Wen-Long Song , Min Li , Zi-Qi Wang , Shuang-Lin Chen
{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of three species in Perichaena sensu lato (Myxomycetes = Myxogastria) from China","authors":"Wen-Long Song , Min Li , Zi-Qi Wang , Shuang-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After <em>Gulielmina</em> was erected and <em>Ophiotheca</em> was resurrected based on some species originally included in <em>Perichaena</em> (Trichiaceae, Trichiales, Myxomyxetes), some specimens from the Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University previously identified as <em>Perichaena</em> species were reexamined from morphological and two-gene (nuclear 18S rDNA and elongation factor-1 alpha) phylogenetic perspectives. In this study, two new myxomycete species, <em>Gulielmina subreticulospora</em> and <em>Ophiotheca dictyospora</em>, are described. <em>Gulielmina subreticulospora</em> shows the following character combination: branched plasmodiocarps, single peridium with circular protrusions in the inner surface, capillitium (2.4–)2.8–3.0(–3.4) μm in diameter, spores (7.4–)8.0–8.5(–9.0) μm in diameter and sub-reticulated. <em>Ophiotheca dictyospora</em> shows the following character combination: sessile sporocarps to short plasmodiocarps, single peridium with a densely irregular network and protrusions in the inner surface, capillitium (2.7–)3.5–5.0(–7.1) μm in diameter, uneven, decorated with spines of uneven size, spores (7.7–)8.2–8.6(–9.4) μm in diameter including obviously complete cristate reticulation with serrated edges, with deep and clear grids. Both new taxa were compared with related species and their genetic isolation was statistically tested. Moreover, a comprehensive morphological description and a detailed figure plate are provided for <em>Perichaena verrucifera</em>, and its phylogenetic position is determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 126105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protist diversity and co-occurrence patterns obtained by metabarcoding of terricolous lichens, coastal cliffs and a microbial mat in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile","authors":"Eduardo Acosta, Frank Nitsche, Hartmut Arndt","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protists can endure challenging environments sustaining key ecosystem processes of the microbial food webs even under aridic or hypersaline conditions. We studied the diversity of protists at different latitudes of the Atacama Desert by massive sequencing of the hypervariable region V9 of the 18S rRNA gene from soils and microbial mats collected in the Andes. The main protist groups in soils detected in active stage through cDNA were cercozoans, ciliates, and kinetoplastids, while the diversity of protists was higher including diatoms and amoebae in the microbial mat detected solely through DNA. Co-occurrence networks from soils indicated similar assemblages dominated by amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) identified as <em>Rhogostoma</em>, <em>Euplotes</em>, and <em>Neobodo</em>. Microbial mat networks, on the other hand, were structured by ASVs classified as raphid-pennate diatoms and amoebae from the genera <em>Hartmannella</em> and <em>Vannella</em>, mostly negatively correlated to flagellates and microalgae. Additionally, our phylogenetic inferences of ASVs classified as <em>Euplotes</em>, <em>Neobodo</em>, and <em>Rhogostoma</em> were supported by sequence data of strains isolated during this study. Our results represent the first snapshot of the diversity patterns of culturable and unculturable protists and putative keystone taxa detected at remote habitats from the Atacama Desert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 126108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473924000580/pdfft?md5=30f646a13589443cbaafd0a4351779e8&pid=1-s2.0-S0932473924000580-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Description of Conchophthirus sinanodontae n. sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia), a new endocommensal ciliate of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana from Korea","authors":"Kyu-Seok Chae , Jae-Ho Jung , Gi-Sik Min","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new ciliate, <em>Conchophthirus sinanodontae</em> n. sp., which was discovered in the freshwater mussel <em>Sinanodonta woodiana</em> (Lea, 1834) from the Chilsancheon River, Buyeo-gun, South Korea, were investigated. The new species was characterized and could be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characters including the ovate body outline, four to six oral polykinetids deeply embedded in the upper wall of the buccal cavity, six to ten vestibular kineties, 34–49 ventral and 36–53 dorsal somatic kineties. The genetic differences among <em>C. sinanodontae</em> n. sp. and other congeners with available 18S rDNA sequences further support its distinctness. Moreover, the phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rDNA sequences show that the new species clusters with other congeners, corroborating the monophyly of the genus <em>Conchophthirus</em>. The <em>Conchophthirus</em> clade nests within the cluster of <em>Dexiotricha</em> spp., <em>Loxocephalus luridus</em>, and <em>Haptophrya</em> spp.