European Journal of Integrative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of medicinal herbs among soccer athletes in the West Bank of Palestine","authors":"Faten Amer ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Alatrash","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Herbal supplements are popular among athletes, yet research on their types, purposes, and information sources is limited, particularly for Palestinian soccer players. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the types of herbal supplements used by young soccer athletes in the West Bank, their purposes, and the sources of information influencing their use. Understanding these aspects is crucial for safely and effectively integrating traditional remedies into modern sports nutrition.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study with young soccer athletes in the West Bank. We utilized a validated survey to collect data on the types of herbal supplements, their preparation methods, and information sources. We analyzed the data for frequencies and use values (UV).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 165 invited athletes, 155 participated, with 144 confirming their current use of herbal supplements. The participants, aged 18–25 (mean age 20.34), employed a variety of preparation and consumption methods. Information sources comprised traditional knowledge, advice from herbalists (\"Attar\" in Arabic), and online trends. Herbs that enhance physical endurance and stamina had the highest UV of 3.93, highlighting their critical importance. Herbs for joint and muscle pain and central nervous system stimulation had UV of 2.28 and 2.10, respectively, reflecting their significant roles. Antistress and anabolic herbs had UVs of 1.28 and 1.21, respectively. The total UV of 10.81 indicates a substantial use of herbal supplements. We recorded 1,675 recommendations, with the primary uses being: enhancing physical endurance and strength (36.36 %), reducing joint and muscle pain (21.13 %), acting as a CNS stimulant (19.46 %), alleviating stress (11.82 %), and providing testosterone-like effects (11.22 %). The top 10 herbs were ginseng (7.46 %), small nettle (6.99 %), olive (6.63 %), date (5.85 %), chili pepper (5.43 %), green tea (5.19 %), fenugreek (4.84 %), soy (4.24 %), coffee (4.24 %), and mate (4.12 %), collectively accounting for about 55 % of all recommendations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study identifies the top 10 herbs used by soccer athletes, as well as their role in modern sports nutrition. Future research should evaluate their effectiveness and safety, focusing on herbs like date and small nettle. Educating athletes on the proper use and risks of herbal supplements is essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of adlay seed extract on the level of neuroprotection gene expression in human nasal orbital mesenchymal stem cells","authors":"Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi,&nbsp;Ali Azimi,&nbsp;Hamidreza Hassanipour,&nbsp;Pardis Bostanian,&nbsp;Behzad Khademi","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Stem cells have gained attention for their potential as a promising approach for generating neurotrophins and advancing cell-based therapies for retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma. This study aimed to explore how adlay seed extract impacts the gene expression of key components within the neuroprotection pathway (<em>NGF, TRKB, MAPK, PI3K</em>) in human nasal orbital adipocytes mesenchymal stem cells (OAMSCs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nasal OAMSCs, with a density of 10⁶ cells/ 10 cm², were subjected to a 24-hour exposure to adlay seed extracts (namely the methanolic (MeOH) and residual (Res) fractions at a concentration of 1 mg/ml). The control group received an identical medium without the extract at the same time and under the same circumstances. We measured the relative expression levels of nerve growth factor <em>(NGF)</em>, tyrosine receptor kinase B <em>(TRKB)</em>, mitogen-activated protein kinase <em>(MAPK)</em>, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase <em>(PI3K)</em> in the treated cells versus the control group using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our data revealed that both the MeOH and Res extracts of adlay seed led to a significant upregulation of <em>NGF</em> in nasal OAMSCs. MeOH extract also led to the overexpression of <em>TRKB</em> (the gene coding for BDNF receptor) in OAMSCs, while the other genes understudy, were not altered.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlighted initial documentation of the stimulating impact of adlay extract on the transcriptional level of neurotrophin <em>NGF</em> and the <em>TRKB</em> in nasal OAMSCs. We also showed that the extraction method could significantly affect the molecular-level properties of adlay. This preliminary study can pave the ground for future advancements in the treatment of retinal neurodegenerative disorders and glaucoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and effect of a new artificial saliva containing Zingiber officinale and Cuminum cyminum on stimulating saliva secretion: In vitro, in vivo and preliminary clinical study","authors":"Supamas Napavichayanun ,&nbsp;Sutima Luangdilok ,&nbsp;Rungnapha Yamdech ,&nbsp;Pornanong Aramwit","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Xerostomia is a symptom that affects quality of life and may lead to malnutrition. While artificial saliva is used as a lubricant for the oral cavity, it rarely stimulates saliva secretion. The objective of this study was to develop a herbal artificial saliva (HAS) that could stimulate saliva secretion and be safe for human consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three HAS formulations were prepared with 0.3 % <em>Cuminum cyminum</em> extract and 0.05 %, 0.10 %, and 0.15 % <em>Zingiber officinale</em> extract (HAS0.05, HAS 0.10, and HAS0.15, respectively). <em>In vivo</em> skin and oral mucosal irritation tests were used to evaluate the safety of HAS0.15. Additionally, the preliminary efficacy and safety of the three HAS formulations were investigated in 21 healthy volunteers. The sample was sprayed into the oral cavity under the left and right sides of the tongue. Thirty minutes after spraying, the amount of saliva was assessed using a visual analogue scale and a Schirmer strip. In addition, dry mouth symptoms, the saliva pH, and adverse reactions were assessed before and after testing.