European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Next generation capsules: emerging technologies in capsule fabrication and targeted oral drug delivery","authors":"Elisa Millet ,&nbsp;Joseph P O’Shea ,&nbsp;Brendan T Griffin ,&nbsp;Camille Dumont ,&nbsp;Vincent Jannin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capsule-based drug delivery has undergone significant advancements, offering enhanced protection for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and enabling precise, site-specific release in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Recent innovations such as enteric coatings, dual-layer encapsulation (double-dipping), and advanced polymer formulations have expanded the functional capabilities of capsules, offering opportunities to enhance bioavailability and stability of sensitive molecules like peptides, proteins, and RNA-based therapies. Additionally, cutting-edge manufacturing techniques—including injection molding and 3D printing—are facilitating the production of customized capsules with controlled release profiles, thereby minimizing systemic side effects and enhancing patient adherence.</div><div>This review examines the technological advancements from single-layer to double-layer capsules, a crucial development to achieve enteric properties and enhance drug protection against degradation in gastric fluids. We explore key capsule manufacturing technologies, including double-dipping, enteric coating, and emerging approaches such as 3D printing and injection molding, which offer new possibilities for precise drug delivery and formulation flexibility. By integrating these advancements, capsule technology continues to evolve as a promising platform for personalized and targeted oral drug delivery. Future research will focus on overcoming production constraints and further refining capsule design to optimize therapeutic efficacy across a broader range of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights on liposomal formulations based upon tear film lipids: A combined study of safety and ocular surface pharmacokinetics.","authors":"Janika Jäntti, Jooseppi Puranen, Arto Merivaara, Anusha Balla, Eveliina Tuomikoski, Jussi Paterno, Elisa Toropainen, Jan-Erik Raitanen, Tatu Lajunen, Filip S Ekholm, Marika Ruponen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a chronic disorder originating from the loss of tear film homeostasis and associated with ocular surface damage, irritation, pain, and blurred vision. There is a need for new treatments of DED and strategies based on enhancing the function of the tear film lipid layer have shown significant promise. In this study, our aim was to develop liposomal formulations based on central tear film lipid species such as a phosphatidylcholine (PC), a wax ester (WE) and an O-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acid (OAHFA). In more detail, two liposomal formulations were developed and characterized by physicochemical techniques in vitro followed by cytotoxicity studies in vitro (human corneal epithelial; HCE cells) and tolerability studies in vivo (rats and rabbits). To obtain more insights of the potential functionality of the formulations, their ability to promote the recovery of damaged HCE cells was assessed in vitro, the residence time of WE and OAHFA from rabbit tear fluid was determined in vivo, and the permeation and distribution of these lipids in excised rabbit cornea was investigated ex vivo. Both formulations were considered well-tolerated in vitro and in vivo, and possessed acceptable features for ocular administration. Also, in vitro cell recovery studies showed promise. No considerable differences were observed between the formulations in terms of the residence time of the WE and OAHFA utilized. Moreover, the studies indicated that these lipid species may accumulate in the corneal epithelium and thereafter distribute back to the tear fluid (especially in the case of the OAHFAs) after a longer dosing period. However, this topic requires further investigation in the future. Altogether, important new insights on the biocompatibility and performance of tear film lipid based formulations were uncovered through this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embedding lipid nanodispersions in matrices: preparation of solid dosage forms with high lipid content and structural investigations using atomic force microscopy.","authors":"Fabian C Herrmann, Nicole Hofmann, Fiona Haslacher, Denise Steiner","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid nanodispersions are a promising formulation strategy for improving the bioavailability of drugs that are poorly water-soluble but highly lipophilic. Since patients prefer solid dosage forms, further processing of the liquid formulations is necessary. In order to expand the range of applications for drugs formulated in lipid nanodispersions, a high lipid content is required in the solid dosage forms. The aim of the current study was to determine the maximum loading