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 126112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation into the morphological variation and ecological-environmental range of Cyphoderia compressa: A case study of Scottish material","authors":"Jim Buckman , Vladimir Krivtsov , Alex J. Poulton","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cyphoderia compressa</em> has only been described from supralittoral environments, as a psammobiont, with salinities from 1.33 to 36.00 ‰. Other <em>Cyphoderia</em> species such as those in the <em>C. ampulla</em> species complex are more ecologically and environmentally widespread, occurring as free-living individuals within water bodies or in association with vegetation, and over a wider salinity range, including freshwater. We postulate that <em>C. compressa</em> may not be as restricted in terms of its environmental or ecological distribution. To this end, we examined a variety of water and sediment samples from Scottish localities, ranging from supralittoral to inland freshwater environments. The Scottish material occurs as a psammobiont within supralittoral beach sands and is newly recorded within sands from freshwater to brackish stream sections and along the margin of the freshwater Loch Lomond. It is also recorded from freshwater to brackish settings as part of the stream and pond water biota, associated biofilm and vegetative material. Test morphology is more variable than previously appreciated, including those with a papillate fundus, and many that are not as laterally compressed as typified by the species. Differences in plate morphology and size were also noted, as well as a novel arcuate cross-cutting ridged cement structure, that is restricted to <em>C. compressa</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 126106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473924000567/pdfft?md5=d160aa9ca30248b59d8fef74548955ed&pid=1-s2.0-S0932473924000567-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new centrohelid heliozoan, Pterocystis polycristalepis sp. nov., and taxonomic and phylogenetic concerns within Pterista (Haptista: Centroplasthelida)","authors":"Dmitry G. Zagumyonnyi, Denis V. Tikhonenkov","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new species of centrohelid heliozoans, <em>Pterocystis polycristalepis</em> sp. nov. (Pterocystidae), was examined using light and electron microscopy. The novel centrohelid is characterized by the presence of leaf-like spine-scales with a broad pedicel-like structure on the proximal part and many subparallel ribs on the lateral wing surface. The plate-scales are ovoid with medial tubular thickening and many subparallel ribs on the very extensive marginal rim. The closely related species <em>Pterocystis striata</em> has also been studied in detail using light and electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences placed both species into a separate clade within Pterista. The closest morphologically characterized species to the new clade is <em>Triangulopteris lacunata</em>. The 18S rRNA sequence of <em>Pseudoraphidiophrys veliformis</em> was grouped within Pterista and found to be closely related to <em>Pterocystis polycristalepis</em>, <em>Pterocystis striata</em>, and <em>Triangulopteris lacunata.</em> Cyst-scales of various shapes, cell and cyst aggregations, syncytia, and a cell with a stalk were revealed in a clonal culture of <em>P. veliformis</em>. Analysis of the morphology and phylogenetic position of the studied species and other centrohelids revealed a large number of taxonomic and phylogenetic problems in Pterista.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 126064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139927991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Berlinches de Gea , Stefan Geisen , Franka Grootjans , Rutger A. Wilschut , Arne Schwelm
