European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Visualization and quantification of citalopram hydrobromide within highly porous drug products by near-infrared chemical imaging.","authors":"Ilari Ahola, Claus Cornett, Jukka Rantanen, Natalja Genina, José Manuel Amigo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel method for the fabrication of flexible and precise doses of an antidepressant, citalopram hydrobromide (CHB), utilizing two approaches of incorporating CHB into the dosage form, was introduced in an earlier study. This method, called tunable modular design (TMD), employs CHB-preloaded modules done by freeze-drying together with inkjet printing of CHB-containing ink onto the modules. In this study, near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) was utilized to visualize the distribution of CHB both on the printed surface of the samples as well as through imaging the cross-section of these samples. Furthermore, as the TMD samples are to be optimally produced at the point of care, it is crucial to understand the factors affecting the development of fast, non-destructive, quantitative models for dose verification to ensure the delivery of high-quality drug products to patients. A state-of-the-art pushbroom NIR-CI instrument was utilized for this purpose. Industry-standard partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVR) models were implemented for data analysis. Furthermore, multivariate curve resolution was explored as both qualitative and quantitative modeling tools. The obtained prediction models were accurate, having the root mean square error of prediction of the quantitative SVR models as low as 0.21. Additionally, NIR-CI could detect the printed drug in the samples along the cross-section and on the surface, thus making it a potent tool for the troubleshooting and quality control of TMD samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced stability of levodopa and benserazide fixed-dose combination tablets through optimized production processes","authors":"Onur Pinarbasli,&nbsp;N. Egesen Kok,&nbsp;Feristah Bilgin,&nbsp;Nagehan Sarracoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterized by dopamine deficiency, which significantly impairs motor function and quality of life. Levodopa remains the gold standard treatment due to its efficacy in replenishing dopamine levels. However, its combination with decarboxylase inhibitors such as benserazide is necessary to increase bioavailability and reduce peripheral side effects. Despite this advantage, the inherent instability of benserazide under changing environmental conditions presents a significant challenge in formulating effective and long-lasting fixed-dose combinations. The objective of this study is to develop a stable fixed-dose tablet composition of levodopa and benserazide by formulating their granules separately to prevent degradation, an approach underexplored in existing literature. By granulating these active ingredients separately, the formulation exploits the stability and process advantages of both techniques while addressing the risks of degradation associated with their direct interaction. The wet granulation of levodopa ensures homogeneity and optimized powder compressibility, while the dry granulation of benserazide avoids moisture-induced instability. Extensive stability studies under accelerated and long-term conditions have demonstrated the superiority of this dual granulation strategy. These findings suggest that separate granulation improves the stability and efficacy of levodopa-benserazide formulations, offering a promising strategy for the long-term management of Parkinson’s disease and addressing a critical gap in current pharmaceutical research. The formulation demonstrated consistent active ingredient content over time, minimized impurity formation, and exhibited stable physicochemical properties, going far beyond conventional single granulation methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-aortic infusion of nicotine can induce a novel mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm","authors":"Haole Liu ,&nbsp;Longlong Qin ,&nbsp;Jiawei Zou ,&nbsp;Kangli Tian ,&nbsp;Kexin Li ,&nbsp;Ruipu Tian ,&nbsp;Fizza Malik ,&nbsp;Panpan Wei ,&nbsp;Congcong Xia ,&nbsp;Haiwen Hou ,&nbsp;Tianzhi Cai ,&nbsp;Yibin Meng ,&nbsp;Enqi Liu ,&nbsp;Baohui Xu ,&nbsp;Sihai Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Smoking is one of the most important independent risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, harmful tobacco substances, such as nicotine, are not directly used to induce experimental AAAs in animals to mimic smokers with an AAA status similar to that of humans. To facilitate the study of the relationship between smoking and AAA, this study presents a novel model of nicotine-induced AAA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to validate that smoking and its main harmful substance, nicotine, are independent risk factors for AAA. We then evaluated the intraluminal infusion of four doses of nicotine into mouse abdominal aortas to establish a