European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Impact of vegetarianism on cognition and neuropsychological status among urban community-dwelling adults in Telangana, South India: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Keotshepile Precious Bojang, Varalakshmi Manchana","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03541-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03541-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary changes following a lifestyle-based intervention for dementia risk reduction - results from the AgeWell.de study.","authors":"Andrea E Zülke, Iris Blotenberg, Melanie Luppa, Margrit Löbner, Juliane Döhring, Martin Williamson, Robert P Kosilek, Irina Michel, Anke Oey, Christian Brettschneider, Jochen Gensichen, David Czock, Birgitt Wiese, Hans-Helmut König, Thomas Frese, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Wolfgang Hoffmann, René Thyrian, Steffi G Riedel-Heller","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03563-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03563-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated the effects of a multidomain lifestyle intervention conducted in older adults at increased risk for dementia on participants' diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analyses of the cluster-randomized AgeWell.de-trial, testing a multidomain intervention (optimization of nutrition and medication, enhancement of physical, social and cognitive activity) in older adults at increased dementia risk. Intervention effects on a healthy diet (composite score) and its components were analyzed using Poisson- and logistic regression analyses. Stages of behavior change (transtheoretical model), and respective changes between baseline and follow-up were analyzed using mixed regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 819 individuals were analyzed (M_age = 69.0, SD = 4.9, n_{intervention/control group} = 378/441). We observed a significant intervention effect on the healthy diet score (b = 0.06, IRR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11). Changes were particularly due to increased fruit- and vegetable consumption, while other food components were not improved by the intervention. The intervention did not induce transitions to advanced stages of behavior change regarding a healthy diet, however, participants in the control group moved to initial stages of behavior change (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multidomain lifestyle intervention improved participants' diet and maintained motivation to change in an at-risk-sample. However, only fruit- and vegetable consumption increased. Additional support might be necessary to encourage older adults to integrate new, healthier food components into their diet. Control group participants transitioned to initial stages of behavior change, stressing the need to encourage older adults to maintain a healthy diet as they age. AGEWELL.DE WAS PROSPECTIVELY REGISTERED IN THE GERMAN CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTER (DRKS; IDENTIFIER: DRKS00013555) ON DECEMBER 7TH, 2017: DRKS00013555.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intakes of trans fatty acids before the prohibition of partially hydrogenated oils in Canada.","authors":"Isabelle Demonty, Kuan Chiao Wang, Isabelle Rondeau, Chantal Martineau, Lindsay Manley, Janice Daoust, Kathryn Hopperton","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03569-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03569-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Canada's public health objective is that ≥ 90% of the population consume <1% of total energy (< 1%En) as trans fatty acids (TFA), in line with World Health Organization recommendations. Our study aimed to estimate usual intakes of total TFA, industrially-produced TFA (i-TFA), and naturally occurring TFA (n-TFA) overall and in subgroups of the population before Canada's 2018 prohibition on the use of partially hydrogenated oils (PHO) in foods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 1-2 24-h recalls was available for 19,670 participants in the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition 2015. Usual intakes of total TFA, i-TFA, n-TFA, and mixed TFA (TFA from foods containing both i-TFA and n-TFA) from all foods and beverages were generated according to the National Cancer Institute method, and weighted to represent the population of Canada aged ≥ 1 and within age, sex, income, and self-reported racial groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the overall population, the mean usual intake of total TFA was 1.2 g/day (SE:0.02) and represented 0.57%En (SE:0.001). All age-sex groups had mean total TFA intakes <1%En, ranging from 0.52 to 0.71%En. On average, foods containing only n-TFA provided >1/2 of total TFA intake (0.32%En, SE:0.01). The target of ≥ 90% of the population consuming <1%En as TFA had already been achieved before the PHO prohibition in all income, racial, and age-sex groups, except children 1-3 years old, with 86% within target. In that group, foods containing only n-TFA provided >2/3 of total TFA intake (0.48%En, SE:0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Total TFA intakes in Canada before the PHO prohibition were relatively low, likely due to previous initiatives to reduce i-TFA in foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary sources of free, added, and total sugars in Swedish adolescents.","authors":"Julia Wanselius, Anna Karin Lindroos, Lotta Moraeus, Emma Patterson, Christina Berg, Christel Larsson","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03568-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03568-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Swedish adolescents' free and added sugars intake exceeds recommended levels. This poses potential health problems; however, little is known about dietary sources within the Swedish population. This study investigated dietary sources of sugars among Swedish adolescents, as well as timing and location of free sugars intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationally representative sample of 3099 adolescents in school years 5, 8 and 11 (ages around 12, 15 and 18) was derived from the Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 cross-sectional survey. Dietary intake was self-reported over two non-consecutive days of retrospective registration. Various food categories' contribution to sugars intake were evaluated in relative and absolute terms. To analyse differences between subsamples in consumption, non-parametric tests and logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) were the biggest source of free (30%) and added sugars (34%) within the population, contributing with 4.4% of total energy intake among consumers. SSBs were particularly consumed by boys, adolescents