Estuaries and Coasts最新文献

{"title":"Abundance and Distribution of Blue Swimmer Crab in Response to Environmental Variation Across Two Contrasting Estuaries","authors":"Roshan Hanamseth, Hayden T. Schilling, Daniel. D. Johnson, Iain M. Suthers, Matthew D. Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01347-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01347-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Portunid crabs are an iconic, high value species in NSW, but catches are highly variable in space and time. Substantial variation in biomass is observed in both exploited and unfished populations, and environmental effects on distribution and abundance are an important factor contributing to this variability. Predicting and responding to this variability is a challenge for management and sustainability of exploited populations. We examine spatial and temporal variation in Blue Swimmer Crab (<i>Portunus armatus</i>) populations, over a 2.5 year trapping survey in two temperate estuaries that differ in tidal flow and riverine input. Specifically, monthly catch rates and distribution throughout the estuary are examined alongside variation in temperature and conductivity. In Wallis Lake, the shallower estuary with a restricted entrance, both water temperature and conductivity impacted abundance and distribution of crabs but there was no evidence that pulses of freshwater flow had a major impact. For a 10 °C increase in temperature the population on average shifted ~ 700 m closer to the ocean. Males were consistently located slightly further into the estuary compared to females, but there was no convincing evidence of estuarine egression in response to lower salinity. In Port Stephens, the deeper, tidal estuary, water temperature and conductivity also impacted abundance, but while males were more dispersed than females, the distribution of crabs within the estuary did not appear to be influenced by temperature, conductivity or flow. These results highlight the links between nuanced environmental relationships and estuarine geomorphology for Blue Swimmer Crab.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atoll Mangrove Progradation Patterns: Analysis from Jaluit in the Marshall Islands","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01331-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01331-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Low-lying islands are vulnerable to coastal erosion, and mangroves, which can mitigate erosion, have suffered enormous losses in recent decades owing to human impacts. Previous studies have little investigated mangrove shores on atolls, which may face combined multiple threats. We analysed the large Marshall Islands atoll of Jaluit, at a higher resolution than previous spatial change studies, finding that mangrove shorelines prograded seawards over the last seven decades. Biogeomorphic colonisation processes were characterised from transects along ~ 14.6 km of shorelines. Mangrove progradation occurred in patterns of arc-shapes evident of long-shore drift deposition, patch expansion of offshore mangrove colonisers, and linear shoreline advance. Significant differences in the rates of expansion were identified, with arc-shaped colonisation showing the fastest rates of expansion. However, linear shoreline advance was the most frequent expansion pattern showing greater than three-fold more classified transects than arc-shaped colonisation and patch expansion. These results have implications for low island mangrove restoration. Applying mangrove planting patterns mimicking these different natural colonisation processes may enhance restoration success in ecosystem-based adaptation projects to mitigate sea level rise vulnerability. Results from this study show that atoll mangrove shorelines demonstrate resilience during past sea level rise rates, and that rates of expansion vary according to patterns of biogeomorphic colonisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Southern Gulf of Mexico Resilience: Least Tern Nesting Failure During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Julio César Canales-Delgadillo, José Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Nallely Vázquez-Pérez, Rosela Pérez-Ceballos, Arturo Zaldívar-Jiménez, Enrique Benítez-Orduña, Mario Alejandro Gómez-Ponce, Omar Celis-Hernández, Martín Merino-Ibarra, Carlos Robinson-Mendoza","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01341-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01341-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 lockdown opened an opportunity to assess the response of animal populations to diminished human activities. As coastal dunes face many disturbances caused by increasing human activities, we assessed the effect of reduced human mobility on coastal bird diversity and abundance and on the Least Tern nest failure rate on an island in the southern Gulf of Mexico before, during, and after the lockdown to test the hypothesis that diminished tourism and recreational