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HAS0.15 caused minimal skin irritation and did not alter the epithelium or other structures of the oral mucosa. The saliva quantity after using HAS0.10 and HAS0.15 was significantly higher than prior to testing (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). None of the formulations induced mucositis or adverse reactions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study was successful in the development of a new HAS that stimulated saliva secretion and was safe for humans. However, this study is preliminary: Further clinical investigation in patients with hyposalivation will confirm the efficacy of this novel HAS. This novel HAS may be an alternative treatment for the elderly and patients with hyposalivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinsonia praecox bark as a new source of antibacterial and anticancer compounds","authors":"Armando Ordaz-Hernández ,&nbsp;Beatriz Hernández-Carlos ,&nbsp;Héctor Manuel Arreaga González ,&nbsp;Lorena Hernández-Ramiro ,&nbsp;Misael Corona Ramírez ,&nbsp;Mayra Herrera-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><em>Parkinsonia praecox</em> is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases; however, the antibacterial and anticancer properties from its bark have not been reported. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and chemical study of methanolic extract of <em>Parkinsonia praecox</em> bark (PpBM).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The PpBM antibacterial activity was determined against pathogen strains using the broth microdilution method, the cytotoxic effect was assessed on cancerous (HepG2, SKOV-3 and HeLa) and non-cancerous (J774A.1 and HaCaT) cells using the crystal violet assay, the <em>in vitro</em> hemotoxicity was evaluated using the hemolysis assay on human erythrocytes and the identification of major compounds derived from PpBM was performed by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and 2D NMR experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PpBM (2000 µg/mL) demonstrated antibacterial activity against <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, a potential breakthrough in the fight against this pathogen. PpBM decreased cell viability of HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC₅₀, 104.56 µg/mL) with a selectivity index of 1.38 regarding J774A.1 macrophages and 2.04 to HaCaT keratinocytes, suggesting a selective anticancer potential. On the other hand, PpBM did not cause hemolysis to high concentrations (1000 µg/mL) or alterations in the morphology of human erythrocytes at doses lower than 200 µg/mL. For the first time, lupenone, germanicone, 3-oxo-oleanane-18-en-28-ol, and combretol were identified in <em>P. praecox</em>. PpBM showed antibacterial, selective anticancer, and non-hemotoxic properties. These activities may be related to the major compounds, such as lupenone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>P. praecox</em> bark is a new option for obtaining bioactive compounds, further <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies are required to confirm their efficacy and safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the anti-inflammatory mechanism and effective constituents of Hosta plantaginea flowers by a strategy integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification","authors":"Bowei Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Li ,&nbsp;Qingcui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongwei He ,&nbsp;Jian Liang ,&nbsp;Junwei He ,&nbsp;Wanchun Wang ,&nbsp;Degang Dong ,&nbsp;Li Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inflammation is a common cause of illness among outpatients, but effective drugs are extremely scarce. <em>Hosta plantaginea</em> flower is an important herbal medicine in China that treats inflammation-related diseases, but its anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic network pharmacology was employed to decipher <em>H. plantaginea</em> flower's anti-inflammatory hub targets and candidate phytochemicals. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to elucidate the interaction of constituents and targets. Afterward, the anti-inflammatory activity of <em>H. plantaginea</em> flower and its mechanism were validated in RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>H. plantaginea</em> flower contains 153 phytochemicals, of which 85 were potential effective constituents. 949 <em>H. plantaginea</em> flower targets and 814 inflammation-related targets were predicted, of which 211 intersecting targets were acquired. Six major constituents, including corvitin, phytyldiol, agapanthagenin, 5,7-dimethoxy-8-methyl-4′-hydroxyflavan, (3<em>R</em>)-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, and phenol, 4-[(2<em>S</em>)-3,4-dihydro-5,7-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl] were picked out. Furthermore, 6 hub targets such as C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC1B), toll-like receptor (TLR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), recombinant V-Rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and protein kinase B α (AKT1) were obtained using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analyses. Molecular docking indicated that these 6 constituents had strong binding abilities with these 6 hub targets. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of <em>H. plantaginea</em> flower and its mechanism were verified in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by the inhibition of CLEC1B, TLR-4, TNF-α, STAT3, and Akt1 proteins, thereby suppressing the overproduction of nitric oxide.