European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Folate intake, tissue levels, and colorectal cancer deaths in a national cohort established before folic acid fortification.","authors":"Anunay Bhattachary, Marian Tabi, Jingjing Yin, Logan Cowan, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03720-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-025-03720-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The relationship between folate and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inconclusive. To control for the interference from folic acid fortification, we assessed the relationship between folate intake, serum folate, and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels and the risk of CRC death in a cohort established before fortification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the data of 14,528 adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) as the baseline examination and were followed through December 31, 2006. Hazard ratios (HR) of CRC deaths were estimated for individuals with different folate intake and biomarker levels. Covariates included age, sex, family income, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, serum cotinine, vitamin supplements, and dietary energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 192,973 person-years (pys) of follow-up with a mean of 14 years, 78 CRC deaths were recorded. The CRC death rate was 0.75/1000 pys, 0.39/1000 pys, and 0.29/1000 pys for adults with low (lower quarter), moderate, and high (upper quarter) total dietary folate equivalent (tDFE, including both dietary and supplemental intake of folate); the adjusted HR was 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45) for adults with high, and 0.51 (0.24, 1.11) for moderate tDFE compared to adults with low tDFE (p for trend = 0.09). Similar trends appeared with statistical significance for serum folate but not for dietary folate intake and RBC folate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With minimum interference from folic acid fortification, high folate intake was found to be associated with a reduced risk of CRC death.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of disease of seven dietary risk factors in population groups with similar lifestyle patterns in Denmark.","authors":"Sayantan Sengupta, Sofie T Thomsen, Aleksandra Davydova, Hernan G Redondo, Lea S Jakobsen, Sara M Pires","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03715-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03715-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited risks of nutrient deficiency and significant modelled health benefits of adherence to a moderate plant-based diet in French adults.","authors":"Pauline Mombert, Jean-François Huneau, Juhui Wang, Jeanne-Marie Membré, François Mariotti","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03714-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-025-03714-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In Western countries, plant-based diets could lead to long-term health benefits but also carry some risks of nutrient inadequacy. Here, we estimated the nutritional risks and health benefits of adopting plant-forward diets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the latest French representative survey (INCA3), we identified a subgroup of adults with more plant-based (PB+) diets characterized by both protein and energy intakes from plants > 80th percentile. We compared the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy, excess intake, and risk of overt deficiency in PB+ and in the rest of the population (PB-) and evaluated the hypothetical burden of disease (as disability adjusted life years, DALYs) if the entire population shifted to the PB+ diet, using a comparative risk assessment framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to PB-, in PB+ (10.7% of the population; 53% male), the prevalence of inadequacy was lower for fibre, linoleic acid, potassium, and vitamin C and higher for selenium, protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamins A, B6, B12, iron, and iodine. We also found a higher risk of overt deficiency in PB+ for iodine and riboflavin. Fewer PB+ exceeded the upper limit for Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA), but more exceeded the one set for sugars. Shifting to a PB+ diet would benefit population health, with ~ 132,700 [~ 125,400 to  ~ 140,000, 95% UI] DALYs averted, the gain being ca. twice higher for males than females but related to the same main diseases (ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and colorectal cancer). Benefits would stem from lower processed meat and SFA in both sexes, higher nuts consumption, and blood cholesterol reduction in females, and higher fruit consumption and fibre intake in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite suboptimal diet quality, significant nutritional risks were limited in PB+, especially regarding deficiency risk, while such diets would benefit long-term health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of chronic disease using vitamins-a case study of the vitamin D and cardiovascular disease hypothesis using evidence from randomised controlled and prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Mairead Kiely, Lorraine Brennan, Travis Dunlop, Gerard Tate, Jayne V Woodside, Diego Moretti","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03706-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03706-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The hypothesis that vitamin supplementation may prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been supported