capacity of lipid nanoemulsions and nanosuspensions by embedding the dispersions into orodispersible films and lipid-containing powders using spray drying. Atomic force microscopy enabled an assessment of the particle arrangement in the solid dosage forms and identified a stack-like orientation of the platelet-shaped triglyceride particles when embedded in orodispersible films. During the preparation of the powders by spray drying, a random particle arrangement was achieved, which was caused by the melting of the lipid particles during processing. Furthermore, atomic force microscopic images showed that tristearin particles in the metastable α-modification can exist in elongated to platelet-like shape traced back to the particle formulation and preparation process. The highest loading capacity in the solid dosage forms was achieved when the lipid nanodispersions were embedded in a film-forming matrix of PVA, resulting in lipid contents of up to 47 wt.%. Similar high lipid contents were achieved when lactose was used as the matrix material during spray drying.</p>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Caco-2/MDCK intrinsic membrane permeability from HDM-PAMPA-derived hexadecane/water partition coefficients","authors":"Carolin Dahley ,&nbsp;Kai-Uwe Goss ,&nbsp;Andrea Ebert","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable membrane permeability data are essential in early drug development. Therefore, there is a strong need for robust experimental high-throughput screening methods, or ideally, accurate predictive tools, to assess membrane permeability. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the solubility-diffusion model can successfully predict passive permeability across biological Caco-2 and MDCK membranes, provided accurate hexadecane/water partition coefficients (K_hex/w) are available.</div><div>In this study, we investigated the HDM-PAMPA method for determining K_hex/w. We measured our own data (64 compounds) using this assay and compared the results with established methods such as black lipid membrane (BLM) experiments and classical two-phase systems. Our results show good agreement across methods, with both our data and literature values aligning closely.</div><div>Using these experimentally determined K_hex/w values, we achieved accurate predictions of permeability in Caco-2 and MDCK cell membranes (RMSE = 0.8, <em>n</em> = 29) based on a previously calibrated equation. We further evaluated the <em>in silico</em> prediction of K_hex/w using the UFZ-LSER database and the software COSMOtherm. COSMOtherm performed nearly as well as experimental measurements (RMSE = 1.20, <em>n</em> = 29), while the LSER approach (RMSE = 1.63, <em>n</em> = 29) is best applied when experimental descriptors are available or as a complement to COSMOtherm. This work highlights the practical utility of K_hex/w in high-throughput permeability estimation, which can support efficient screening and prioritization of drug candidates in pharmaceutical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFN-γ enhances Poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis and immunogenic cell death via TLR3 upregulation in cholangiocarcinoma cells","authors":"Apiwit Sae-Fung ,&nbsp;Thanpisit Lomphithak ,&nbsp;Nattaya Duangthim ,&nbsp;Siriporn Jitkaew","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a heterogeneous tumor arising in the bile ducts, is associated with unfavorable prognosis and high mortality rates due to limited effective treatment options. Though promising, immunotherapy is hindered by CCA's desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, known for its inflammatory and immunosuppressive characteristics, often termed a “cold tumor”. Previously, we reported that Poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist, synergizes with a Smac mimetic, an IAP antagonist, to trigger necroptosis when caspase activity is blocked. In this study, we aimed to evaluate rational combination strategies to advance Poly(I:C)-based necroptosis immunotherapy in preclinical models. Transcriptomic analysis of public CCA patient datasets revealed that low expression of <em>TLR3</em>, accompanied by low <em>IFNG</em> or <em>IRF1</em> expression, is significantly associated with poorer prognosis. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of the IFN-γ/IRF1/TLR3 axis and support the development of therapies targeting this pathway. We further found that IFN-γ treatment increases TLR3 expression. Importantly, we demonstrated that IFN-γ could enhance Poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) when IAPs and caspases are inhibited by Smac mimetic and the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK in human CCA cell lines. CU-CPT 4a, a highly selective TLR3 inhibitor, partially reduced this cell death. This indicates that the effect is mediated in part through TLR3. The combined effects were shown to depend on RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-induced necroptosis. Additionally, the dying cells released HMGB1, a marker of ICD, and their conditioned medium promoted dendritic cell maturation (CD80, CD86, HLA-DR), which is critical for antigen presentation and T-cell priming. From a personalized medicine perspective, <em>TLR3, IFNG</em>, and <em>IRF1</em> expression levels may serve as predictive biomarkers to guide patient selection for TLR3 agonist-based therapies. These findings could advance TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C)-based necroptosis cancer immunotherapy, alone or with immune checkpoint inhibitors, for CCA and possibly other cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating rat and canine microbiota models for predicting human colonic prodrug metabolism","authors":"Tiago Sousa ,&nbsp;Conor Beaupres De Monsales ,&nbsp;Charlotte Yeung ,&nbsp;Anders Borde ,&nbsp;Bertil Abrahamsson ,&nbsp;Abdul W. Basit","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of microbiome-aware drug development has placed growing emphasis on the need for reliable preclinical tools to evaluate microbiota-mediated drug metabolism. While human faecal models are used, they suffer from practical limitations such as donor recruitment and regulatory constraints. Larger animals like dogs are often assumed to be more translationally relevant yet are resource-intensive and subject to more complex regulatory and logistical requirements. Rats offer a more accessible, cost-effective and scalable alternative. However, it remains unclear whether their faecal material alone accurately reflects colonic metabolism. Specifically, it is unknown whether faecal samples capture the same metabolic activity as more invasive caecal or colonic contents, or how closely they reflect drug degradation in larger animal models or humans. This study aimed to: (i) compare degradation of three prodrugs across Wistar rat faecal, caecal, and colonic compartments; (ii) determine how rat degradation profiles differ from those observed in Labradors; and (iii) evaluate how closely rat and canine data align with published human in vitro results. Degradation kinetics of sulfasalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine were first assessed. Bioreactors prepared from 10% faecal, caecal, and colonic contents in rats were used. Faecal material showed equivalent metabolic activity to colonic and caecal material across all drugs (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.233), with sulfasalazine degrading most rapidly (t₁/₂ = 29.1 min), followed by balsalazide (t₁/₂ = 47.9 min), and olsalazine (t₁/₂ = 84.1 min). These findings indicate that faecal material can reliably substitute for more invasive gut content sampling, offering practical and procedural advantages. Subsequent interspecies comparisons revealed that rats exhibited significantly higher degradation rates than dogs (P &lt; 0.05), reflecting known differences in gut microbial density and composition. When benchmarked against published human in vitro data, rat degradation rates were closely aligned with human values, particularly for sulfasalazine (rat: <em>K</em> = 0.025 min⁻¹; human: <em>K</em> = 0.021 min⁻¹) and balsalazide (rat: <em>K</em> = 0.015 min⁻¹; human: <em>K</em> = 0.009 min⁻¹). These findings highlight rat faecal material as a practical and translationally relevant model for microbiota-sensitive prodrug metabolism, offering a low-impact alternative to invasive sampling and larger animal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a novel isocratic RP-HPLC method using AQbD approach for the quantification of favipiravir","authors":"Maryana Salamah ,&nbsp;Bence Sipos ,&nbsp;Gábor Katona ,&nbsp;Balázs Volk ,&nbsp;György Tibor Balogh ,&nbsp;Ildikó Csóka","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><div>In this study, the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach was used to develop an eco-friendly reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP–HPLC) method to identify and quantify favipiravir (FAV).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A risk assessment identified factors significantly impacting method performance. Three high level risk factors (X1: ratio of solvent, X2: pH of the buffer, X3: column type) were selected to study their impact on the following output responses: peak area (Y1), retention time (Y2), tailing factor (Y3) and theoretical plates count (Y4) using <span>d</span>-optimal experimental design. The method operable design region (MODR) and the robust set point were calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation method using the MODDE® 13 Pro software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The method was developed using an Inertsil® ODS-3 C18 column (250 mm, 4.6 mm, 5 μm, and 100 Å). The mobile phase was composed of A: acetonitrile and B: disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous buffer (pH 3.1, 20 mM) in a 18:82 v/v ratio, and was eluted at an isocratic-flow-rate of 1 mL/min at 30 °C with DAD detection at 323 nm. The method was validated as