English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)最新文献

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THE USE OF ENGLISH ON ONLINE MEDIA (WHATSAPP BROADCAST) IN FRONT OFFICE DEPARTMENT AT GALERI CIUMBULEUIT HOTEL galeri ciumbuleuit酒店前厅部在线媒体(whatsapp广播)的英语使用
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-19 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i2.1851
Ali Murtala, H. Thamrin, Senny S Alwasilah, A. Maulana
{"title":"THE USE OF ENGLISH ON ONLINE MEDIA (WHATSAPP BROADCAST) IN FRONT OFFICE DEPARTMENT AT GALERI CIUMBULEUIT HOTEL","authors":"Ali Murtala, H. Thamrin, Senny S Alwasilah, A. Maulana","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i2.1851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i2.1851","url":null,"abstract":"Hotel is one of the places that people choose to spend their time while on vacation or in the context of business. Each hotel certainly has its own way of attracting people to come to their hotel to stay and come back later. Galeri Ciumbuleuit Hotel is one of the hotels that has a unique way of conveying information, especially regarding hotel promos to guests. They use online media (Whatsapp Broadcast) to provide information about hotel promos. Of course they have their own way of sending broadcast messages. They definitely choose a certain style of language to attract customers. As will be discussed in this study, \"The Use of English on Online Media (Whatsapp Broadcast) in Front Office Department at Galeri Ciumbuleuit Hotel\". This study uses a qualitative approach as the research method which will be explained descriptively. After doing some research and discussion, the results of this study indicate that Hotel Galeri Ciumbuleuit uses two language styles, namely formal and casual style in conveying hotel promos. The final result of this study also shows that the style of language they use tends to be casual style, the choice of words is simple but sufficient to convey the essence of the promos they provide. This explains that they want to make guests feel comfortable when reading the broadcast messages from the hotel. Thus the choice of language style they use in hotel promos is very simple but quite interesting.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114175527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFL TEACHER PROBLEMS IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT FACED IN ENGLISH CLASS 英语教师在课堂管理中面临的问题
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1880
{"title":"EFL TEACHER PROBLEMS IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT FACED IN ENGLISH CLASS","authors":"","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1880","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to find out the problems in managing classroom and strategies to cope these problems. To achieve the aforementioned purpose, qualitative approach embracing case study was employed. The data are gathered through interview as instrument. The data were analyzed inductively that was transcribed, categorized, analyzed, interpreted and concluded. As the result, problems in classroom management divided into three kinds, there are: noisy classes along with talkative students, not focus, and arrange the bench. And strategies to cope that problems in managing classroom, there are: punishment, build the relationship with student in learning processes, motivates the student to study, and organize the activities. Furthermore, this study suggests teachers be motivates and manage the time to be effective in managing the classroom.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124692020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT 语境教学在叙述文本写作中的作用
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v1i3.1702
Afifah Anggraeni Sekar, Amir Hamzah
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT","authors":"Afifah Anggraeni Sekar, Amir Hamzah","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v1i3.1702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v1i3.1702","url":null,"abstract":"This research entitled \"The Effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning method in writing recount text\". This aim of this research is to find out the significant effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning method that used in writing recount text. In this research, the researcher took one Junior High School in Wanaraja academic year 2016/2017. This participant of this research were conducted to 37 students in the 2nd years of Junior High School 1 Wanaraja in 27th July 2016. The researcher used Quantitative method and Pre-experimental design to find out the effect of CTL method. Writing test used in this research were collected Pre-test, Post-test, and treatment. Moreover, this research will use text in the This research also will use pre- experimental research and will focuses on the second grade at one state of Junior high school in Garut . In addition, writing test, pre-test, and post-test will be used to collect the data. Quantitative method will be used to analysethe data to compare the score of both groups in pre-test and post-test.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132737810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE TEACHER USING L1/L2 IN TEACHING EFL CLASS 学生对教师在教学中使用第一/第二语言的看法
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1890
S. Sumiati, Amir Hamzah
{"title":"STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE TEACHER USING L1/L2 IN TEACHING EFL CLASS","authors":"S. Sumiati, Amir Hamzah","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1890","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to find out students’ perceptions on the teacher using L1/L2 in teaching EFL Class. It employed a qualitative research which used case study. The participants of this study were three students with categories advance, intermediate, and low. The data were collected by using in-dept interview. The items for the interview were developed from the previous research Elmetwally (2012) which were found appropriate to be used. The findings revealed that the use of Indonesian language in the EFL Class are generally positive. The three participants stated that they prefered when learning with the teachers used of L1/L2 in teaching EFL Classroom e.g explaining the material, explaining difficult vocabulary, translating and presentation. In addition, the students’ perceptions has a different percentage of used L1/L2 in EFL Class. The participants with Advance category stated that she was needed 50% Indonesian explanations