbsp;Susan Tandy,&nbsp;Inma Lebron,&nbsp;Amy Thomas,&nbsp;Sabine Reinsch,&nbsp;Lisa Norton,&nbsp;Lindsay Maskell,&nbsp;Claire Wood,&nbsp;Pete Henrys,&nbsp;Susan Jarvis,&nbsp;Simon Smart,&nbsp;Aidan Keith,&nbsp;Fiona Seaton,&nbsp;James Skates,&nbsp;Suzanne Higgins,&nbsp;Giovanna Giuffrè,&nbsp;Bridget A. Emmett","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13570","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ejss.13570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Union has a long-term objective to achieve healthy soils by 2050. The European Commission has proposed a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law, SML), the first stage of which is to focus on setting up a soil monitoring framework and assessing soils throughout the EU. Situated in NW Europe, the UK has substantial experience in soil monitoring over the last half century which may usefully contribute to this wider EU effort. A set of overarching principles have and continue to guide design of national soil monitoring and may prove helpful as other European countries embark on similar monitoring programmes. Therefore, we present the principles of design from five decades of national soil monitoring. The monitoring discussed is based on a stratified-random design, has matured in support of policy questions, and operates over space and time scales relevant to the SML. The UK Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology (UKCEH) Countryside Surveys (CS) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Welsh Government, Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring and Modelling Programme (ERAMMP) and the England Ecosystem Survey (EES) monitoring programme are national programmes currently operating in the UK. Some important lessons learnt include: adopting a question-based approach; having a clear robust statistical design for the purpose; selecting indicators that address policy and underlying scientific questions; and selecting indicators that can detect change and use robust and well-tested methodologies across a wide range of soil and land use types, remaining valid over long time scales, supporting thinking long-term. Technical lessons learned include the proven cost effectiveness of a stratified-random design including replication, while adopting a common stratification layer of stable environmental attributes aids comparability between monitoring programmes. Common protocols are vital for future intercomparisons, but a full ecosystem approach that includes co-located soil and vegetation samples for interpreting a co-evolving system has proved hugely advantageous. UK monitoring programmes offer a range of experience that may prove valuable to future soil monitoring design to address the major societal challenges of our time, such as maintaining food production and addressing climate change and biodiversity loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejss.13570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial respiration does not respond to nitrogen deposition but increases with latitude","authors":"Qingkui Wang,&nbsp;Xuechao Zhao,&nbsp;Shengen Liu,&nbsp;Qinggui Wang,&nbsp;Zhuwen Xu,&nbsp;Xiaotao Lü,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Tian","doi":"10.1111/ejss.13564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facing global changes, substantial modifications in soil microbes and their functions have been widely evidenced and connected. However, the response of soil microbial respiration (MR) to increasing nitrogen (N) deposition and the role of microbial characteristics in controlling this response remain elusive. In this study, we quantified the intensity of the soil MR in terrestrial ecosystems that suffered elevated N deposition. High-throughput quantitative sequencing and phospholipid fatty acids were employed to analyse microbial community properties and biomass, whilst microbial necromass was quantified using biomarker amino sugars. Our results revealed that soil MR kept stable under N deposition. Microorganisms maintained their respiration rates by modifying the characteristics of enzymes rather than altering microbial community properties or biomass. Notably, soil MR increased with latitude across study sites, which was attributed to the restriction of microbial activity by bacterial necromass. Supporting this observation, the recalcitrance of the soil carbon (C) pool to microbial degradation was evidenced to be the stability mechanism underlying the spatial variations in MR. Overall, we propose that MR is resistant to short-term N deposition, whilst it exhibits a pronounced latitude dependence as shaped by the recalcitrant C pool. Our findings provide crucial insights into the microbial mechanisms of soil C dynamics under global change, contributing to the advancement of soil C models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}