per the USP and ICH guidelines. The system suitability test parameters were within the USP limits. The method showed excellent linearity, sensitivity and selectivity. The optimized method showed good precision, accuracy and robustness with RSD value 〈 2 %. Additionally, the developed RP-HPLC method based AQbD approach showed excellent Analytical Eco-Scale score 〉 75, and was successfully applied for quantify FAV in the laboratory- prepared tablets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AQbD is a useful tool to replace existing traditional methods for the optimization of a green, validated RP-HPLC method, for the routine analysis and quality control of FAV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment-agnostic joint modeling of longitudinal circulating tumor dna predicts survival across first-line regimens in metastatic non-squamous NSCLC","authors":"Min Yuan ,&nbsp;Xin Lin ,&nbsp;Haolun Ding ,&nbsp;Sicheng Qu ,&nbsp;Yaning Yang ,&nbsp;Xu Steven Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Purpose</h3><div>To develop a treatment-agnostic joint model leveraging longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics to predict overall survival (OS) across different treatment regimens without incorporating treatment information using data from the IMpower150 trial in treatment-naïve metastatic non-squamous NSCLC patients.</div></div><div><h3>Experimental approach</h3><div>Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive ABCP, ACP, or BCP, with plasma samples collected at baseline and multiple time points to track longitudinal ctDNA changes. The joint model followed a two-step approach by combining two separate submodels: a disease submodel for ctDNA dynamics and a survival submodel for time-to-event analysis. Random effects are derived from the nonlinear mixed effects model for ctDNA dynamics. In the subsequent step, these individual random effects are incorporated as covariates in the survival submodel. A landmark modeling approach was used where ctDNA data from the first 21 weeks posttreatment was used to predicts OS beyond 21 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Key Results</h3><div>Among 466 participants, 348 had detectable ctDNA at one or more time points and were stratified into training (<em>n</em> = 181) and test (<em>n</em> = 167) sets. Fourteen ctDNA summary metrics were assessed, with median allele frequency for known/likely mutations emerging as the top-performing metric. Overall, the treatment-agnostic model's predicted survival curves closely matched the observed ones across treatment arms in both training and test sets. Predicted median OS and 2-/3-year OS rates aligned well for ABCP, ACP, and BCP, with discrepancies generally under 20 %. Although the model tended to overpredict OS for ACP—likely due to a small sample size—the final IMpower150 analysis reported median OS values within 10 % of our predictions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions &amp; Implications</h3><div>Early ctDNA monitoring and modeling have the potential to significantly enhance treatment personalization. By enabling the early prediction of patient outcomes across various treatment regimens, this treatment-agnostic model supports more informed clinical decision-making, ultimately improving patient management and outcomes in oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of the degradation products of metformin hydrochloride and vildagliptin","authors":"Amra Demirović ,&nbsp;Alija Uzunović ,&nbsp;Anisa Veledar-Hamalukić","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing production of tablets containing two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients, analytical methods must align with this patient-friendly trend. The development and optimization of a gradient HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of degradation products of metformin and vildagliptin are performed using Full Factorial Design, which allows the significance check of selected factors. Central Composite Design optimizes the method to achieve the desired resolution between critical peak pairs.</div><div>During the optimization process, the pH and salt concentration in the buffer solution were adjusted, while the oven temperature remained unchanged compared to the initial chromatographic conditions. Separation was achieved using a reversed-phase column. Optimization improved the resolutions between all four critical peak pairs, especially for the critical pair related to vildagliptin. The response surface graphs were used to identify optimal experimental conditions, aligning fully with the optimized method. The aim of this paper is to present the method development and prove that it suits the intended purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 107268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: CPH-EUFEPS 2024 Special Issue.","authors":"Judit Hohmann, Éva Szökő, Ildikó Bácskay, Tamás Tábi, Ildikó Bácskay","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}