{"title":"Species-specific predation determines the feeding impacts of six soil protist species on bacterial and eukaryotic prey","authors":"Alejandro Berlinches de Gea , Stefan Geisen , Franka Grootjans , Rutger A. Wilschut , Arne Schwelm","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predatory protists play a central role in nutrient cycling and are involved in other ecosystem functions by predating the microbiome. While most soil predatory protist species arguably are bacterivorous, some protist species can prey on eukaryotes. However, studies about soil protist feeding mainly focused on bacteria as prey and rarely tested both bacteria and eukaryotes as potential prey. In this study, we aimed to decipher soil predator–prey interactions of three amoebozoan and three heterolobosean soil protists and potential bacterial (<em>Escherichia coli</em>; 0.5–1.5 µm), fungal (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>; 5–7 µm) and protist (<em>Plasmodiophora brassicae</em>; 3–5 µm) prey, either as individual prey or in all their combinations. We related protist performance (relative abundance) and prey consumption (qPCR) to the protist phylogenetic group and volume. We showed that for the six soil protist predators, the most suitable prey was <em>E. coli</em>, but some species also grew on <em>P. brassicae</em> or <em>S. cerevisiae</em>. While protist relative abundances and growth rates depended on prey type in a protist species-specific manner, phylogenetic groups and volume affected prey consumption. Yet we conclude that protist feeding patterns are mainly species-specific and that some known bacterivores might be more generalist than expected, even preying on eukaryotic plant pathogens such as <em>P. brassicae</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 126090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473924000403/pdfft?md5=5230387304ec9b0524af064607d4f01f&pid=1-s2.0-S0932473924000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huilin Guo , Qiping Zhao , Haixia Wang, Shunhai Zhu, Hui Dong, Xinrui Xie, Lihui Wang, Lang Chen, Hongyu Han
{"title":"Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Eimeria tenella ankyrin repeat-containing protein","authors":"Huilin Guo , Qiping Zhao , Haixia Wang, Shunhai Zhu, Hui Dong, Xinrui Xie, Lihui Wang, Lang Chen, Hongyu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chicken coccidiosis causes disastrous losses to the poultry industry all over the world. <em>Eimeria tenella</em> is the most prevalent of these disease-causing species. Our former RNA-seq indicated that <em>E. tenella</em> ankyrin repeat-containing protein (<em>Et</em>ANK) was expressed differently between drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant strains. In this study, we cloned <em>Et</em>ANK and analyzed its translational and transcriptional levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. The data showed that <em>Et</em>ANK was significantly upregulated in diclazuril-resistant (DZR) strain and maduramicin-resistant (MRR) strain compared with the drug-sensitive (DS) strain. In addition, the transcription levels in the DZR strains isolated from the field were higher than in the DS strain. The translation levels of <em>Et</em>ANK were higher in unsporulated oocysts (UO) than in sporozoites (SZ), sporulated oocysts (SO), or second-generation merozoites (SM), and the protein levels in SM were significantly higher than in UO, SO, and SZ. The results of the indirect immunofluorescence localization showed that the protein was distributed mainly at the anterior region of SZ and on the surface and in the cytoplasm of SM. The fluorescence intensity increased further with its development in vitro. An anti-r<em>Et</em>ANK polyclonal antibody inhibited the invasive ability of <em>E. tenella</em> in DF-1 cells. These results showed that <em>Et</em>ANK may be related to host cell invasion, required for the parasite’s growth in the host, and may be involved in the development of <em>E. tenella</em> resistance to some drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 126089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas W. Fry , Robert E. Jones , Quentin Blandenier , Alexander K. Tice , Alfredo L. Porfirio-Sousa , Felicity Kleitz-Singleton , Tristan C. Henderson , Matthew W. Brown