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>H. plantaginea</em> flower exerted a significant anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing TLR-4 and CLEC1B signaling pathways, which was elucidated and validated by an integrated strategy based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. Collectively, this study provides a novel insight into the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of <em>H. plantaginea</em> flower as a promising agent in treating inflammation-related disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological quality evaluation of animal experiments on traditional Chinese medicine formulas for glaucoma: A systematic review","authors":"Jiaxian Li ,&nbsp;Xuqi Bi ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Hou ,&nbsp;Yu Jin ,&nbsp;Mengqiu Shang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wu ,&nbsp;Lina Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This review aimed to evaluate the methodology and reporting quality of preclinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention for glaucoma, and explore areas for improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight Chinese and English databases were searched for animal experiment articles on TCM formulas for glaucoma. The risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE's tool, the reporting quality using the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and the GSPC checklist.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy-two articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for full-text review. According to the SYRCLE's tool, 7 (70%) of the 10 items had a low-risk rate of less than 50%, high-risk items were focused on selectivity bias, implementation bias, and measurement bias. Results of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines showed that 20 (53%) of the 38 sub-items had a high-agreement rate of less than 50%. Using the GSPC checklist, it was determined that 10 (53%) of the 19 sub-items had high-agreement rates of less than 50%. Randomization, blinding, ethical statements, housing and husbandry, animal care and monitoring, and protocol registration were low-agreement rate aspects of study reporting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The methodology and reporting quality of animal studies on TCM formulas for glaucoma is generally low. It is advised to further refer to the SYRCLE's tool and reporting guidelines, to enhance the design, performance, and reporting of animal experiments to ensure the reproducibility and reliability of results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876382024000684/pdfft?md5=590f7d812de03664a14a5a0669e3915f&pid=1-s2.0-S1876382024000684-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of Chinese patent medicine Xiaojin capsule in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Aijing Chu ,&nbsp;Shouyao Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland and the main cause of hypothyroidism. Currently, Chinese medicine is widely used in clinical treatment, and Chinese patent medicine is more convenient for application. We conducted a meta-analysis of previously published literature to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaojin capsule combined with levothyroxine (LT4) or selenium yeast in the treatment of HT, which also provided evidence-based medical evidence for traditional Chinese medicine in HT treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of Xiaojin capsule on HT. The study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973855), and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023412656). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), WanFang Database, China National Knowledge Information Database (CNKI), and SinoMed from inception to August 15, 2023. Two independent authors reviewed and coded the identified literature. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. We synthesized the results as standardized mean differences (SMD), mean difference (MD) 95 % confidence interval (CI) or relative risk (RR) 95 % CI. The Cochrane Systematic Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen RCTs with 1414 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that compared with LT4 or selenium yeast alone, oral Xiaojin capsule combined with LT4 significantly reduced serum antibody levels against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) (SMD= −3.4, 95 % CI: −4.52 to −2.27, P&lt;0.00001), oral Xiaojin capsule combined with selenium yeast reduced serum TPOAb (MD= −39.13, 95 % CI: −49.97 to −28.3, P&lt;0.00001); oral Xiaojin capsule combined with LT4 significantly reduced serum antibody levels against thyroglobulin (TGAb) (SMD= −3.06, 95 % CI: −4.12 to −1.99, P&lt;0.00001); increased clinical efficiency rate (RR=1.16, 95 % CI: 1.10 to 1.21, P&lt;0.00001) and serum free thyroxine (FT4; SMD=1.18, 95 % CI: 0.47 to 1.88, <em>P</em> &lt;0.00001) levels, and reduced thyroid volume (SMD =−0.59, 95 % CI: −0.87 to −0.32, P&lt;0.0001). The effect on serum free triiodothyronine levels in two groups was not significant, and Xiaojin capsules did not increase the incidence of adverse events.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Xiaojin capsule combined with LT4 for treating HT significantly reduced serum TPOAb and TGAb levels, increased serum FT4 levels, and improved goiter. However, the strength of the evidence needs to be improved because of the poor quality of the included studies, and further validation by multiple high-quality randomized controlled trials with comprehensive outcome reporting is needed in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876382024000647/pdfft?md5=aa43ef532fbb53130259aea95ac251ce&pid=1-s2.0-S1876382024000647-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking style preferences of Chinese and Western physicians: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Wenhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Kangle Shi ,&nbsp;Ying Hu ,&nbsp;Ruikun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyao Wang ,&nbsp;Xinping Yu ,&nbsp;Fangyan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhijun Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Cong Lei ,&nbsp;Yuefan Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Qinggang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) stem from distinct cultural and regional contexts, with the primary difference in their approaches to clinical reasoning. This study aims to investigate the cognitive preferences of TCM and WM physicians in clinical diagnosis and treatment, providing valuable insights for the advancement of TCM.