European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial.","authors":"Javier T Gonzalez, Lorenzo Lolli, Rachel C Veasey, Penny L S Rumbold, James A Betts, Greg Atkinson, Emma J Stevenson","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03467-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03467-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following consumption of a meal, circulating glucose concentrations can rise and then fall briefly below the basal/fasting concentrations. This phenomenon is known as reactive hypoglycaemia but to date no researcher has explored potential inter-individual differences in response to meal consumption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of existing data to examine inter-individual variability of reactive hypoglycaemia in response to breakfast consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a replicate crossover design, 12 healthy, physically active men (age: 18-30 y, body mass index: 22.1 to 28.0 kg⋅m^- 2) completed two identical control (continued overnight fasting) and two breakfast (444 kcal; 60% carbohydrate, 17% protein, 23% fat) conditions in randomised sequences. Blood glucose and lactate concentrations, serum insulin and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, whole-body energy expenditure, carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates, and appetite ratings were determined before and 2 h after the interventions. Inter-individual differences were explored using Pearson's product-moment correlations between the first and second replicates of the fasting-adjusted breakfast response. Within-participant covariate-adjusted linear mixed models and a random-effects meta-analytical approach were used to quantify participant-by-condition interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Breakfast consumption lowered 2-h blood glucose by 0.44 mmol/L (95%CI: 0.76 to 0.12 mmol/L) and serum NEFA concentrations, whilst increasing blood lactate and serum insulin concentrations (all p < 0.01). Large, positive correlations were observed between the first and second replicates of the fasting-adjusted insulin, lactate, hunger, and satisfaction responses to breakfast consumption (all r > 0.5, 90%CI ranged from 0.03 to 0.91). The participant-by-condition interaction response variability (SD) for serum insulin concentration was 11 pmol/L (95%CI: 5 to 16 pmol/L), which was consistent with the τ-statistic from the random-effects meta-analysis (11.7 pmol/L, 95%CI 7.0 to 22.2 pmol/L) whereas effects were unclear for other outcome variables (e.g., τ-statistic value for glucose: 0 mmol/L, 95%CI 0.0 to 0.5 mmol/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite observing reactive hypoglycaemia at the group level, we were unable to detect any meaningful inter-individual variability of the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast. There was, however, evidence that 2-h insulin responses to breakfast display meaningful inter-individual variability, which may be explained by relative carbohydrate dose ingested and variation in insulin sensitivity of participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2897-2909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of blood lipids in mediating the effect of dietary factors on gastroesophageal reflux disease: a two-step mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Xingwu Liu, Han Yu, Guanyu Yan, Mingjun Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03491-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03491-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growing studies have indicated an association between dietary factors and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, whether these associations refer to a causal relationship and the potential mechanism by which dietary factors affect GERD is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-step mendelian randomization analysis was performed to obtain causal estimates of dietary factors, blood lipids on GERD. Independent genetic variants associated with 13 kinds of dietary factors and 5 kinds of blood lipids at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. The summary statistics for GERD were obtained from European Bioinformatics Institute, including 129,080 cases and 473,524 controls. Inverse variance weighted was utilized as the main statistical method. MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed to evaluate possible heterogeneity and pleiotropy. And the potential reverse causality was assessed using Steiger filtering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted total pork intake (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.21-5.58, p = 0.0143), total bread intake (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, p = 0.0497), total cereal intake (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.31-0.56, p = 2.98E-06), and total cheese intake (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27-0.61, p = 1.06E-05) were associated with the risk of GERD. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis also revealed a negative association between total cereal intake, total cheese intake and the risk of GERD, but the effect of total pork intake and total bread intake on GERD disappeared after adjustment of smoking, alcohol consumption, use of calcium channel blockers, BMI, physical activity levels, and biological sex (age adjusted). Furthermore, the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is negatively correlated with total cheese intake, which mediates the impact of total cheese intake on GERD. The proportion mediated by LDL-C is 2.27% (95%CI: 1.57%, 4.09%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence that an increase in total cereal intake and total cheese intake will decrease the risk of GERD. Additionally, LDL-C mediates the causal effect of total cheese intake on GERD. These results provide new insights into the role of dietary factors and blood lipids in GERD, which is beneficial for disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"3075-3091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in diet-related non-communicable disease risks in a Chinese population.","authors":"Zhiyao Chang, Sander Biesbroek, Hongyi Cai, Shenggen Fan, Yuanying Ni, Xin Wen, Pieter Van 't Veer, Elise F Talsma","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03481-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03481-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sub-optimal food choices contribute to the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which can be mitigated by improving diet quality. Food consumption patterns may partly account for variation of NCD risks in population subgroups in China. