European journal of protistology最新文献

{"title":"Temperature-dependent resistance to starvation of three contrasting freshwater ciliates","authors":"Thomas Weisse,&nbsp;Ulrike Scheffel,&nbsp;Peter Stadler","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the temperature-dependent response to starvation of three contrasting freshwater ciliates (Ciliophora). The cyst-forming algivorous species <em>Meseres corlissi</em> and the bactivorous species <em>Glaucomides bromelicola</em>, which cannot form cysts, co-occur in the reservoirs (tanks) of tree bromeliads. The mixotrophic species <em>Coleps spetai</em> is common in many lakes. We hypothesized that the ciliates’ different traits and life strategies would affect their survival rates and temperature sensitivity under food depleted conditions. We measured the decline of the ciliate populations in microcosm experiments at different temperatures for several days. We used an imaging flow cytometer to size the ciliates and documented their morphological and physiological changes in response to starvation. We found that the cyst-forming species had the highest mortality rates but may endure long-term starvation by encystment. The sympatric, non-encysting species suffered the lowest mortality rates and could survive for more than three weeks without food. The mixotrophic species had intermediate mortality rates but showed the highest phenotypic plasticity in response to starvation. A significant fraction of the <em>C. spetai</em> population appeared unaffected by starvation, suggesting that the endosymbionts provided some resources to the host cells. The mean mortality rate per day of all three species increased with temperature by 0.09 °C⁻¹.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9702921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of single-cell genome sequencing techniques toward the characterization of germline and somatic genomes in ciliated protists","authors":"Liping Lyu ,&nbsp;Usman Asghar ,&nbsp;Jinyu Fu ,&nbsp;Yunyi Gao ,&nbsp;Xue Zhang ,&nbsp;Saleh A. Al-Farraj ,&nbsp;Zigui Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Ciliated protists contain both </span>germline<span> micronucleus (MIC) and somatic </span></span>macronucleus<span><span> (MAC) in a single cytoplasm. Programmed genome rearrangements occur in ciliates during sexual processes, and the extent of rearrangements varies dramatically among species, which lead to significant differences in genomic architectures. However, genomic sequences remain largely unknown for most ciliates due to the difficulty in culturing and in separating the germline from the somatic genome in a single cell. Single-cell whole genome amplification (WGA) has emerged as a powerful technology to characterize the genomic heterogeneity at the single-cell level. In this study, we compared two single-cell WGA, </span>multiple displacement amplification (MDA) and multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC) in characterizing the germline and somatic genomes in ciliates with different genomic architectures. Our results showed that: 1) MALBAC exhibits strong amplification bias towards MAC genome while MDA shows bias towards MIC genome of ciliates with extensively fragmented MAC genome; 2) both MDA and MALBAC could amplify MAC genome more efficiently in ciliates with moderately fragmented MAC genome. Moreover, we found that more sample replicates could help to obtain more genomic data. Our work provides a reference for selecting the appropriate method to characterize germline and somatic genomes of ciliates.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Protospirella mazurica (Raabe, 1968) Aescht, 2001 (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of the river nerite Theodoxus fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda)","authors":"Tengyue Zhang,&nbsp;Peter Vďačný","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the river nerite <em>Theodoxus fluviatilis</em><span> (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) has an exceptionally broad geographical and ecological distribution, it carries only four ciliate species: </span><em>Hypocomella quatuor</em>, <em>Protospirella mazurica</em>, <em>Scyphidia</em> sp., and <span><em>Trichodina</em><em> baltica</em></span>. After more than a half-century gap, we re-discovered <em>P. mazurica</em> in a Danubian population of <em>T. fluviatilis</em> (haplotypes F31 and F34) and characterized it using an integrative morpho-molecular approach. <em>Protospirella mazurica</em><span> is distinguished by (i) a small, elongate-ellipsoidal to ovoidal body, (ii) a broadly ellipsoidal macronucleus<span><span> accompanied by a single globular micronucleus<span>, (iii) a subterminal contractile vacuole, (iv) about 24 somatic kineties, (v) thigmotactic ciliature composed of about 10 kineties shortened posteriorly to form a parenthetical system, and (vi) a long inverted J-shaped paroral membrane associated with three unequally long membranelles. According to the present </span></span>phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers, </span></span><em>P. mazurica</em> robustly clusters within the order Pleuronematida (Oligohymenophorea: Scuticociliatia) along with other symbiotic members of the families Hemispeiridae and Thigmophryidae as well as free-living representatives of the paraphyletic family Cyclidiidae. In light of the present phylogenetic analyses, we consider the family Ancistridae to be a junior synonym of the family Hemispeiridae, which collates 14 genera in our classification framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9312636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jirovecia branchilis n. sp. (Microsporidia) from glands of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in China","authors":"Xinhua Liu ,&nbsp;Shisi Ren ,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Yin ,&nbsp;Jianguo Xiang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Yu ,&nbsp;Deliang Li ,&nbsp;Jinyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Jirovecia</em> species primarily infect oligochaetes and are typically characterized by large rod-shaped spores with a tail-like posterior prolongation. Presently, seven <em>Jirovecia</em> spp. are reported worldwide with only one described in China. Here, a new species, <em>Jirovecia branchilis</em> n. sp. was discovered in glands of oligochaetes <em>Branchiura sowerybi</em> Beddard, 1892 in China. <em>Jirovecia branchilis</em> n. sp. elicited the formation of numerous opaque xenomas of 0.12 to 0.20 mm (n = 30) in diameter. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that the earliest developmental stages observed were uninucleate meronts residing directly with the host cytoplasm. Mature spores were rod-shaped with blunt ends and possessed a collar-like anchoring disk, a manubrium-type polar filament, a bipartite polarplast, and a three-layered spore wall. A tail-like prolongation was distinctly observed in the posterior of spores and measured 13.2–28.6 μm long (n = 30). <em>Jirovecia branchilis</em> n. sp. showed 98.54% sequence similarity with <em>Janacekia tainunus</em> isolated from the fat body of chironomidae larvae <em>Kiefferulus tainanus</em> based on obtained partial SSU rDNA gene sequence, but was significantly different in morphology, host, and infection sites. SSU rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicated <em>Jirovecia branchilis</em> n. sp. clustered with <em>Janacekia tainanus</em> within the <em>Jirovecia</em>-<em>Bacillidium</em>-<em>Janacekia</em> clade. In conclusion, a new species within <em>Jirovecia</em>, <em>Jirovecia branchilis</em> n. sp. is erected herein based mainly on its morphological, ecological, and to a lesser degree on its molecular characteristics. The whole relationship between <em>Jirovecia</em> spp., <em>Janacekia</em> spp., and <em>Bacillidium</em> spp. is in need of revision and could potentially be elucidated by using additional makers and sequencing a broader diversity of the already described species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new Raabena species and a new Pararaabena species (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida) with redescriptions of Raabena bella and Pararaabena dentata.","authors":"A. Ito","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4343017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4343017","url":null,"abstract":"The genera Raabena and Pararaabena (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Blepharocorythidae) were monospecific, and their type species are Raabena bella Wolska, 1967 and Pararaabena dentata Wolska, 1968. They have been found in Asian elephants and closely resemble each other: ovoid and laterally compressed body; non-retractable adoral ciliary zone; funnel-shaped vestibulum; three non-retractable somatic ciliary arches. Furthermore, the positional relationship between the vestibular ciliary zone and the anterior dorsal ciliary zone identifies Raabena and Pararaabena: these two ciliary zones are connected in Raabena while they are separated in Pararaabena. While investigating entodiniomorphid ciliates of Asian elephants, the author often encountered ciliates similar to Raabena bella but with a sinuous body or with a small body and ciliates similar to Pararaabena dentata but with a slender body or with no or two caudal lobes. In this study, their general morphology and infraciliature were compared to R. bella and P. dentata to know whether they are new species or morphological variations in a species. As a result, the present study redescribed R. bella and P. dentata, and described R. sinuosa n. sp., R. bellafilia n. sp., P. gracilis n. sp., and morphotypes of P. dentata.","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49160081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of Lamtostyla granulifera sinensis subsp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from a wetland in China","authors":"Zhao Lyu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Ma ,&nbsp;Jian Su ,&nbsp;Fangcheng Hu ,&nbsp;Wanjing Liu ,&nbsp;Yuqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Xi Zhao ,&nbsp;Lianxi Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The morphology, morphogenesis<span> and molecular phylogeny of a hypotrichous ciliate, </span></span><em>Lamtostyla granulifera sinensis</em> subsp. nov., isolated from northern China, were investigated. This population appeared highly similar in morphology to <em>L</em>. <em>granulifera</em><span><span> Foissner, 1997. However, on detailed investigation some non-overlapping features were identified, i.e., the body shape and the arrangement of the cortical granules<span>. These differences suggested the separation at subspecies level. Furthermore, the morphogenesis of the new subspecies is described, which is characterized by: (1) the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed; (2) the amphisiellid median cirral row is formed from two anlagen; and (3) the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen II to VI generate one transverse cirrus each. </span></span>Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data show that </span><em>Lamtostyla</em><span> species are scattered in different clades. The monophyly of the genus </span><em>Lamtostyla</em> is also rejected by the AU test in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10700563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Grammatodinium (Dinophyceae) for the American Eastern Pacific coast: Morphological, molecular and ecological confirmation","authors":"Alexis Escarcega-Bata ,&nbsp;María Eugenia Zamudio-Resendiz ,&nbsp;Adriana Hernández-Rosas ,&nbsp;María Luisa Núñez Resendiz ,&nbsp;Kurt M. Dreckmann ,&nbsp;Abel Sentíes","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Grammatodinium</em><span> Li &amp; Shin is a monospecific genus described from the Tongyeong Bay area in Korea. In the current study, we describe its presence in the American Eastern Pacific coast for the first time, particularly in Acapulco Bay, Mexico, using morphological, molecular and environmental data. Sequences generated in this study with SSU and LSU formed a monophyletic group with other sequences from GenBank belonging to </span><em>Gr. tongyeonginum</em><span>, the only species known for the genus; however, genetic distance values between this species and our specimens (8.5% SSU; 2.8% LSU) were equivalent or even greater than those