novel AAA model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MR analysis revealed that smoking, daily cigarette consumption, and smoking cessation history were positively associated with AAA pathogenesis, and the associations between the nicotine metabolism rate and AAA approached statistical significance. On day 14 after nicotine infusion in the mice, the mean diameter of the abdominal aorta increased from approximately 0.50 mm (baseline) to 0.94 to 1.0 mm in the four groups. Almost all of the mice developed abdominal aortic aneurysms, but aortic dilation did not show a clear dose‒dependent relationship. Compared with the sham and PBS infusion groups, the nicotine infusion group (5 mg/mL dose was selected for subsequent analysis) presented more severe aortic dilation, aortic elastin degradation, medial smooth muscle cell loss and aortic leukocyte accumulation. A more severe inflammatory status also increased aortic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression and promoted mural neovessel sprouting. Notably, the lesions in the nicotine infusion group were generally not as severe as those in the PPE infusion group, which served as a positive control. To test whether the effect of nicotine on AAA pathogenesis is dependent on its corresponding receptors, we blocked its main receptor, the α7 subunit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, with the antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). The results showed that the aneurysmal lesions were significantly improved by MLA treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, we established a novel and highly efficient experimental AAA model via direct intraluminal nicotine infusion. We also demonstrated that nicotine-induced AAA formation is partially dependent on the activation of its receptors, thus providing a research tool for studying the management of smoking-induced AAAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogenated plant-based Lecithins as excipients for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications: A physical-chemical study.","authors":"Fabio Strati, Simon Drescher, Chen Shen, Reinhard H H Neubert, Gerald Brezesinski","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lecithin is a generic term that is often used to indicate a product mainly constituted of phospholipids. Lecithins can be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic field as wetting agents, emulsifiers and building blocks for the production of liposomes and micelles. One of its main sources are plants. From their extraction a final product mainly constituted of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines can be obtained. Common issue connected to freshly extracted lecithins is the presence of a product rich in double bonds subject to photo and air oxidation. By adding in the purification process a further catalytic step, it is possible to form stable hydrogenated lecithin products. Despite their widespread use, little is known about the physicochemical properties of such hydrogenated lecithins, detailed studies mainly based on X-ray scattering methods on mono- and multi-layers have been performed. Additionally, the emulsifying properties of these lecithins such as Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation (HLD parameter) and solubility have also been studied. General findings are that mixtures with higher amounts of phosphatidylcholines (90-100 %) formed a well-defined lamellar phase showing in monolayers complete absence of charge, while lecithins with lower phosphatidylcholine contents (75-80 %) formed charged monolayers and positionally uncorrelated bilayers due to the presence of charged species. The hydrogenated phospholipids (PLs) studied were highly soluble in several co-solvents which are suitable for the incorporation of these phospholipids into relevant dermal formulations. The studied PLs are able to stabilize innovative dermal colloidal formulations such as cerosomes and to improve the incorporation of them into Stratum corneum models. In conclusion, the following studies will allow a more rational selection of hydrogenated lecithins for the formulation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of machine learning models for estimation of disintegration time on fast-disintegrating tablets","authors":"Afrasim Moin ,&nbsp;Farhat Fatima ,&nbsp;Fahad Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Zahrah Ali Ahmed Asiri ,&nbsp;Noura Awad abo Sahba ,&nbsp;Hanan Saad Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Leen Hussien Al-Rubaie ,&nbsp;Umme Hani","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The disintegration time for solid dosage oral formulations is directly influenced by diverse factors such as molecular properties, physical characteristics, excipient compositions, and formulation-specific attributes. This research addresses the challenge of predicting this parameter by applying advanced machine learning techniques to model disintegration behavior, with improved reliability achieved through Z-score normalization and outlier removal during