by compelling mechanistic and observational data. However, most large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCT) of vitamins and CVD are null, leading to the conclusion that vitamins have no role in CVD prevention. Our objective was to examine challenges inherent in single nutrient trials using vitamin D and CVD as a case study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature published since 2011 on vitamin D and CVD, including RCTs, prospective cohort studies (PCS) and systematic reviews from Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane. Studies were conducted in adults and included CVD outcomes with a minimum sample of 500 for RCTs and 10,000 for PCS. We applied Bradford Hill criteria for the establishment of causality in biological systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 4170 papers, of which 40 were eligible, including 6 RCTs and 7 PCS. The Bradford Hill analysis of a causal relationship between vitamin D and CVD was mixed, with strong mechanistic support and reasonable strength and consistency in observational data but weak evidence of temporality. There was sufficient justification for trialling a benefit for CVD prevention but RCTs were inconsistent with the mechanistic and observational studies and reported mostly null results. Contextual factors were key, including baseline vitamin D status among participants, background supplementation and underlying participant disease profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This example illustrates the complexity of conducting nutrient trials and raises questions about RCTs of single nutrients for complex chronic diseases. The core challenge common to all nutrient trials is the absence of a zero-intake placebo group and variable background exposures. Alternative approaches and interpretation paradigms are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal serum concentrations of vitamin D in pregnancy and preterm birth: a case-control study in Southern Sweden.","authors":"Henrik Olstrup, Lars Rylander, Christian Lindh, Gunilla Malm, Andreas Vilhelmsson","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03716-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03716-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the associations between maternal serum concentrations of vitamin D early in pregnancy and the occurrence of preterm birth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 269 women (cases) whose children were born preterm (< 37 gestational weeks [gw]) and 332 women (controls) whose children were born term (≥ 37 gw). Among the cases, 59 were extreme preterm (< 28 gw), 74 severe preterm (28‒32 gw), and 136 late preterm (33‒36 gw). All women gave birth in Scania, the most Southern County of Sweden. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (vitamin D) in maternal serum collected early in pregnancy were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The serum concentrations of vitamin D were trichotomized based on the distributions among the controls (≤ 44.9; 45.0‒68.8; and ≥ 68.9 nmol/L) as well as dichotomized at a predefined cut-off (< 50 and ≥ 50 nmol/L). Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between vitamin D and preterm births, partly when all cases were included in the analyses, and partly when the three different case groups were included separately. The category with the highest vitamin D concentration was used as a reference in the regression analyzes. The analyses were performed without as well as with adjustments for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the category with the lowest vitamin D concentrations were compared with the reference category in the analyses where the vitamin D concentrations were trichotomized, no statistically significant associations were observed. However, among the extreme preterm an adjusted odds ratio of 1.93 (95% confidence interval 0.83‒4.48) was observed. The patterns were similar when 50 nmol/L was used as the cut-off.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although all comparisons gave adjusted odds ratios in the direction that low maternal vitamin D concentrations early in pregnancy increase the risk of preterm birth, none of these were statistically significant. Accordingly, the present study gives no to very weak support for an association.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based diets, legumes, and prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the NutriNet-Santé cohort.","authors":"Fie Langmann, Clémentine Prioux, Mathilde Touvier, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Léopold K Fezeu, Julia Baudry, Christina C Dahm, Benjamin Allès","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03722-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-025-03722-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Legumes are protein-rich foods with health benefits and low environmental impact. This study investigated associations between legume consumption, in isolation or as part of plant-based dietary patterns, and cardiometabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used a subsample of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (2009-2011) and underwent clinical and biochemical examinations (2011-2014, N = 16,358). Multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression analyses estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for associations between legume consumption and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, elevated waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Associations with healthy and unhealthy plant-based diet indices were also assessed, stratified by