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of diet-related NCDs of observed Chinese diets, and to assess the potential reduction in NCD risks by adhering to certain diet recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dose-response meta-analyses were used to derive relative risks between three diet-related NCDs and consumption of 15 food groups. 24-h dietary recall data of 12,809 adults from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to estimate the diet-related summed risks (SRs) of NCDs. Twelve Chinese provinces were aggregated into five regions, and stratified by age, gender, overweight status, education, income, and urbanicity. The Chinese Dietary Guideline-2016 (CDG-2016) and the EAT-Lancet diet were used as recommended diets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Associations between SRs and gender, age, educational level, income level, and urbanicity were observed. No association was found between SRs and overweight status. Both diet recommendations have lower SRs compared to observed diets among all regions. The food groups that contributed most to the variation of the SRs of diet-related NCDs in China were high consumption of red meat and refined grains, and low consumption of whole grains, fruits, and legumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To address the heterogeneity in diet-related NCD risks, focusing on region-specific dietary practical is imperative for Chinese population, in order to propose tailored guidance to adhere to diet recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2975-2986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary trajectories over 21 years and frailty in Norwegian older adults: the Tromsø Study 1994-2016.","authors":"Dina M Konglevoll, Lene F Andersen, Magne Thoresen, Torunn H Totland, Laila A Hopstock, Anette Hjartåker, Monica H Carlsen","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03482-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03482-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between five dietary trajectories over 21 years and frailty in Norwegian older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used data from three surveys of the Tromsø Study. Diet was measured using food frequency questionnaires at baseline (Tromsø4, 1994-95), after 7 years (Tromsø5, 2001) and at the end of follow-up (Tromsø7, 2015-16). Survey-specific diet scores were constructed based on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and group-based trajectory modelling was used to derive dietary trajectories. At follow-up, frailty was assessed with a 41-item frailty index. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between dietary trajectories and frailty, adjusted for baseline variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 715 participants, 55% were women, with an average age of 54 years at baseline and 74 years at follow-up. The dietary trajectories 'moderately healthy' and 'healthy increase' were associated with a lower frailty index score at follow-up (β = -0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.04, -0.002, β = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.06, -0.007), compared with the 'unhealthy' trajectory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that maintaining a moderately healthy to very healthy diet from mid-life into older age is associated with a lower risk of frailty and supports the promotion of a healthy diet from adulthood to facilitate healthy ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2987-2998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-processed food intake in toddlerhood and mid-childhood in the UK: cross sectional and longitudinal perspectives.","authors":"Rana E Conway, Gabriella N Heuchan, Lisa Heggie, Fernanda Rauber, Natalie Lowry, Hannah Hallen, Clare H Llewellyn","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03496-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03496-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>(i) Characterize ultra-processed food (UPF) intakes in toddlerhood and mid-childhood, including identifying principal UPF sub-groups and associations with nutrient profile; (ii) explore stability and change in UPF intake between toddlerhood and mid-childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from children in the UK Gemini twin cohort at 21 months (n = 2,591) and 7 years (n = 592) of age. UPF intakes were estimated using diet diaries and Nova classification. Complex samples general linear or logistic regression models were used to explore associations between UPF intake, UPF sub-groups and nutrients, and changes in intake over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The contribution of UPF to total energy was 46.9% (± 14.7) at 21 months and 59.4% (± 12.5) at 7 years. Principal UPF sub-groups were yogurts, higher-fiber breakfast cereals, and wholegrain breads in toddlerhood, and puddings and sweet cereal products and white breads in mid-childhood. At both ages, mean free sugar and sodium intakes exceeded recommended maximums and higher UPF consumption was associated with consuming more of each nutrient (P < 0.001). UPF intake was negatively associated with fat, saturated fat and protein intake in toddlerhood, and fiber intake in mid-childhood (P < 0.001). Being in the highest UPF intake quintile in toddlerhood was predictive of being in the highest quintile in mid-childhood (OR 9.40, 95%CI 3.94-22.