when explaining materials, giving examples, explaining formulas and theories. Then, she was needed 50% the full English explanations when the teacher greeting and opening the lessons, checking attendance, giving assignments, correcting students mistakes, closing the lessons, giving homework, and announcing grades. Meanwhile, the intermediate students’ stated that she was needed a full English explanations as much as 45% and needed to be used when explaining the materials, and the rest 55% was needed on the Indonesian explanations to clarify the materials that was explained using English earlier. Furthermore, the low students’ stated that she was needed as much as 80% for Indonesia explanations for explaining the material more deeply so that students become more understand. And the rest 20% was needed for English explanations in opening and closing the teaching activity, and giving an assignment so that the students would get used to it. Moreover, it can be concluded that the use of L1/L2 as a facilitator in their learning, as a tool to help them get a better understanding when learning English.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123165586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AN ANALYSIS OF USING STUDENTS’ WORKSHEET (LKS) IN LEARNING ENGLISH: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION (DESCRIPTIVE STUDY AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL) 学生习题表在英语学习中的运用分析:学生的感知(高一阶段的描述性研究)
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1879
Destianti Kurniadipa, M. Hidayat
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF USING STUDENTS’ WORKSHEET (LKS) IN LEARNING ENGLISH: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION (DESCRIPTIVE STUDY AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL)","authors":"Destianti Kurniadipa, M. Hidayat","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1879","url":null,"abstract":"Perception is a mind, idea, believed, what do you think about something and how you see or understand something. There are many kinds of media that can be used in teaching and learning English. One of them is printed media especially students’ worksheet (LKS). Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) is well-known media in most Indonesian schools that is containing questions and more exercises. The aims of this research was to find out the students’ perception on using students’ worksheet (LKS) in learning English at the eleventh grade of one of Senior High School in Garut. This study was categorized into qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of thestudy were three students of eleventh grade in this school. Data collection is done using interview and documentation. To analyzed the data, descriptive qualitative analysis is used; it is to present the result of study in the form of descriptive explanation. This study show that students’ worksheet has some perception for students. One of them, the use of students’ worksheet for the student it is make the students are more active and give them motivated for doing assignment eventhough they are studying at home. In spite of the advantages there is also any disadvantages. Two of three students suppose that using students’ book is more effective than students’ worksheet. This is due reason they suppose that students’ worksheet has simple teaching material. So, its still need explanation from teacher and others source. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher suggests that teaching and learning process at the eleventh grade students should use interested media so that the students pay attention to the subject for example students worksheet (LKS).The teacher also uses the other textbook to supported the students’ worksheet (LKS).","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134562709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TEACHERS’ AND PARENTS’ PERCEPTION ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE POLICY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 教师与家长对小学英语语言政策的认知
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1883
Fitri Permata Rahim, Y. Fajriah
{"title":"TEACHERS’ AND PARENTS’ PERCEPTION ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE POLICY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL","authors":"Fitri Permata Rahim, Y. Fajriah","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1883","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the latest alteration of English status in elementary schools in Indonesia; that is, as extracurricular subject, this research aims to find out teachers’ perceptions on the recent English language policy in the primary school level and parents’ perceptions on the deletion of English subject in elementary school. To fulfill this aim, semi-structured interview was used as the instrument in collecting the data. The data were then analyzed inductively through the phases; recording, transcribing, categorizing, and interpreting. As the results, English teachers and parents had the same perceptions on the deletion of English in elementary school stage. Specifically, they disagreed with the abolished of English in Elementary School, almost the participants, not only teachers but also parents, expected English to be included in the curriculum so that the position of English is a local content in elementary school learning, and if possible English is aligned with other subjects. Therefore, the goverment is expected to reconsider this policy about the English status in Elementary school stage.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124829752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD THE USE OF EDMODO IN EFL CLASSROOM 学生对英语课堂使用edmodo的看法
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1893
Meuthia Rafa Fariha, P. Setiawati