ultra-processed food consumption or sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High compared to low legume consumption was not significantly associated with lower prevalence of low HDL (PR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.90; 1.53), elevated waist circumference (PR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90; 1.14), blood pressure (PR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93; 1.11), blood glucose (PR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92; 1.40), serum triglycerides (PR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.76; 1.30), total cholesterol (PR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.81; 1.15), or LDL cholesterol (PR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79; 1.08). However, adherence to the healthy plant-based diet index was associated with lower prevalences of all risk factors, and the opposite for the unhealthy plant-based diet index. Associations were not modified by ultra-processed food consumption or sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary patterns rich in legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts were associated with lower prevalences of cardiometabolic risk factors, while legumes in isolation were not.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglycerides-Total Cholesterol-Body Weight Index, bone metabolism indicators and bone mineral density in Chinese children: a mediation analysis.","authors":"Xueyi Jin, Xueqian Mao, Ying Hu, Jinli Mahe, Kai Guo, Xiaoming Liu, Xuejiao Zeng, Zifu Zhao, Jingyu Hao, Yuming Chen, Gexiang Zhang, Lipeng Jing","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03711-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03711-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Triglycerides × Total Cholesterol × Body Weight Index (TCBI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and whether bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediate the relationship between TCBI and BMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 411 preschool children from 2 township kindergartens in a rural area of Gansu Province, China, who were surveyed at baseline in September 2021 and followed up in September 2022. The independent variable is the mean value of TCBI at baseline and follow-up. The dependent variable was the raw value of BMD during the follow-up period, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between TCBI and BMD in the nondominant forearm and heel bone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that TCBI in preschoolers was significantly and positively correlated with BMD (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, for each unit increase in log-transformed TCBI, the BMD of the nondominant forearm and heel bone increased by 0.042 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.024, 0.059), and 0.034 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.015, 0.054), respectively. Mediation analyses showed that IGF-1 mediated TCBI and BMD of the forearm bone and heel bone with mediation proportions of 12.50% and 32.35%, respectively, whereas B-ALP mediated TCBI and BMD of the forearm bone and heel bone with mediation proportions of 10.00% and 11.76%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TCBI is positively correlated with nondominant forearm and heel BMD in preschoolers, and IGF-1 and B-ALP partially mediate the positive association between TCBI and BMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effect of routine-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in Chinese women of childbearing age with vitamin D insufficiency.","authors":"Xiaoyun Shan, Wenxuan Wu, Jingxin Yang, Yang Cao, Yuting Li, Yichun Hu, Rui Wang, Lichen Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03723-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03723-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;It was reported that vitamin D deficiency is common in Chinese women of childbearing age. Although most government dietary guidelines recommend routine-dose (400-800 IU/d), the evidence from intervention studies using routine-dose is quite limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, the effects of daily supplementation with routine-dose of vitamin D3 in women of childbearing age with vitamin D insufficiency on vitamin D nutritional status and bone metabolism markers were assessed by dynamic tracking, and the thresholds for appropriate levels of vitamin D in this population was also explored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Single-group repeated measures design was performed. Forty-five women of childbearing age (18-50 years) with vitamin D insufficiency [serum total 25(OH)D &lt; 20 ng/mL] were recruited. A 26-week trial of oral vitamin D3 supplementation at 400 international units (IU)/day (n = 15) and 800 IU/day (n = 25) was conducted for subjects in the intervention group with a parallel observation group (n = 5). Trends in serum total 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were observed at baseline, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 26 weeks, while free and bioavailable 25(OH)D and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were dynamically tracked. The intervention effect was then further analyzed by subgroup including 400 IU/d + low PTH group (n = 7), 400 IU/d + high PTH group (n = 8), 800 IU/d + low PTH group (n = 12), and 800 IU/d + high PTH group (n = 13) based on baseline serum PTH concentration. The appropriate level of total 25(OH)D was defined as the thresholds at which serum PTH can be maximally suppressed or plateaued and was explored by polynomial comparison and Gaussian process regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 44 out of 45 (97.8%) participants completed the intervention and follow-up. By dynamic tracking, serum total 25(OH)D increased rapidly in women of childbearing age with vitamin D insufficiency after supplementation both with 400 IU/d and 800 IU/d of vitamin D3 during the first 4 weeks. Serum vitamin D status improved greatly after 26 weeks, with significant increases in total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations compared with baseline. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of the intervention between the two dose groups. Serum PTH decreased during the first 6 weeks, after which it entered a plateau, especially in the group with higher baseline serum PTH. While BTMs were relatively stable. The range of thresholds obtained by polynomial comparison and Gaussian process regression were 20.24-23.95 ng/mL and 20.2-21.65 ng/mL, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Routine-dose of vitamin D3 supplementation was proved to be, an effective and compliant supplementation approach in women of childbearing age with vitamin D insufficiency. The average of the total 25(OH)D threshold predicted by Gaussian process regression for ","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bread, wholegrain consumption and weight change from middle to late adulthood: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ingrid Revheim, Zoya Sabir, Jutta Dierkes, Anette E Buyken, Rikard Landberg, Inka Alten, Ulrike Spielau, Hanne Rosendahl-Riise","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03724-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03724-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bread is a global staple with large variations in carbohydrate quality. The role of bread for weight regulation has been controversial and few studies have investigated associations of bread consumption with long-term weight changes. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the associations of baseline intake of bread, different types of bread, and whole grains as well as plasma alkylresorcinol - a biomarker of wholegrain wheat and rye intake - with weight changes during a follow-up covering the 6th and 7th decades of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current analyses were conducted in 1764 men and women (47.4 ± 0.6 years at baseline) participating in the second and third wave of the Hordaland Health Study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate baseline bread and wholegrain intake. Baseline plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations were determined in blood samples. The outcome was weight change (kg) during the 20-year follow-up. Multivariate linear regression models were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants gained on average 2.1 ± 7.4 kg during follow-up. While total bread intake at baseline was not associated with weight change, a higher white bread intake was associated with weight gain (0.017 kg/g white bread/day, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.032 kg/g white bread/day). Wholegrain consumption - but not wholegrain bread - was inversely associated with weight gain (-0.013 kg/g whole grain/day, 95% CI: -0.026, 0.000 kg/g whole grain/day). Accordingly, plasma alkylresorcinols were inversely associated with weight gain (-0.004 kg/nmol/L alkylresorcinol, 95% CI: -0.007, -0.002 kg/nmol/L alkylresorcinol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study suggests that weight regulation is associated with the carbohydrate quality of breads, i.e., refined versus wholegrain breads. Wholegrain intake, based on both self-reported dietary data and objective biomarkers, may improve weight regulation from middle to late adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A focus group study to assess perspectives of patients with irritable bowel syndrome on human milk oligosaccharides and lifestyle insights.","authors":"Patricia Sanz Morales, A Wijeyesekera, M D Robertson, J Kennedy, G Major, C L Boulangé, G R Gibson","doi":"10.1007/s00394-025-03719-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-025-03719-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) on quality of life (QoL) measures, with specific focus on symptoms experienced and their impact upon diet, lifestyle, and mood. Insights into triggers of IBS flare-ups and the potential barriers to the use of prebiotics, in particular human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), will be used to inform the design of a prospective human dietary intervention trial.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five virtual focus groups were held between March 2022 and January 2023. Thirteen females and eleven males were recruited around Berkshire, UK and through social media to attend a single, same-sex focus group. Thematic analysis of transcripts was undertaken. Themes were organised using a semantic coding tree.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low QoL in IBS was apparent. Triggers which resulted in worsening symptoms or flares discussed by the groups were all consistent with well-recognised triggers for IBS in the literature and clinical practice. Few participants (6 out of 24) had tried biotic-based therapies (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics) and knew little to nothing about HMOs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with IBS could be made more aware of novel therapy options such as prebiotic HMOs which may improve IBS symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 5","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}