reported in other genera of dinoflagellates. Our phylogeny clearly showed the relationship of </span><em>Grammatodinium</em> with the families Pyrocystaceae and Gonyaulacaceae. In our specimens, cells appeared individually and in colonies of up to 16 cells, which were observed mainly during the dry season, so they could be confused with <span><em>Gymnodinium</em><em> catenatum</em></span><span>, a common dinoflagellate in Acapulco with which they can coexist and share their general appearance, but they are clearly differentiated by the presence of longitudinal furrows throughout the body and a yellowish-green coloration, both absent in </span><em>Gymnodinium catenatum</em>. Although our evidence strongly suggests the presence of a new species for the region, more detailed morphological examinations are needed to confirm this statement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10706433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The saga of the false fossil foram Eozoon","authors":"John R. Dolan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Eozoon canadense</em><span>, 'the dawn animal of Canada', a large foraminifera, was announced in 1864 as the oldest fossil organism known. Camps soon formed into disbelievers of its fossil nature, agnostics, and “Eozoonists”. </span><em>Eozoon</em> would number among its proponents major figures of the time. The saga of <em>Eozoon</em>, or more precisely the dispute as to its actual nature, spawned hundreds of publications. Here the story is told with a new focus, one on the stature and roles of the major personalities involved, and the evidence they presented. <em>Eozoon</em> is considered to have been 'de-bunked' in the late 19th century. However, it will be shown that it was never indisputably proven to be inorganic. Rather <em>Eozoon</em> simply faded away after its most ardent defenders died. As late as 1947, it was shown as the primordial organism in a biology textbook. The saga of <em>Eozoon</em> remains as a valuable cautionary tale. It is an example of an artifact accepted as fact because it filled a troubling void in knowledge, i.e., at that time, the first traces of life before Cambrian, and it endured because it was promoted by only a few, but powerful, figures in the scientific establishment of the era.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10701620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the benthic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales) Amphidiniopsis crumena n. sp. and Amphidiniopsis nileribanjensis n. sp.","authors":"Aika Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Mona Hoppenrath ,&nbsp;Shauna Murray ,&nbsp;Anna Liza Kretzschmar ,&nbsp;Takeo Horiguchi ,&nbsp;Kevin C. Wakeman","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Amphidiniopsis</em><span> is a benthic, heterotrophic and thecate dinoflagellate<span><span> genus that has a smaller epitheca and larger hypotheca. The genus contains 24 described species, but is considered to be polyphyletic based on morphological characters and molecular </span>phylogenetics. In this study, two new species were discovered from two distant sampling localities, </span></span><em>Amphidiniopsis crumena</em> sp. nov. from Japan, and <em>Amphidiniopsis nileribanjensis</em><span><span> sp. nov., from Australia. These species have a uniquely shaped, additional second postcingular plate. Both species are dorsoventrally flattened, an apical hook is present, and have six postcingular plates. The plate formula is: APC 4′ 3a 7″ ?C 4?S 6″′ 2″″. The cells of these species were examined with LM and </span>SEM<span>, and molecular phylogenic analyses were performed using 18S and 28S rDNA. These species are distinguished by the presence of spines on the hypotheca and touching of the sixth postcingular plate and the anterior sulcal plate. Their shape and disposition of several thecal plates also differ. Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that the two new species formed a monophyletic clade and did not belong to any morphogroup proposed by previous studies. Considering the morphological features and the molecular phylogenetic results, a new morphogroup is proposed, </span></span><em>Amphidiniopsis</em> morphogroup VI (‘<em>crumena</em> group’).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10700557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative ultrastructural study on the nanoscale extrusomes of tintinnids (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Spirotricha) and their phylogenetic significance","authors":"Maximilian H. Ganser,&nbsp;Heidi Bartel,&nbsp;Mattia Fedrizzi,&nbsp;Sabine Agatha","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The capsules, putative extrusomes in tintinnid ciliates, are known since 1971. Based on their ultrastructure, shape, and size, five capsule types were distinguished and suggested to be of phylogenetic significance. However, detailed morphometric data and transmission electron micrographs are lacking to verify former conclusions. In the current study, comprehensive analyses of transmission electron microscopic data were performed, investigating 14 species from 13 genera and more than seven families collected in European coastal waters and in the Northeast Pacific. Our data suggest two main capsule types (large and ampulliform vs small and ellipsoidal/ovoidal) each including two subtypes characterised by their internal structures. Species groupings inferred from the capsule (sub-)types emerge also as closely related in gene trees. Additionally, the ampulliform type unites the Undellidae, Xystonellidae, and Tintinnid clade 2, while the shared possession of the small ellipsoidal type proposes a close relationship of Tintinnid clade 11 with the Rhabdonellidae and Cyttarocylididae. Thus, the capsules provide promising features to shed light on several unresolved evolutionary relationships among tintinnid genera and families; yet, information on capsules is still missing for many monophyletic groupings. Finally, we provide the first ultrastructural clues for the extrusive character of these organelles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10701624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}