{"title":"STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD THE USE OF EDMODO IN EFL CLASSROOM","authors":"Meuthia Rafa Fariha, P. Setiawati","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1893","url":null,"abstract":"This research intended to investigate the students’ perception toward the use of Edmodo as the English quizzes medium in the EFL classroom. Qualitative research was used in this research. A case study design was applied in this research. Seven students who have used Edmodo as the English quizzes medium in one of the universities in Garut volunteered as the research participants. The data collected by using a semi-structured interview. Three participants were interviewed in a face-to-face setting, while other participants were interviewed by using WhatsApp call and WhatsApp voice notes. The data then analyzed by following Mile and Huberman’s theory that emerges from data that systematically gathered and analyzed through the research process. The steps of analyzing the data in this research were reducing the data, displaying the data, then drawing a conclusion. The result showed that students' experiences influence their perceptions. Two students who have used Edmodo for longer than the others are very understanding and can convey their opinions well. Furthermore, all participants experienced some bad things in using Edmodo, but the researcher did not found any related theory. However, the researcher did a cross-check in the Play Store in the comments section, and it was found that some Edmodo users comment on the same thing that related to this finding. Even though, all participants conveyed positive perceptions toward the use of Edmodo as the English quizzes medium.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132302792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL EFL TEACHERS 城乡英语教师课堂管理实践
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1888
Hami Mukaromah, A. Kurnia, Amir Hamzah
{"title":"CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL EFL TEACHERS","authors":"Hami Mukaromah, A. Kurnia, Amir Hamzah","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1888","url":null,"abstract":"Classroom management has a crucial role in teaching and learning. Classroom management involves aspects of teaching that are central to student learning and teacher success. Unfortunately, Urban and Rural EFL teachers often have difficult to face disciplinary problems and student’s misbehavior. The study aimed to analyzedifferences and the similarities of the classroom rules in the classroom management practice between urban and rural EFL teachers. To achieve the aforesaid purpose, this study employed a qualitative method including comparative analysis research design. The data collected through the interview. Two EFL teachers in different districts of Senior High Schools in West Java, Indonesia which is in urban and rural districts purposively selected as the participant. The finding showed that there were five characteristics of classroom rules considered similar between urban and rural EFL teachers, they were created collaboratively with students, specific in nature, publicly posted, taught to students, and clearly tied to positive and negative consequences. Moreover, there were differences in two characteristics, there were a number of rules and stated positively.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128057790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STUDENTS’ EXPECTATIONS ON A TEACHER’S STRATEGIES IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT 学生对教师课堂管理策略的期望
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1891
Yuli Witarsa, M. Hidayat
{"title":"STUDENTS’ EXPECTATIONS ON A TEACHER’S STRATEGIES IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT","authors":"Yuli Witarsa, M. Hidayat","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1891","url":null,"abstract":"The students’ expectations are very important since this often means assessing teachers or lectures after knowing the perception results of the students. The aims of the study is to identify what are students’ expectations on teacher’s strategies in classroom management. This research was carried out through qualitative method and a case study design. Two females students who have different achievements (middle up and middle low) used as participants of the study. Semi-structured interview was used in data collection. The techniques for data analysis were organize and prepare the data, read through the data, explore the data, analyze the data with the coding process, represent and report the findings, and interpret the meaning of the data. Two findings are obtained. First, intrinsic characteristics consisted of the teacher learning system for students, teacher shows mastery of the subject, teacher gives correction to the students, and the teacher’s attitude towards the students. Second, extrinsic characteristics consisted of the teacher to be on time for class, the teacher gives assigment to the students in classroom, the teacher manages students attendance in classroom, and the teacher language in classroom. As a result of this study, there are several different expectations between students middle up achiever and middle low achiever. The researcher believe that this information help other researcher conduct future research or develop their research to be more spesific.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131091472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UNREVEALING THE CHALLENGES OF NOVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS IN ENGLISH TEACHING 揭示英语新手教师在英语教学中的挑战
English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1892
Azmi Nurlatifah, R. K. Adireja, Wahid Hasim
{"title":"UNREVEALING THE CHALLENGES OF NOVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS IN ENGLISH TEACHING","authors":"Azmi Nurlatifah, R. K. Adireja, Wahid Hasim","doi":"10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v4i3.1892","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to unrevealing the challenges of novice English teachers in English teaching. This research was used qualitative method. The writer used the case study design. The instrument for collecting the data through interviews. This study was conducted in some junior high school in Garut areas, West Java. It is located around rural area. The participants were selected utilizing the purposive sampling method. The findings showed that novice English teachers have some challenges in English teaching. First, novice teachers were difficulty implemented their knowledge in the world of work. Second, the biggest challenge for novice teachers is classroom management. Third, failure to manage the classroom caused students misbehavior in the classroom, such as daydreamed, slept in class, talked, used a smartphone, etc. Fourth, mentality, novice teachers often lead to childish attitudes when they were taught. Fifth, novice teachers thought about keep staying or leaving their profession as teachers. Sixth, all of the novice teachers felt sad and disappointed faced many problems.","PeriodicalId":119882,"journal":{"name":"English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125957312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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