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UPF accounted for nearly half of toddlers' energy, increasing to 59% in mid-childhood. Higher UPF consumers had higher intakes of free sugar and sodium. UPF intake in toddlerhood was predictive of mid-childhood intake. Effective policies are needed to reduce UPF intakes in the early years.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"3149-3160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of magnesium intake and cognition in the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan.","authors":"Meng-Hua Tao, Shu-Chun Chuang, I-Chien Wu, Huei-Ting Chan, Chiu-Wen Cheng, Hui-Ling Chen, Marion M Lee, Hsing-Yi Chang, Chao Agnes Hsiung, Chih-Cheng Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03490-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03490-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that higher magnesium intake is associated with better cognitive function, particularly in individuals with sufficient vitamin D status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal associations between magnesium intake and cognitive impairment in a community-based cohort study in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population included 5663 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 55 years old recruited from 2009 to 2013 and followed up from 2013 to 2020. Magnesium intake was evaluated from a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cognitive performance was measured at baseline and follow-up for participants' Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Clock-Drawing Test (CDT), and impairment was defined as MMSE < 24, DSST < 21, and CDT < 3, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations and were stratified by sex and plasma vitamin D levels (≥ 50 or < 50 nmol/L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher baseline magnesium intake was associated with lower odds of a poor performance on the MMSE in both men and women (4th vs. 1st. quartile: OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.23-0.82, p_trend < 0.01 in men and OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.29-0.97, p_trend = 0.12 in women) and on the DSST in men (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09-0.61, p_trend < 0.01) at follow-up. Inverse associations between baseline magnesium intake and a poor performance on the MMSE or DSST were observed in men regardless of vitamin D status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggested that higher magnesium intake was associated with the development of cognitive impairment in men in a median follow-up period of 6 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"3061-3073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil shows no consistent benefits on cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Mahdi Keshani, Narges Sadeghi, Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani, Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi, Manoj Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide but there is a variation in its burden across some nations that seems to be related to dietary habits. Mediterranean populations have lower rates of morbidity and mortality from CVD. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched with olive oil on blood lipids, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL databases until March 2024 was conducted to identify clinical trials studying the effects of MedDiet enriched with olive oil on the aforementioned parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 3303 records were retrieved. A total of 18 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria after records were screened for eligibility. According to the pooled analysis from the random-effects model, the MedDiet enriched with olive oil significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) compared with the control group (WMD = -2.40 mg/dl; 95%CI, -4.533 to -0.262; P = 0.027). Strong heterogeneity was observed. Sensitivity analysis did not change our results and no significant effect of any trial on the overall effect sizes of all variables were found. There was a concern about the reporting bias for some studies which reported some main outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MedDiet enriched with olive oil showed no consistent effects on any of the reported markers of cardiovascular health except on TG.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>CRD42023424641.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2835-2857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient intake and telomere length: findings from the UK Biobank.","authors":"Marianna Spinou, Androniki Naska, Christopher P Nelson, Veryan Codd, Nilesh J Samani, Vasiliki Bountziouka","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03460-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03460-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether micronutrient intake from food as well as the regular uptake of specific vitamins and/or minerals are associated with leucocyte telomere length (LTL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study using data from 422,693 UK Biobank participants aged from 40 to 69 years old, during 2006-2010. LTL was measured as the ratio of telomere repeat number to a single-copy gene and was log_e-transformed and z-standardized (z-LTL). Information concerning supplement use was collected at baseline through the touchscreen assessment, while micronutrient intake from food were self-reported through multiple web-based 24 h recall diaries. The association between micronutrient intake or supplement use and z-LTL was assessed using multivariable linear regression models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 50% (n = 131,810) of the participants, with complete data on all covariates, self-reported regular