activities can contribute to the conservation of coastal ecosystems by increasing species richness and abundance and decreasing the nest failure rate. We used data from 2016 to 2021 to estimate nesting failure probabilities using Bernard’s cumulative distribution function, Kaplan‒Meier tests, and Cox regression for hazard rates. Bird species richness and abundance were compared using Kruskal‒Wallis rank tests. Factors related to breeding site preference were assessed using the BIOENV method. The lockdown did not affect species richness, but bird abundance was inversely related to pedestrian traffic (<i>rho</i> = − 0.908, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, <i>n</i> = 48). Nest failure decreased during the lockdown in 2020 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) due to reduced presence of people, which allowed occupancy of sites never used before. During the lockdown, the proportion of nest failure was lower than that in the other sampling years (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, φ range = − 0.445 to − 0.278). Accordingly, diminished pedestrian traffic can increase nest survival (log-rank <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Policies to reduce beach pedestrian traffic will help strengthen wildlife conservation and building coastal resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Residence and Coexistence Strategy of Tursiops truncatus in a Coastal Lagoon in the Southern Gulf of Mexico: Ecological Inferences Using Stable Isotopes","authors":"K. L. Naranjo-Ruiz, Y. E. Torres-Rojas, A. Delgado-Estrella","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01337-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01337-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Terminos Lagoon Flora and Fauna Protection Area is the largest coastal lagoon in the southern Gulf of Mexico and has the largest population of bottlenose dolphins, <i>Tursiops truncatus</i>, reported in the region. Photo identification studies have reported permanent and seasonal residence of dolphins; however, how dolphins coexist ecologically is unknown. In the present study, from 17 dead specimens stranded on the coast of Isla del Carmen (barrier island) between 2014 and 2016, stable isotopes in the liver, heart, and muscle, which represent different time scales, were analyzed to determine residence through δ¹³C values and niche width and trophic coexistence through δ¹⁵N values. Differences between sexes (δ¹³C liver: <i>p</i> = 0.009; heart: <i>p</i> = 0.01) and age classes (δ¹⁵N muscle: <i>p</i> = 0.02) were found, which indicated trophic sexual segregation and changes in resource use during growth, respectively. The lack of significant differences in δ¹³C values indicated isotopic equilibrium between the tissues, indicating the possible permanent residence of 12 dolphins in Terminos Lagoon as a coastal ecotype (− 16‰) and a second group (five dolphins) as an oceanic ecotype (− 18‰). In conclusion, most dolphins stranded in the Terminos Lagoon are potential permanent residents of this habitat, with evidence of resource partitioning as a coexistence strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Keystone Grazer, Sesarma reticulatum, on the Hydrology and Organic Matter Cycling in Salt Marshes of the Southeastern USA","authors":"Elise S. Morrison, Thomas S. Bianchi, William F. Kenney, Mark Brenner, Kimberly Prince, Sydney Williams, Collin Ortals, Orlando Cordero, Sinéad M. Crotty, Christine Angelini","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01336-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01336-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In salt marshes of the Southeastern USA, purple marsh crabs (<i>Sesarma reticulatum</i>), hereafter <i>Sesarma</i>, aggregate in grazing and burrowing fronts at the heads of tidal creeks, accelerating creek incision into marsh platforms. We explored the effects of this keystone grazer and sediment engineer on salt marsh sediment accumulation, hydrology, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover using radionuclides (²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and C and N stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in sediment from paired <i>Sesarma</i>-grazed and un-grazed creeks. <i>Sesarma</i>-grazed-creek sediments exhibited greater bioturbation and tidal inundation compared to sediments in un-grazed creeks, as indicated by larger ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be inventories. Total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen (TN) weight ratios (C:N) were higher and δ¹⁵N values were lower in grazed-creek sediments than in un-grazed-creek sediments, suggesting <i>Sesarma</i> remove and assimilate N in their tissues, and excrete N with lower δ¹⁵N values into sediments. In support of this inference, the percent total carbon (TC) and percent TOC declined by nearly half, percent TN decreased by ~ 80%, and the C:N ratio exhibited a ~ threefold increase between <i>Sesarma</i> fore-gut and