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We implemented a two-phase mixed methods approach comprising questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The Thinking Style Inventory (TSI) was used to evaluate the thinking styles of physicians through convenience sampling. Additionally, a total of six physicians (three practicing TCM and three WM) were selected by purposive sampling and open-ended responses regarding self-cognition and influencing factors were analyzed using thematic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 150 surveys and six interviews consistently indicated a preference among both TCM and WM physicians for Legislative, Executive, Hierarchical, Liberal, and External styles. In contrast, TCM physicians exhibited a tendency towards Legislative and Liberal styles, whereas WM physicians leaned towards Executive and Judicial styles. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four themes: self-understanding, thinking characteristics, influencing factors, and style changes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study identified that within TCM and WM, a blend of shared characteristics and distinct individuality in thinking styles existed, exhibiting variations in the growth processes of physicians. Both TCM and WM physicians attributed the formation of their thinking styles to factors such as education, internship experience, Chinese social culture and personal disposition. Furthermore, empirical research methods emerged as effective tools for studying clinical reasoning in healthcare contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876382024000532/pdfft?md5=7d0fa68cd1bb7fbdcf71eb547c871c89&pid=1-s2.0-S1876382024000532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale and design of aromatic and warming-up management in coronary microvascular disease (AWARD): A study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","authors":"Mingwang Liu ,&nbsp;Yangfang Zhang ,&nbsp;Beili Xie ,&nbsp;Lulian Jiang ,&nbsp;Haohao Li ,&nbsp;Jianpeng Du ,&nbsp;Dawu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zikai Yu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Yan ,&nbsp;Keji Chen ,&nbsp;Fuhai Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Current treatments for coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) have limited efficacy. Kuanxiong Aerosol (KXA), a representative preparation used for aromatic and warming-up management, is a typical Chinese proprietary medicine that relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris and contributes to improving coronary microcirculation disorders, which may provide an option for the treatment of CMVD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 120 eligible patients will be randomized 1:1 to KXA or placebo groups and receive 30-day interventions and follow-up. The primary outcome will be the Seattle Angina Scale score. Secondary outcomes will be the TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndrome score, self-rated anxiety scale score, self-rated depression scale, microcirculation function, and laboratory index for coronary microvascular.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This trial will evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of KXA in the treatment of CMVD. The results of this study may provide clinical evidence for the use of Chinese patent medicine in CMVD.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200057494</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876382024000623/pdfft?md5=d0728c05a1ac5bcd2aa665b3bc7a3466&pid=1-s2.0-S1876382024000623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global comparative analysis of guidelines for herbal medicines Pharmacopoeia and Good Manufacturing Practice, with a case study of Panax ginseng C.A Meyer","authors":"Minghui Xu ,&nbsp;Dung Thuy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Sujata Purja ,&nbsp;Eunyoung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The use of herbal medicines is widespread, and ensuring their quality control, as guaranteed by pharmacopoeia and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, has garnered significant attention. Discrepancies in quality standards across different regulatory agencies challenge the global marketing of herbal medicines and hinder public access to these products. Therefore, this research aims to compare pharmacopeia on <em>Panax ginseng</em> C.A. Meyer (<em>P. ginseng</em>) and GMP guidelines for herbal medicines to provide an evidence-based understanding of quality control standards.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Definitions of herbal medicines across regulatory authorities, including the World Health Organization (WHO), Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S), European Union (EU), China, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam, were collected. Additionally, pharmacopeial standards on <em>Panax ginseng</em> case study were analysed, focusing on aspects such as origin, identification, testing methods, extractives, assay, purity, and drug information. The study also compared GMP requirements for herbal medicines, which included personnel, premises and equipment, documentation, production, quality control, contract manufacturing and analysis, complaints and product recall, and self-inspection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Definitions of herbal medicines are similar among the WHO, PIC/S, and the EU, while distinct definitions based on scientific evidence and traditional practices were presented in China, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. Pharmacopeia standards varied across regulatory agencies, as evidenced by the <em>P. ginseng</em> case study. However, testing methods closely resembled each other between China and Vietnam, as well as between Japan and South Korea. Among pharmacopoeias, the WHO monographs offered the most comprehensive drug information on <em>P. ginseng</em>. In contrast, the European Pharmacopoeia lists such details separately in a <em>P. ginseng</em> assessment report. Regarding GMP requirements, although examined components varied among regulatory agencies, significant resemblances exist between the GMP guidelines of PIC/S, the EU, and South Korea, and between those of the WHO and Vietnam.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Disparities in quality standards across jurisdictions highlight the necessity for international collaboration to achieve harmonization. Harmonizing these standards aims to promote the global availability of standardized herbal medicinal products, benefiting public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}