supplement intake. Whilst overall supplement intake was not associated with z-LTL, trends toward shorter z-LTL with regular vitamin B (-0.019 (95% CI: -0.041; 0.002)) and vitamin B9 (-0.027 (-0.054; 0.000)) supplement intake were observed. z-LTL was associated with food intake of pantothenic acid (-0.020 (-0.033; -0.007)), vitamin B6 (-0.015 (-0.027; -0.003)), biotin (0.010 (0.002; 0.018)) and folate (0.016 (0.003; 0.030)). Associations of z-LTL with these micronutrients were differentiated according to supplement intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Negative associations equivalent to a year or less of age-related change in LTL between micronutrient intake and LTL were observed. Due to this small effect, the clinical importance of the associations and any relevance to the effects of vitamin and micronutrient intake toward chronic disease prevention remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"2871-2883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-processed foods consumption and risk of age-related eye diseases: a prospective cohort study with UK biobank.","authors":"Jianping Hu, Yiran Yao, Tongxin Ge, Shaoyun Wang, Shuyu Liu, Qiuyi Zhu, Xin Song, Renbing Jia, Ai Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03498-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03498-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been associated with increased risks of various age-related diseases. However, the potential association between UPF consumption and age-related eye diseases (AREDs) remains unclear. We aim to assess the associations between consumption of UPF and risk of AREDs including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract and glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 156,232 individuals aged 50 or older, who were free from AREDs from UK biobank study. Dietary intake data were collected using 24-h dietary assessments. UPF is defined according to the NOVA classification, and all participants are divided into four quartiles based on the weight proportion (%) of UPF. During a median of 10 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate the association between the proportion of UPF in the diet and the subsequent risk of various AREDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for multiple variables, individuals in the highest quartiles for UPF consumption exhibited an increased risk of AMD (hazard ratio (HR): 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.63; p = 0.03), cataract (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.20; p = 0.04), and glaucoma (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.98-1.63; p = 0.06) compared to those in the lowest quartiles. Moreover, a 10% increase in the weight of UPF in diet was associated with an 8% higher risk of AMD (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15; p = 0.03), a 3% higher risk of cataract (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.06; p = 0.04), and a 7% higher risk of glaucoma (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00-1.15; p = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that a higher proportion of UPF in the diet was significantly link with an elevated risk of AMD and cataract. While additional research is necessary to validate these findings in diverse populations and settings, these results offer initial evidence to endorse public health initiatives that encourage limiting consumption of UPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"3175-3186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of fruit, vegetable, and legume consumption and the risk of hypertension: results from the KoGES_CAVAS cohort.","authors":"Ji-Sook Kong, Yu-Mi Kim, Min-Ho Shin, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jinho Shin, Mi Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03503-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03503-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between total consumption of fruits (F), vegetables (V), and legumes (L) and their subgroups and hypertension risk in adults aged ≥ 40 years in the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study (CAVAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 10,325 normotensive participants using cumulative average dietary consumption from repeated food frequency questionnaires during the follow-up. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated with a modified Poisson regression model and a robust error estimator to evaluate the association between hypertension risk and total consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, as well as their 17 subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During an average follow-up of 5.20 years, 2159 cases of hypertension were recorded. Total consumption of FVL, FV, fruits, vegetables, and legumes showed overall inverse trends with hypertension risk. Considering multiplicity, fruit consumption was inversely associated with hypertension risk in both men (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.79) and women (IRR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64-0.91). Vegetables were inversely associated with hypertension in women (IRR 0.67; 95% CI 0.53-0.86). Most subgroups showed inverse associations, especially in men with overweight/obesity. However, frequent pickled green leafy vegetable consumption was positively associated with hypertension risk in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women (P_interaction = 0.0004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption of FVL, including their subgroups, generally shows inverse associations with hypertension risk. However, caution is advised for recommending pickled vegetables, particularly for postmenopausal women, due to the potential adverse effects of sodium. The benefits of these foods in preventing hypertension are especially pronounced in men with overweight/obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"3235-3253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}