hind-gut contents. An estimated 91% of <i>Sesarma</i>’s diet was derived from <i>Spartina alterniflora,</i> the region’s dominant salt marsh plant. We found that, as <i>Sesarma</i> grazing fronts progress across marsh landscapes, they enhance the decay of <i>Spartina-</i>derived organic matter and prolong marsh tidal inundation. These findings highlight the need to better account for the effects of keystone grazers and sediment engineers, like <i>Sesarma</i>, in estimates of the stability and size of blue C stores in coastal wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions Between Bacteria and Several Redox-Sensitive Metals (Fe, Mn, U) in the Sediments of the Yellow River Estuary Wetland, China","authors":"Jiahong Xi, Xihuang Zhong, Tong Zhang, Yu Zhen, Li Zou, Xueyan Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01338-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01338-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Estuarine wetlands are characterized by high biodiversity and active fluctuations in redox-sensitive metals (RSMs). In this study, sediment samples were collected from two sites, one with and one without vegetation, in the Yellow River Estuary Wetland (YREW). Active forms of Fe, Mn, and U were extracted using Tessier’s sequential extraction method, the bacterial community was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing, and the impact of the community on the RSMs was evaluated. The results indicated that the high nutrient content generated by vegetation withering had a positive effect on bacterial biodiversity, which led to high biomass and a wide variety of species in the sediments. Redox conditions and nutrient levels were the main factors influencing bacterial community structure. Under reducing conditions, genera such as <i>Desulfococcus</i> and <i>Desulfosarcina</i> were the main bacteria mediating the reduction of active Fe and Mn. Bacteria in genera such as <i>Desulfatiglans</i> and <i>Desulfotomaculum</i> were the main bacteria mediating the reduction of active U. These bacteria may result in obvious changes in the release of Fe, Mn, and U from salt marshes to nearshore regions. Our results can help to elucidate the interactions of bacteria and RSMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Fate of Jug Bay Tidal Freshwater Marshes Under Current Relative Sea Level Rise Conditions","authors":"P. Delgado, N. Howard, D. Waters","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01328-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01328-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tidal freshwater marshes (TFMs), found in the upper tidal reaches of river estuaries, are characterized by high diversity and productivity. These ecosystems are threatened by climate change, but unlike other coastal wetlands, there is a lack of information about the impact and their response to this threat. To understand the resilience of Jug Bay TFMs to sea level rise (SLR), surface elevation change was measured in low and mid-high marsh areas along primary and secondary channels. Elevation change exhibited significant temporal and spatial variability. A marked seasonality showed higher elevation during the growing season, and episodic storms altered elevation trajectories. Spatially, elevation change was significantly affected by channel category and marsh zone. Low marsh along primary channels lost elevation (−11.57 mm year⁻¹), while the mid-high marsh gained elevation (+2.65 mm year⁻¹). In secondary channels, both low (+11.29 mm year⁻¹) and mid-high marshes (+5.43 mm year⁻¹) gained elevation. A shoreline change analysis for the Patuxent and Western Branch rivers (2007–2018) showed change rates between −0.35 and −0.90 m year⁻¹. A 2019 upland migration study indicated that most TFMs studied are not able to migrate due to steep slopes. Overall, marsh in more protected areas, along secondary channels, are more resilient, while low marsh in primary channels the most vulnerable to SLR. With low upland migration potential, studied marshes have to rely mainly on vertical elevation gain to keep up with SLR. If restoration is considered in this system, it should focus on the vulnerable low marsh zones along primary channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation Changes in Restored Marshes at Poplar Island, Chesapeake Bay, MD: I. Trends and Drivers of Spatial Variability","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12237-023-01319-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01319-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Tidal marshes provide numerous ecosystem services, but are threatened by recent increases in global sea level rise (SLR). Marsh restoration and creation are important strategies for mitigating marsh loss, restoring ecosystem services, increasing coastal community resilience, and providing much needed habitat for threatened species. Dredged material resulting from navigation channel maintenance can provide a substrate for these restoration projects. Few