to parents with lower education levels, and those residing in smaller cities/rural areas. Other food categories contributing substantially to free sugars intake were sweets and chocolates (20%), sweet bakery products and desserts (11%), fruit juices (11%), and sweetened dairy products (9%). Intakes of free sugars were higher during weekends, mostly consumed outside of main meals, predominantly within the home environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of free and added sugars consumed by Swedish adolescents comes from nutrient-poor food sources. SSB intake is highly associated with free and added sugars intake and is the primary source of sugars in the adolescent diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Australian children's dietary intakes with the Eat-Lancet Commission Planetary Health Diet targets and Australian Dietary Guidelines: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nuvini Samarathunga, Alison Spence, Carley Grimes, Catherine G Russell, Kathleen E Lacy","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03565-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03565-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As healthy eating recommendations shift to incorporate environmentally sustainable eating principles, it becomes crucial to understand whether children's dietary intakes align with global recommendations such as the EAT-Lancet Commission Planetary Health Diet (PHD), in addition to national health-promoting guidelines, including the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the alignment of young Australian children's food intakes with these recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary data from the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey for children aged 2-8 years were used and compared with, energy-adjusted target amounts of the PHD and ADG Foundation Diet. Usual energy intakes were calculated for two age groups (2-3; 4-8 years) and used to proportionally adjust the adult PHD target amounts for children. Mean intake of each food group (g/day) was determined through one 24-h dietary recall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both age groups (2-3-years: n = 463; 4-8-years: n = 776), the daily mean consumption of wholegrains, starchy vegetables, other vegetables, eggs, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated oils was below the PHD targets, while the consumption of red meat, dairy products, poultry, and added sugars was above the targets. The ADG Foundation Diet trends were similar to the PHD for wholegrains, vegetables, nuts, and legumes but the daily mean consumption of dairy products and red meat was below ADG Foundation Diet targets and above PHD targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Australian children's diets do not align with the PHD and ADG Foundation Diet. Substantial changes are required to improve dietary practices, emphasizing the gap between current consumption and recommended guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legume intakes on cardiometabolic profile and gut microbiome function: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"Md Altaf Hossain, Khushboo Soni, Dominic Agyei, Biniam Kebede, Andrew N Reynolds","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03576-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03576-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Legumes are widely considered one of the most beneficial food groups to consume. They are high in fibre and plant-based protein as well as naturally low in sodium, saturated fats, and sugars. However, legumes do not feature prominently in the modern diet, and previous evidence syntheses show inconsistent results on cardiometabolic risk profile when increasing legume intakes. This review examines the impact of legume intake on cardiometabolic profile and gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EMBASE, OVID Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to 15 May 2024 with checking of relevant reference lists and bibliographies. Relevant data were extracted into pre-tested forms and risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB2. Searches, screening, and risk of bias assessment were done independently by two reviewers. We have considered trials where legumes were provided to adults, with and without pre-existing conditions (i.e. type 2 diabetes, heart disease or dyslipidaemia), in randomised controlled trials of at least six weeks duration on cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiome outcomes. Trial data were pooled using random effects models. Prespecified regression analyses were then performed to identify the factors influencing pooled results. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 30 papers of 24 trials with 33 eligible comparisons where legumes (daily average 86 g (range 2-251)) were provided to 1,938 participants. No eligible studies reported on microbiome outcomes. There was moderate certainty evidence that higher legume intakes improved total cholesterol (mean difference (MD) -0.23mmol/L, 95%CI -0.33 to -0.13), LDL cholesterol (MD -0.16mmol/L (-0.24 to -0.08)), and fasting blood glucose (MD -0.18mmol/L (-0.30 to -0.06)). The majority of trial comparisons (70%) provided an isoenergetic control food. Pooled results were influenced by underlying differences between trials such as type and format of legumes provided, but not consistently across multiple outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing legume intakes improved some blood lipid and glucose parameters, but not all. Isoenergetic comparisons in trials may obscure changes in cardiometabolic risk factors due to greater satiation or reduced intake, and no trials greater than six weeks duration were identified to consider the microbiome-mediated health effects with greater legume intakes. Future trials in these areas are necessary.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Prospero ID CRD42023456953.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on MASLD: a Mendelian randomization analysis and in vivo experiment.","authors":"Fengming Xu, Mohamed Albadry, Annika Döding, Xinpei Chen, Olaf Dirsch, Ulrike Schulze-Späte, Uta Dahmen","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03560-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03560-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive intake of fatty acids is a key factor contributing to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on the development of MASLD are uncertain. Therefore, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization studies and animal experiments to explore the effects of SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the risk of developing MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The genetic summary data of exposures and outcome were retrieved from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and used for five Mendelian randomization methods. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of the results. Mice were subjected to different diets followed by assessment of severity of steatosis based on a histological score and determination of hepatic triglyceride levels to investigate the relationships between SFA, MUFA, PUFA and MASLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mendelian randomization results showed that MUFA (odds ratio: 1.441, 95% confidence interval: 1.078-1.927, P = 0.014) was causally associated with the incidence of MASLD. SFA and PUFA were not causally associated with the incidence of MASLD. Sensitivity analysis did not identify any significant bias in the results. The animal experiment results showed that a MUFA-enriched diet significantly contributed to the development of hepatic steatosis (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFA and PUFA did not have a significant causal effect on MASLD, but MUFA intake is a risk factor for MASLD. A MUFA-enriched diet increased the incidence of macrovesicular steatosis and the hepatic triglyceride levels. Therefore, replacing MUFA intake with a moderate intake of PUFA might help reduce the risk of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Micronutrient intake and telomere length: findings from the UK Biobank.","authors":"Marianna Spinou, Androniki Naska, Christopher P Nelson, Veryan Codd, Nilesh J Samani, Vasiliki Bountziouka","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03543-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03543-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term egg-protein hydrolysate consumption improves endothelial function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in older adults with overweight or obesity.","authors":"Micah S Adams, Ronald P Mensink, Jogchum Plat, Bjorn Winkens, Peter J Joris","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03566-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03566-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The dietary egg-protein hydrolysate Newtricious (NWT)-03 has previously demonstrated improvements in blood pressure and metabolic profiles. However, the long-term effects on vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers are unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four older (aged 60-75) adults with overweight/obesity experiencing elevated Subjective Cognitive Failures (SCF) were randomized into a 36-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants either consumed 5.7 g of an egg-protein hydrolysate (NWT-03) or maltodextrin placebo. Endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation [FMD] and carotid artery reactivity [CAR] responses after a cold pressor test), arterial stiffness (carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV_c-f]), retinal microvascular calibers, and cardiometabolic risk markers (insulin sensitivity using a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profiles, and blood pressure) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FMD observed a non-significant trend towards a 0.3 percentage point (pp) increase in the intervention compared to the placebo group (95% CI: [0.0, 0.7]; p = 0.08), and a significant intervention effect was observed on CAR responses based on a 0.7 pp improvement after a cold pressor test (95% CI: [0.1, 1.3]; p = 0.03). No significant overall changes were observed for arterial stiffness as measured by PWV_c-f. Retinal microvascular calibers and cardiometabolic parameters also did not change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term supplementation with 5.7 g of the egg-protein hydrolysate NWT-03 for 36 weeks improved vascular endothelial function in older adults with overweight/obesity experiencing elevated SCF, which may benefit cardiovascular disease risk. No overall changes in other vascular function markers, retinal microvascular calibers or cardiometabolic risk markers were observed.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2021 as NCT04831203: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04831203.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between animal protein, plant protein, and their substitution with bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.","authors":"Sara Beigrezaei, Mostafa Dianati, Amin Salehi-Abargouei, Mohammad Fararouei, Ali Akbari-Beni, Maree Brinkman, Emily White, Elisabete Weiderpass, Florence Le Calvez-Kelm, Marc J Gunter, Inge Huybrechts, Fredrik Liedberg, Guri Skeie, Anne Tjonneland, Elio Riboli, Maurice P Zeegers, Anke Wesselius","doi":"10.1007/s00394-024-03551-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00394-024-03551-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although total dietary protein intake has been associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk, the effect of the origin (plant or animal) and the substitutions remain to be understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total dietary protein, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and their substitutions with each other on the risk of BC using a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted within the \"BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants\" (BLEND) study, including 10 prospective cohort studies from several European countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Individual data from 10 prospective cohorts containing 434,412 participants (overall male/female ratio was almost 3:1) with a total of 4,224,643.8 person-years of follow-up was analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC risk for animal and plant-based protein substitutions of 30gram (g) per day (g/day) were estimated by multivariable adjusted HRs using Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 11.4 years of follow-up, among 434,412 participants (73.28% female), 1,440 new cases of BC were identified. After multivariable adjustment, no association was observed between the intake of total, animal-based protein, and plant-based protein and BC risk. Replacement of every 30 g/day of animal-based protein intake by the same amount of plant-based protein intake or vice versa was not associated with the risk of BC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study found no association between protein intake-whether from animal or plant sources-and the risk of BC. Substituting animal-based protein with plant-based protein, or the reverse, did not influence BC risk. Future studies are required to provide information on the link between animal- and plant-based proteins and BC risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12030,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition","volume":"64 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}