data preprocessing. The data was used for the fast-disintegrating tablets (FDT) to assess the effects of underlying parameters on the tablet disintegration time. The selected models—Multi-Task Lasso (MTL), Elastic Net (EN), and a stacking ensemble—were chosen to balance feature selection, multicollinearity handling, and predictive performance. The stacking ensemble, which combines the outputs of MTL and EN through a meta-regressor, effectively leverages their complementary strengths, resulting in superior accuracy and robustness. Hyperparameter tuning was performed using the Firefly Optimization Algorithm (FFA), a bio-inspired optimization technique known for its efficiency in navigating high-dimensional search spaces. This ensured optimal model performance and reduced the risk of overfitting, leading to a solution capable of generalizing across various data subsets. Key findings include the identification of the top 10 most influential features, with wetting time emerging as a primary determinant of disintegration behavior. This study reports a new framework that combines machine learning models with advanced optimization techniques for accurate disintegration time prediction of pharmaceutical tablets. Besides increasing the predictive value of the model, the framework also provides valuable understanding of the most influential factors that influence disintegration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"cGAS-STING targeting offers a novel therapeutic paradigm in cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Weixue Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Pu Gao ,&nbsp;Joshua S. Fleishman ,&nbsp;Hongquan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic GMP/AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), along with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are crucial elements of the type 1 interferon response. cGAS senses microbial DNA and self-DNA, labeling cGAS-STING as a crucial mechanism in autoimmunity, sterile inflammatory responses, and cellular senescence. However, chronic and aberrant activation of the cGAS/STING axis results in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. cGAS-STING has emerged as a vital mechanism driving inflammation-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Insights into the biology of the cGAS-STING pathway have enabled the discovery of small-molecule agents which have the potential to inhibit the cGAS-STING axis in many human diseases. In this review, we first outline the principal components of the cGAS-STING signaling cascade. From such we discuss recent research that highlights general mechanisms by which cGAS-STING contributes to CVDs. Then, we summarize a list of bioactive small-molecule compounds which modulate the cGAS-STING axis, reviewing their potential clinical applications. Finally, we discuss key limitations of this new proposed therapeutic approach and provide possible techniques to overcome them.These review highlights a novel groundbreaking therapeutic possibilities through targeting cGAS-STING in CVDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A story of falsification and authentication: Authenticity control of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal remedies","authors":"Christian Steuer,&nbsp;Justine Raeber","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural remedies and phytopharmaceuticals are gaining popularity among both consumers and patients who seek a healthier and more environmentally friendly lifestyle. Healthcare professionals are also increasingly incorporating phytopharmaceuticals into therapeutic practices, recognizing their potential benefits for overall health and well-being. This trend is further driven by a growing distrust of synthetic compounds and dissatisfaction with conventional medical treatments, prompting many patients to explore natural alternatives. As a result, the demand for phytopharmaceuticals, essential oils, and nutraceuticals continues to rise steadily.</div><div>However, falsified natural remedies can pose serious risks to human health, making quality assurance a critical priority. Sophisticated and reliable analytical strategies are essential to ensure product authenticity and to protect consumers and patients from potentially harmful adulteration.</div><div>This review provides an overview of documented cases of adulteration and the corresponding countermeasures developed to detect such incidents. Commonly used analytical techniques for authenticity verification of phytopharmaceuticals, essential oils, and other natural remedies are presented. The review discusses the application of spectroscopic methods, mass spectrometry, chromatographic separation techniques, and DNA-based profiling, with reference to current scientific literature. In addition, selected chemometric tools are introduced to illustrate how meaningful information can be extracted from complex analytical data. The potential of multidimensional data analysis, combining complementary insights from various analytical platforms, is also explored. Finally, key considerations