{"title":"Molecular phylogenetic analyses support the validity of Ceratiomyxa porioides (Amoebozoa, Eumycetozoa) at species level","authors":"Nicholas W. Fry , Robert E. Jones , Quentin Blandenier , Alexander K. Tice , Alfredo L. Porfirio-Sousa , Felicity Kleitz-Singleton , Tristan C. Henderson , Matthew W. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The frequently encountered macroscopic slime molds of the genus <em>Ceratiomyxa</em> have long been recognized by mycologists and protistologists for hundreds of years. These organisms are amoebozoan amoebae that live and grow inside and on the surface of decaying wood. When conditions are favorable, they form subaerial sporulating structures called fruiting bodies which take on a variety of forms. These forms are typically some arrangement of column and/or branches, but one is uniquely poroid, forming folds instead. Originally, this poroid morphology was designated as its own species. However, it was not always clear what significance fruiting body morphology held in determining species. Currently, <em>Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa</em> var. <em>porioides</em>, the poroid form, is considered a taxonomic variety of <em>Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa</em> based on morphological designation alone. Despite its long history of observation and study, the genus <em>Ceratiomyxa</em> has been paid little molecular attention to alleviate these morphological issues. We have obtained the first transcriptomes of the taxon <em>C. fruticulosa</em> var. <em>porioides</em> and found single gene phylogenetic and multigene phylogenomic support to separate it from <em>C. fruticulosa.</em> This provides molecular evidence that fruiting body morphology does correspond to species level diversity. Therefore, we formally raise <em>Ceratiomyxa porioides</em> to species level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 126083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeliz Dündar Orhan , Ayça Fulya Üstüntanır Dede , Şeyma Duran , Muhittin Arslanyolu
{"title":"Use of E-64 cysteine protease inhibitor for the recombinant protein production in Tetrahymena thermophila","authors":"Yeliz Dündar Orhan , Ayça Fulya Üstüntanır Dede , Şeyma Duran , Muhittin Arslanyolu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em> is an alternative organism for recombinant protein production. However, the production efficiency in <em>T. thermophila</em> is quite low mainly due to the rich cysteine proteases. In this study, we studied whether supplementation of the E-64 inhibitor to <em>T. thermophila</em> cultures increases the recombinant protein production efficiency without any toxic side effects. Our study showed that supplementation of E-64 had no lethal effects on <em>T. thermophila</em> cells in flask culture at 30 °C and 38 °C. <em>In vitro</em> protease activity analysis using secretome as protease enzyme source from E-64-supplemented cell cultures showed a reduced protein substrate degradation using bovine serum albumin, rituximab, and milk lactoglobulin proteins. E-64 also prevented proteolysis of the recombinantly produced and secreted TtmCherry2-sfGFP fusion protein at some level. This reduced inhibitory effect of E-64 could be due to genetic compensation of the inhibited proteases. As a result, the 5 µM concentration of E-64 was found to be a non-toxic protease inhibitory supplement to improve extracellular recombinant protein production efficiency in <em>T. thermophila</em>. This study suggests that the use of E-64 may increase the efficiency of extracellular recombinant protein production by continuously reducing extracellular cysteine protease activity during cultivation<em>.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 126085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a new soil ciliate, Lamtostyla paravitiphila nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)","authors":"Tengteng Zhang , Furui Lu , Xiaoqing Yang, Yurui Wang, Chen Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The morphology and morphogenesis of <em>Lamtostyla paravitiphila</em> nov. spec<em>.</em>, a novel soil hypotrichous ciliate collected from eastern China, were investigated based on live observations and protargol-stained specimens. The new species is morphologically characterized as follows: seven to twelve macronuclear nodules, cortical granules absent, 19–26 adoral membranelles, three or four frontoventral cirri, the amphisiellid median cirral row extends to about mid-body and composed of 12–18 cirri, two or three transverse cirri, 27–39 left and 30–41 right marginal cirri, three almost bipolar dorsal kineties. Morphogenetically, it is characterized by the initial formation of six frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen as primary primordia. Notably, the amphisiellid median cirral row and the posterior frontoventral cirrus (or cirri) contribute to the development of the frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen, while the buccal cirrus may not participate in this process. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data indicate that the <em>Lamtostyla</em> species with available molecular data do not form a monophyletic group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 126088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}