studies, however, have addressed the sustainability of these marshes. The Paul S. Sarbanes Ecosystem Restoration Project at Poplar Island, where fine-grained, nutrient-rich dredged material from upper Chesapeake Bay is being used to create &gt; 302 ha of tidal marshes, provides a case study. The low supply of inorganic sediment is counteracted by abundant nutrients, stimulating high rates of organic matter production and elevation change. Using &gt; 10 years of data from 39 surface elevation tables, we found that the mean low marsh rate of elevation change (7.7 ± 3.21 mm year⁻¹) was double the mean high marsh rate (3.6 ± 0.47 mm year⁻¹) and exceeded the natural reference marsh (3.0 ± 2.28 mm year⁻¹) and relative SLR (5.7 mm year⁻¹). By stimulating organic matter production, the high nutrient substrate appears to offset the low inorganic sediment inputs in mid-Chesapeake Bay. Spatial variability was correlated with initial elevation, but was also influenced by local factors that may affect sediment redistribution within the marshes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139645722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) Invasion to Rarity of the Endangered Suisun Thistle (Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum)","authors":"Rosa S. Schneider, Margot V. Buchbinder, Katharyn E. Boyer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01326-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01326-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species exert disproportionate impacts in wetlands and pose particular challenges for rare species persisting at small spatial scales. In the urbanized San Francisco Estuary (SFE), which contains 90% of California’s remaining coastal wetlands, invasive and rare species often co-occur. One narrow endemic taxon, the federally listed Suisun thistle (<i>Cirsium hydrophilum</i> var. <i>hydrophilum</i>) is restricted to two or three locations where the invasive perennial pepperweed (<i>Lepidium latifolium</i>) has an increasing presence. Perennial pepperweed has invaded salt, brackish, and freshwater wetlands around the SFE, leading to high management concern. In this study, we investigated how perennial pepperweed may contribute to further rarity of the Suisun thistle, by conducting a removal experiment and surveying soil-plant relationships. Removing pepperweed led to a doubling of native species relative cover and an increase in native species richness by an average of one species per plot, positive effects on Suisun thistle cover, number, and reproductive output, and shifts in soil properties. Combined with survey data inside and outside of pepperweed stands, we conclude that pepperweed competes with Suisun thistle via competition for space, nutrients, and light, interferes with the Suisun thistle’s reproductive success, and alters brackish marsh soil physicochemical characteristics to further favor pepperweed. We recommend local control of pepperweed to prevent further loss of Suisun thistle. Further, the wide range of mechanisms by which this invasion may proceed if unchecked should be considered in other settings where rare or uncommon species are at risk from invaders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal Upwelling and Estuarine Gravitational Circulation: A Feedback System in a Tropical Estuary in the South Atlantic","authors":"Lucas S. Fonseca, Guilherme C. Lessa, Martinho Marta-Almeida, Carlos Eduardo P. Teixeira","doi":"10.1007/s12237-023-01312-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01312-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the effects of coastal upwelling on the longitudinal water density gradient within the estuary of Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS), its effect on the gravitational circulation at the estuary entrance, and the reverse effect of gravitational circulation on the coastal upwelling. This investigation was based on a 1-year dataset of observed water temperature, mean velocities, and river discharge, as well as 2 years of numerical simulation of the estuarine flow. The results show that the upwelling regulates the thermohaline field in front of the BTS, decreasing water temperature (up to 3 °C), and increasing density (up to 0.3 kg/m³), and have sufficient intensity to more than double the speed, or even establish, the gravitational circulation. It was frequently observed that the water temperature falls after an increase in the subtidal flow shear, suggesting that the estuarine gravitational circulation acts as a facilitator to the upwelling process. Numerical simulations indicate that the coastal upwelling events are also capable of reestablishing the gravitational circulation at times with weak longitudinal density gradient, a scenario that tends to become more frequent and intense in the near future due to the ongoing climate changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11921,"journal":{"name":"Estuaries and Coasts","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}