for generating and analysing reliable data are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDMA in macrolides: GC-MS/MS method for its detection and study of its formation","authors":"Nejc Golob ,&nbsp;Rok Grahek ,&nbsp;Robert Roškar","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is the most commonly found <em>N</em>-nitrosamine in pharmaceutical drug substances (DSs) and drug products. This paper investigates the potential of macrolide antibiotics, containing dimethylamino group, as precursors for NDMA formation in pharmaceuticals. A direct injection GC–MS/MS method was qualified for the quantification of NDMA in various macrolide DSs and film-coated tablets, and the use of pyrrolidine as a scavenger was further emphasized. As an alternative method, GC–MS/MS method with solid phase microextraction was tested, which proved to be unsuitable due to the limited water solubility of macrolides. However, its applicability was confirmed for the analysis of NDMA in water-soluble DSs, such as metformin. The observations regarding the solubility can be applied to a wide range of drug products and analytical methods for the accurate determination of nitrosamines. Various macrolide DSs showed significant levels of NDMA, confirming macrolides as NDMA precursors. In macrolide film-coated tablets, NDMA traces of up to about 70 ppb and 165 ppb were found in azithromycin and spiramycin, respectively, greatly exceeding the acceptable intake limit for NDMA. These findings confirmed the potential of macrolides for NDMA formation which was further enhanced in spiramycin that contains two dimethylamino groups. Furthermore, it has been shown that a stable DS form can successfully prevent NDMA formation, as observed with azithromycin dihydrate. The NDMA content in macrolides can also increase significantly during storage as shown in an accelerated stability study, which together with the levels above the AI limits highlights the need for greater attention and consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting bacterial and human levodopa decarboxylases for improved drug treatment of Parkinson's disease: Discovery and characterization of new inhibitors","authors":"Saku Reunanen ,&nbsp;Leo Ghemtio ,&nbsp;Jayendra Z. Patel ,&nbsp;Darshit R. Patel ,&nbsp;Kerttu Airavaara ,&nbsp;Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma ,&nbsp;Michael Jeltsch ,&nbsp;Henri Xhaard ,&nbsp;Petteri T. Piepponen ,&nbsp;Päivi Tammela","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, typically treated with levodopa, which alleviates the motor symptoms of the disease. However, levodopa metabolism in peripheral tissues hampers its bioavailability and leads to undesired side-effects. Therefore, co-administration of amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitors is necessary, but still, up to 50 % of levodopa may not reach the brain. Recent evidence suggests that gut microbes, especially <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, are also able to metabolize levodopa and affect the bioavailability by utilizing microbial tyrosine decarboxylase (TyrDC) enzyme. The main aim of this study was to develop inhibitors targeting gut microbial and host decarboxylation of levodopa. First, a virtual screen of a library of 158,000 compounds against <em>E. faecalis</em> TyrDC was conducted, combining three methods: molecular docking against the <em>E. faecalis</em> TyrDC homology model, structure-based pharmacophore model, and shape similarity searches based on levodopa, carbidopa (AADC inhibitor) and (<em>S</em>)-<em>α</em>-fluoromethyltyrosine (TyrDC inhibitor). A total of 394 compounds were selected and tested <em>in vitro</em> by using a cell-based <em>E. faecalis</em> assay measuring inhibition of levodopa metabolism. Three most active compounds (49-92% inhibition at 100 µM) sharing a similar scaffold and a set of commercially available and in-house synthesized analogs were then assessed against purified TyrDC and AADC enzymes. The IC₅₀ values for the most potent compounds for TyrDC and AADC inhibition were 23 µM / 102 µM (compound <strong>1</strong>), 42 µM / 154 µM (compound <strong>2</strong>) and 51 µM / 182 µM (compound <strong>3</strong>), respectively. These compounds also displayed cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells and modest antibacterial activity against <em>E. faecalis</em> at the same concentration range. The core structure of the compounds presented here can serve as a starting point for the development of a new inhibitor class against TyrDC and AADC, and offers a promising avenue for personalized PD treatment, particularly for patients with high levels of gut microbes expressing the levodopa metabolizing TyrDC enzyme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 107133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Honoring Prof. Gerhard Winter with the LMU Winter-Workshop special issue.","authors":"Olivia M Merkel, Hristo L Svilenov, Wolfgang Frieß","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"107131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}